Epiphyllum ndi membala wa genus epiphytes wa banja la a Cactus, omwe alipo pafupifupi mitundu 20. Chizindikiro cha mbewuyi yomwe imakula ku Central America ndi kumwera kwa chomeracho ndi kupezeka masamba.
Njira zokongoletsera zokongola zimapangitsa kuti epiphyllum akhale wachilendo kale, ndipo kwa zaka zambiri amakhala ndi imodzi mwazomera zofunidwa kwambiri m'nyumba.
Mitundu ya Epiphyllum ndi mitundu
Epiphyllum oxypetalum (kwenikweni) chimadzitcha chitsamba chachikulu kwambiri - mpaka 3 mita kutalika. Kutalika kwa masamba osakhazikika m'munsi mwa masamba ndi masentimita 10. Maluwa oyera amakhalanso ndi mawonekedwe, kutengera ndi mtundu womwe amtunduwu amadziwika kuti ndi gulu la epiphyllums yoyera.
Epiphyllum Guatemalan Imasiyana ndi mitundu ina ya mitundu ina mwa mphukira yapadera yomwe imafanana ndi tchuthi cha thundu lalitali masentimita 5 yolumikizana.
Mtundu wotchuka wamtunduwu ndi monstrosis epiphyllum - chodabwitsa kwambiri, popeza mphukira zake zimakonda kusintha mawonekedwe awo ndikusintha mosasinthika. Maluwa amatha kupakidwa utoto osiyanasiyana amitundu ya pinki, motero epiphyllum ya Guatemalan imakhala ndi gulu la epiphyllums la pinki.
Epiphyllum Dreamland yodziwika chifukwa cha machiritso ake komanso imakonda kwambiri maluwa azomera. Mwachitsanzo, msuzi wake umakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimathandizira kuthana ndi hangover, komanso zimalepheretsa kuyambitsidwa ndi ma radiation yamagetsi pamunthu m'nyumba. Nthawi yomweyo, maluwa ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana - yapinki, yofiira, lalanje kapena yoyera. Panyengo ya maluwa otentha, amadzaza mpweya ndi fungo labwino.
Epiphyllum Marnier
M'malo mwake, si epiphyllum kwenikweni, chifukwa selenitereus ndi a mtundu, ndipo ndi ufulu kuwatcha "wachikaso woboola pakati" Mtundu wakufalikira kwa mbewuyo ndi chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa mphukira zazitali ndi masamba akulu. Maluwa amaphatikizidwa ndi kutulutsa kwa maluwa onunkhira angapo, m'mimba mwake kufika 25 cm (atatsegulidwa)!
Epiphyllum Anguliger (kapena angular) tchire lokhala ndi nthambi zambiri zamiyala, pamiyala, kenako nkutuwa. Pali gawo lina m'mbali mwa nthambi zammbali. Kutalika kwa tsinde kumatha kulowa mita imodzi, ndi maluwa oyera onunkhira - 15 cm mulifupi. Maluwa amachitika kumapeto kwa masika.
Epiphyllum phyllanthus Imakula mpaka mita imodzi, ndipo kutalika kwa zotumphukira sikumapitilira theka la mita. Mphukira zimakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira, maluwawo amakhala ofiira pang'ono, pomwe pakatipo ndi oyera. Pa maluwa kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, onse maluwa awiri osachepera 25 masentimita omwe amasonkhana maluwa a inflorescence.
Epiphyllum Akerman imawoneka pang'ono yopanda tanthauzo - mphukira imangamira pachitsamba, 4-7 masentimita kuchokera pansi, okhala ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wambiri wamano. Khalani omasuka kubweretsa epiphyllum iyi mu gulu lofiira mawonekedwe owoneka okhudza maluwa.
Hooker Epiphyllum - mtundu wokhala ndi masamba osakhwima umayendayenda m'mbali, wotetezedwa pakati. M'maluwa oyera okhala ndi mafelemu ochepa, pachimake ndi pubescent.
Epiphyllum wasokonekera - Chimodzi mwazinyama zomwe zimadziwika, zomwe zimadziwika ndi masamba achindunji. Pazitali zazikuluzikulu zopanga pali magawo obiriwira amtundu wonyezimira, ofikira mita imodzi m'litali, 10 cm mulifupi, opanda masamba ang'onoang'ono. Maluwa amatulutsa usiku, amanunkhira ndipo amatha kukhala masiku 7.
