Chifukwa chiyani mbatata siphuka?

Ngati nyengo ndi yotentha ndipo nthaka idakutenthezerani ndi dzuwa mpaka 8-10 ° C, mbande zoyambilira za mbatata zimawonekera m'nthaka itatha masiku 10-12. Komabe, akasupe otetezedwa, pomwe May akuvutika ndi kusowa kwa dzuwa, ndipo mzere wamlengalenga wamlengalenga sakwera pamwamba + 20 ... +22 C °, nthawi yophukira imafunikira zowonjezereka kuti zidutse pansi lapansi ndikusangalatsa wokhala pachilimwe ndi kukula kwawo. Zikatero, zimawonekera pamwamba osati masiku 20-25.

Onetsetsani kuti mwawafunsa odziwa bwino ntchito zamaluwa kapena akatswiri azaumidzi kuti ndi masiku angati mbatata zomwe zimatuluka mutabzala mwachindunji kudera lomwe mukukhalamo ndikumadzala masamba obzala. Mwachitsanzo, kum'mwera zigawo, kuyambika kwa gawo la 1 (kutuluka kwa mbande) patatha masiku 20 nthawi zambiri ndikusintha kwachilendo, koma kwa zigawo zakumpoto nthawi imeneyi ndizovomerezeka.

Koma, mwatsoka, zimachitikanso kuti nthawi yonse yofayo idutsa, ndipo m'munda wamtunda wobiriwira mulibe palibe ndi ayi. Mosasamala, nkhawa ndi mafunso okhudzana nawo amabuka. Chifukwa chiyani mbatata siphuka? Kodi chimamulepheretsa kupeza mphamvu? Zoyenera kuchita: kudikirira mphukira kapena kubzala kachiwiri?

Zifukwa zomwe mbande za mbatata sizimawonekera

1. Nyengo

Zomera zobzalidwa, komanso zomera zomwe zimakula, "zimachita mantha" ndi vagaries zachilengedwe. Zowopseza zotsatirazi zikuwopseza kwambiri kubzala zinthu:

Frost Ndi kutentha kwakatentha, minofu ya tuber imamwalira. Impso ndi mphukira zamphamvu zimatenthedwa ndi kuzizira: popanda "zakudya zopatsa thanzi" zimafa msanga kapena zimachepetsa kukula (zowonongeka pang'ono).
Chinyezi chachikulu chinyezi. Kuchuluka kwamvula nyengo yoyamba ya kukula kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa kubzala.
Chilala Popanda chinyezi, kukula kwa mphukira pamizu yoletsedwa ndikuletsa kapena kuyimitsidwa paliponse. (Ngakhale ndi kuchuluka kwa michere yama michere ndi micro!)

2. Matenda ndi tizirombo

Mbatata zobzalidwa zokha ndi chimtengo chokoma cha tizirombo timadzuka m'nthaka. Mwa zina zoyipa kwambiri:

Chimbalangondo kapena kabichi.
Mango kachilomboka (mzere).
Wireworm (mphutsi).

Amakhala olimba: amasuntha mu tubers, amatenga zitsamba. Atakhala pamalo ambiri pamalopo, amatha kuwononga 80-100% ya tubers zambewu.

Matenda osiyanasiyana a fungal amalepheretsa mbande:

choipitsa mochedwa;
rhizoctonia (nkhanu yakuda);
imvi
khansa ya mbatata
zowola, etc.

3. Kusunga mbewu molakwika

Kukonzekera kwa tubers kosakwanira kapena kolakwika kumachepetsa kumera kwawo ndi 50-100%. Popewa zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri, ndizoletsedwa:

sunga tubers m'matumba apulasitiki (polyethylene, polypropylene);
osasankha musanabzale (osasankha ma tubers owonongeka ndi kachilombo);
musamere;
konzekerani kubzala tubers ting'onoting'ono (zosakwana 15-20 g);
chitani ndi fungicides / mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso zopatsa mphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchuluka kwa anthu azidya;
gwiritsani ntchito mitundu ya mbatata yomwe sinasinthidwe bwino ndi nyengo yamaderawo.

Ngati pakufunika kugula mbewu za mbatata, musalole kuti mupite nawo ku malo ogulitsira kapena golosale. Ma Tubers omwe adapangidwira kuti adye ngati lamulo amathandizidwa ndi njira yapadera yamankhwala kuti asunge ulaliki wawo ndikuphukira kwanthawi yayitali.

Kodi kukwaniritsa mkulu kumera mbatata?

Sanjani mbatata: Tayani odwala ndi owonongeka (omenyedwa, odulidwa) tubers.
Ikani mbewuyi m'mabokosi osaya (mulingo umodzi). Ndipo ayikeni kwa milungu iwiri ndi iwiri mpaka itatu m'chipinda chowala bwino momwe kutentha kwa mpweya kumachepera 15 ° C.
Pazaka zonse za kumera (kumera), muthane ndi ma tubers ndi madzi nthawi yayitali ya masiku 6-7.
Ganizirani nyengo nyengo mukasankha tsiku lodzala mbatata.

Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa odziwa amalimbikitsa pakukonzekera kubzala mbewu kuti azingoyang'ana lamulo la "anthu khumi ndi atatu", kapena zizindikiro zitatu: 10 ° C - kutentha kwa dothi; 10cm - kuya kwa dzenje; Masiku 10 - nthawi ya zikamera mphukira. Malinga ndi iwo, iyi ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yothanirana ndi funso lovuta "bwanji mbatata siphuka?"