Phulusa lathu lakumapiri

Nyimbo zambiri zimapangidwa za mitengo ya Amayi athu, koma sizokayikitsa kuti tili ndi mtengo "wamtundu" wotere ngati phulusa laphiri la Russia, monga momwe limatchulidwira. Botanists nthawi zambiri ankamupatsa phulusa laphiri. Komabe, mwina kunali kofunikira kuchita kuti phulusa laphiri ili mwachizolowezi mdziko lathu, lomwe limafalikira kudera lonse la nkhalango ndi nkhalango zokhala mbali ya ku Europe ya Russia, kunali kosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi mitundu makumi atatu ndi itatu yamitundu inanso, yomwe imakulanso m'nkhalango zathu.

M'malo otentha padziko lapansi, akatswiri amawerengera mitundu 84 ndi mitundu yambiri yaiwisi yamapiri. Komabe, phulusa paphiri limakhala malo olemekezeka kwambiri mu banja lalikululi. Mitengo yake yofiyira yagolide yobiriwira yokhala ndi korona wozungulira, wopindika ndi maluwa oyera mchaka imatha kuwoneka m'nkhalango zambiri, m'misewu, m'mapaki ndi m'minda ya anthu yamizinda, m'mphepete mwa njanji ndi misewu yayitali. Mu nthawi yophukira, imawonekera kwambiri chifukwa cha zipatso zofiirira-malalanje, masango omwe amaphatikizika pakati pazithunzi zowoneka bwino.

Phulusa la m'mapiri limayimiridwanso ndi mawonekedwe omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'mapaki ndi mabwalo okhala ndi drooping, nthambi zokulira. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri zokongoletsa phulusa lamapiri, zomwe, kuphatikiza ndikulira, zili ndi korona wozungulira komanso piramidi. Zipatso zowala za phulusa la m'mapiri, zomwe zimayamba kucha kumapeto kwa chilimwe, nthawi zambiri zimadziwika kuti zipatso, ngakhale mu mawonekedwe awo zimagwirizana ndi zipatso za mtengo wa apulo. Maapulo a Rowan, aliyense osaposa sentimita imodzi, amatengedwa m'magulu a alonda a 25-40, kapena ngakhale 50 zidutswa. Muli iliyonse ya maapulo 4,5, ndipo nthawi zina 8 mbewu zazing'ono.

Zipatso za phulusa lamapiri ndizopeka, zowawasa, ndipo zowundana zokha ndizomwe zimatha kusinthika komanso ndizokoma. Muli shuga (14 peresenti), malic acid, tannins, carotene (osachepera m'maloti) ndi vitamini C pafupifupi kuchuluka kofanana ndi singano zakuda, ndimu kapena spruce. Sizodziwikiratu kuti zipatso za jamu, zipatso zosafunikira, kvass, viniga, kudzazidwa kwa confectionery ndi tincture zidakonzedwa kale kuchokera ku zipatso za phulusa.

Sitingalankhule mwatsatanetsatane za phulusa la kumapiri ngati chomera chamatenda, monga chakudya cha mbalame komanso ziweto. Koma sitingalephere kutchula phulusa laphiri ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali, komanso malo abwino, ndipo ndikofunikira monga mtundu wotsatira pakudziwitsana. Chimakula msanga m'zaka 15 mpaka 15; m'zaka zotsatila, kukula kwake kumayamba kuchepa. Zipatso pachaka kuyambira zaka 8-10, zimakhala zaka 200. Kututa kwa zipatso kuchokera kumtengo umodzi waukulu kumafikira khumi.

Palibe amene tingachite koma kukumbukira abale apafupi kwambiri a phulusa la mapiri: phulusa laphiri kuchokera ku Crimea, gombe, kapena phulusa laphiri, ochokera kunkhalango za Carpathian, phulusa laphiri la Sweden kuchokera ku Scandinavia. Phulusa la m'mapiri limapereka zipatso zazikulu ndi zokoma; Imayamikiridwa makamaka chifukwa cha kuchiritsa kwa zipatso za banki. Mphamvu zake zochiritsa zimawonekera mu dzina la sayansi la Sorbus Torminalis. Mu Latin, "Torminalis" amatanthauza kupweteka kwam'mimba. Matabwa pafupi ndi birch ndi okongola kwambiri komanso okhazikika. Mipando yothamanga kwambiri kale m'mbuyomu idatumiza ma zitini. Bereka, ngati phulusa laphiri la Sweden, ndiwokongoletsa chifukwa cha korona woyambirira.

Pa nthawiyo, I.V. Michurin adayamika kwambiri phulusa la kumapiri, lomwe limabweretsa mitundu yabwino kwambiri yazipatso zazikulu. Zina mwazabwino kwambiri ndizo michere ya Michurin, zakumwa zoledzeretsa, ma aronia, makangaza. Tsopano aweta m'minda yambiri yamafamu. Mitundu ya phulusa lamapiri ikuchulukirachulukira, ndipo chifukwa cha kuyesayesa kwa obereketsa ku Soviet, mitundu yake yolonjeza yasankhidwa kale, ngakhale phulusa wamba wamapiri a Russia silimatchuka.

Zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito:

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