Kusamalira kunyumba ya Epiphyllum
Palibe chovuta kwambiri kukulitsa epiphyllum m'nyumba mwanu, koma muyenera kuganizira mfundo zingapo zofunika. Choyamba, mtengowu sulekerera dzuwa lowala kwambiri, chifukwa limamera m'chilengedwe. Pankhaniyi, ndibwino kuyiyika pazenera lakum'mawa kapena m'malo otetezedwa pomwe kuwala kwadzuwa sikungagwerepo.
Kutentha kolima bwino ndi 23-25 ℃, chinyezi cha mlengalenga ndi pamwamba kwambiri, ngakhale kuti chomaliza sichofunika kwambiri, chifukwa mbewuyo imakonda kuzolowera chizindikiro ichi, ngakhale chotsika kwambiri.
Duwa lokongoletsa ma plumeria limakulidwanso ndikusiya kunyumba popanda kuvutitsa alimi a maluwa, koma liyenera kutsatira malamulo okonza. Mutha kupeza malingaliro onse ofunikira kuti mukule ndi kusamalira nkhaniyi.
Kuthirira Epiphyllum
Kuyambira kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, kuthirira kuyenera kuchitika pang'ono - osatinso nthawi ziwiri pamwezi, kumatenthetsa pang'ono ndi madzi. M'nyengo yamasika ndi nthawi yotentha, kuthirira kuyenera kulimbikitsidwa, kufikira malire oyenera.
Kufunika kothirira dothi kumatha kuweruzidwa ndi chinyezi chake, kumayendetsa njirayi ngati kuli kotheka kuzindikira kuyanika, kuyanika pokhudzika, koma nthawi yomweyo, kukhalapo kwa chinyezi chotsalira. Madzi a bomba sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito!
Dothi la epiphyllum
Zidutswa za dothi zimasankhidwa kotero kuti zimakhala ndi chonde, acidity pafupifupi 5-6, ndipo mulibe mandimu.
Izi zikugwirizana ndi kusakanikirana, kuphatikiza pepala, nthaka ya fibrous-sod, mchenga ndi makala ophwanyika malinga ndi 4: 1: 1: 1. Tambala tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagulidwa m'sitolo ya cacti yokhala ndi zinthu zambiri zodetsa za peat ndiyabwino.
Kupatsidwa kwa Epiphyllum
Kuphatikizika kwa Epifillum kumachitika bwino kumapeto kwa nthawi ya maluwa, ngati pangafunike. Popeza tatenga chomera pafupi kwambiri, ndikotheka kulimbikitsa maluwa ake, motero sikofunikira kuchita chonyamula pachaka.
Zofunikira mu mbale: lathyathyathya, lonse komanso loumbika, kuti mufanane ndi mizu yomwe ili yazipatso zamitundu yambiri. Mukamaliza ndalamazo, mbewuyo imasunthidwa kumalo osungunuka ndikunyowa pang'ono.
Feteleza wa epiphyllum
Kudyetsa kumalimbikitsidwa pakakhala kukula kapena maluwa, ndiye kuti, mchaka cha June. Nthaka iyenera kulungidwa malinga ndi feteleza wogwiritsidwa ntchito - ndi masiku 7-14 (kamodzi, malinga ndi malangizo).
Monga feteleza, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mchere wambiri womwe umakhala ndi calcium, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous mozama momwe asitikali sapezeka konse.
Kudulira kwa Epiphyllum
Kusunga mawonekedwe okongoletsera a epiphyllum, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse nthawi ndi nthawi, ndikuchotsa mphukira zomwe zimadulidwa kapena kuzungulira pamtanda, zomwe sizimapereka maluwa, ndikufupikitsa zomwe zimayala.
Mukadulira masamba, ndibwino kuganizira kuti mapangidwe a maluwa amapezeka kumapeto kwa chaka chatha ndipo omwe adachita kale maluwa sadzatulutsanso, kudulira kungachitike patatha zaka 2-3. Izi ndichifukwa choti amathandizira ntchito yofunika ya mbewu yonse.
Mphukira yopanga nkhata Bay iyenera kudulidwa popanda chifukwa, komanso kumasula chomeracho kuchokera ku zopindika komanso kuzimiririka ndi masamba obiriwira mkati mwa chitsamba. Masamba odula amathandizidwa bwino ndi malasha osweka.
Epiphyllum yopumula nthawi
Kumapeto kwa Okutobala kumakhala nthawi yopuma, yokhalitsa mpaka Marichi. Monga kuphatikizira, kusintha malo amkhwala pakadali pano ndikosavomerezeka. Mitundu ya kutentha yoyenera nthawi yachisanu ikukhala mulingo wa 10-15 ℃, kuwunikira kowonjezereka sikofunikira.
Iyenera kuthiriridwa ndimadzi ochepa (supuni zingapo) osati kawiri pa mwezi, ndipo ngati nkhomayo imakhala nthawi yachisanu m'chipinda chozizira, njirayi imatha kuyimitsidwa kwathunthu kufikira kumapeto kwa mvula.
Ndikofunikira kukonzanso hydrate mu April ndi kuwonjezeka kwapang'onopang'ono. Nthawi yopuma, mitundu ina ya feteleza yopangira cacti imaloledwa.
Epiphyllum maluwa
Kutsirizitsa kwa gawo logona, lomwe limapezeka kumapeto kwa February, kumadziwika ndi kuyamba kwa kukula kwa epiphyllum ndi kuyika masamba pa mphukira zokutira. Pakadali pano, simuyenera kusunthira mbewuyo pamalo ena aliwonse, chifukwa imatha kuponya masamba.
Nthawi zambiri, maluwa amatha kuoneka kumapeto kwa maluwa, pomwe maluwa amakhala kwa masiku 5. Phata lamaluwa liyenera kuthiriridwa, kuthiriridwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, ndipo mwina limaphukanso mu kugwa.
Mbewu Epiphyllum
Njira yofalitsira epiphyllum imaphatikizapo kuyembekezera kwa maluwa pafupifupi zaka 5. Kubzala nokha sikovuta - mbewu zimangodzalidwa mu dothi lonyowa ndikuphimba mapoto ndi pulasitiki wokutira.
Kusamalira mbande kumaphatikizanso mpweya wabwino wobzala tsiku ndi tsiku ndikukweza chivundikiro ndipo miphika imatsegulidwa kwathunthu pakangowonekera mphukira zoyambirira, zofanana ndi minga yaying'ono. M'malingaliro akale, masamba ake amakhala osalala ndikuwonekera, ndikuthira kwaminga.
Kufalitsa kwa Epiphyllum ndi odulidwa
Zodulidwa kuchokera pa mphukira yopyapyala, kudula 10-15 masentimita, kenako m'munsi mwa chogwiriracho ndi pansi pa makona atatu, zouma ndikutsitsidwa mu chidebe chopanda kanthu (malo a chogwiriracho ayenera kukhala owongoka) kwa masiku atatu mpaka madzi atuluka.
Kubzala kumachitika m'miphika wokhala ndi masentimita 7, yokutidwa ndi chisakanizo cha deciduous, kuwala kwa sod dziko ndi kuwonjezera kwa mchenga (1: 2: 0.25). Pamwamba pa gawo lapansi mumakonkhedwa ndi mchenga wamtsinje wosanjikiza masentimita 2. Kuzama kwa kubzala zodula ndi 1 cm, kumapeto kwa ndondomekoyi kuyenera kusungidwa mumtsinje osamwetsa tsiku limodzi.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Epiphyllum, kufananizira ndi cacti wina, amatha kugwidwa ndimatenda amtundu uliwonse komanso kutengera kwa tizirombo. Nthawi zambiri amamenyedwa ndi iye zishango, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi mealybugs.
- Choyambirira, mawanga achikaso amawoneka pamasamba, kuyanika ndikupotoza mphukira.
- Kachiwiri - zimayambira zidakutidwa chinthu chomata ndi kutaya mtundu m'malo ena.
- Chachitatu chimadziwika ndi maphunziro pamizere ya zolembera za waxywopangidwa ndi ziphuphu zoyera.
M'njira zonse zitatuzi, mankhwala ophera tizilombo athandizira kuchiza chomera chodwala.
Ngati simukhala bwino chifukwa cha nkhadze, izi zitha osachita pachimake. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyatsa kosakwanira, madzi okwanira ochulukirapo pamene kuthiridwa m'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kwambiri panthawi imodzimodzi, ndi nayitrogeni wambiri m'nthaka.
Mutha kubwezera kuthekera kwake mwa kusintha pang'ono malamulo a chisamaliro, ndikuwabweretsa pafupi ndi omwe afotokozedwa pamwambapa. Ngati mbewuyo ilibe dzuwa lokwanira, muyenera kuyikonzanso pafupi ndi zenera kapena kukonzanso ina.
Kuphatikizidwa kwa nayitrogeni pakuphatikizidwa kwa umuna mwanjira yabwino kumakhudza thanzi la mbewuyo, motero, kudzakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino zamaluwa. Ndikofunikanso kukonza bwino pakupuma mu Novembala ndi Febere mu kuzizira (ndi kutentha kosaposa 12 ℃), ndipo, mwina, epiphyllum idzaphuka mu nyengo ikubwera.
