Poyang'ana koyamba, inflorescence yapamwamba komanso mtundu wobiriwira wa hedichiums umalumikizidwa ndi maluwa owala otentha. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazosowa - komanso zosowa kwambiri - zamkati ndi zobiriwira zomera. Maluwa ooneka ngati agulugufe mumtengo wamtengo wapatali komanso utoto wapadera wachikaso cha lalanje amawoneka osiyana ndi mbewu zina zamkati. Kukongola kwa inflorescences zachilendo, mawonekedwe owala ndi chisamaliro chovuta zimapangitsa hedichium kukhala nyenyezi yapadera. Ndipo babu iyi sioyenera aliyense, chifukwa pali zovuta zambiri pakukula chomera ichi.
Hedychium (Hedychium).
- Hedichium ulimi wothirira komanso mpweya chinyezi
- Feteleza wa Hedichium ndi feteleza
- Kutenga ndi kupanga hedichia
- Hedichium kumuika ndi gawo lapansi
Mtundu wa zokometsera za tropiki
Mwa zina zachilendo zomwe zimabwera kwa ife kuchokera nyengo yotentha, si zikhalidwe zonse zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti sizabwino. Zomera zotentha sizimawoneka ngati nyenyezi za nkhalango yokongola. Koma hedichium sakhudzidwa. Chomera chowala kwambiri, choyambirira komanso chosiyana ndi chomera chake pazachilendo chilichonse chimawulula pomwe chidachokera. Hedichiums ngati kuti ndi matsenga adasamukira mumiphika ndi machubu kuchokera kumayiko okongola a India. Mwachilengedwe, iwo ndi anthu okhala m'malo obiriwira mvula aku Southeast Asia ndi zilumba zapamwamba, koma hedichiae amaphatikizidwa makamaka ndi maluwa olemera a India, chifukwa ndi chimodzi mwazikhalidwe zotchuka kumeneko.
Hedichiums (Hedychium- - oimira banja la Ginger (Zingiberaceae) Mayina aanthu a hedichium akuwonetsa bwino kukongola kwachikhalidwe ichi. Duwa lonunkhira, ginger waku Javanese, duwa la gulugufe, ginger wa Kahili, gulugufe wa ginger, kakombo wa ginger, duwa la garland - ili ndi dzina losiyanasiyana la chomera chosowa komanso chamtengo wapatali ichi. Pafupifupi onse hedichiae ndi ofanana kwambiri kunja, osiyana mu mawonekedwe amtundu ndi mawonekedwe a inflorescence. Amadziwika mosavuta motsutsana ndi nyenyezi zina zotentha.
Hedichiums akutuluka zotulutsa. Kukongoletsa kwakukulu kwa mbewu, mwachidziwikire, ndimomwe limakhalira maluwa. Koma kukongoletsa konsekonse, kuchuluka kwa masamba ndi inflorescence sikuyenera kunyalanyazidwa: kupanga maziko owala otentha, masamba amagwirizana bwino ndi maluwa awa. Ichi ndi chomera chomwe chikukula mwachangu, chodabwitsa pakukula kwake. Masamba obiriwira, omwe amakula nthawi zonse, komanso masamba obiriwira, masamba owala pang'ono owoneka bwino pamakhala mitundu yonse yakale yochokera ku zikhalidwe za ginger. Masamba ndi otuwa, opanda masamba, amagwira mphukira, amapezeka mokhota kumapeto owongoka komanso mwamphamvu kwambiri. Koma maluwa a hedichium ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi mbewu zofananira.
Kutulutsa kwa hediahums kumatengera momwe zinthu ziliri m'ndende, mitundu, mitundu komanso nyengo (kukula kozama) chaka chilichonse. Maluwa nthawi yayitali kuyambira pa Epulo mpaka Okutobala, maluwa ambiri a hedichia amalima nthawi yotentha kapena mu Ogasiti-Seputembala. Mabulashi a inflorescence ndi mawonekedwe owoneka, owonda kapena otayirira, apical, opangidwa ndi maluwa asymmetric spongy okhala ndi stamens yayitali kwambiri. Gedihium imalungamitsa dzina lake ndi fungo lamphamvu, lonunkhira komanso zovuta. Zipatso za hedichium ndizosangalatsa kuposa inflorescence. Zimatsegula, kuwulula mtundu wowoneka bwino mkatimu ndipo sizigwa nthawi yayitali, kukongoletsa mbewuyo sikungokhala ngati maluwa okongola. Mtundu wofiyira, weniweni wamabokosi owala kuchokera mkati nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira nyimbo.
Dziwani kuti ngati hedichium imaperekedwa moyenera, ndiye kuti chomera ichi chitha kusangalatsa ndi maluwa osasokoneza. Koma mzipinda zogona pagulu lokhala ndi chaka ndikutha, ndipo zotheka zimatheka pokhapokha zitasungidwa wowonjezera kutentha.
Mitundu ya hedichia
Mu chikhalidwe chathu, mitundu iwiri yokha ya hedichiums yoposa makumi asanu ndi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi yomweyo, hedichium ya Gardner imakongoletsa kwambiri komanso yopanda pake, ndipo, chifukwa chake, imakhala yofala kwambiri.
Gedichium Gardner (Hedychium gardnerianum) - wowoneka bwino wosasunthika yemwe kutalika kwake mumphika kumakhala wotalika mita 1. Amasenda masamba owaza okhala ndi mawonekedwe osagawanika komanso nsonga yosangalatsa yokhala ndi mthunzi wobiriwira. Kutalika kwake, masamba amafika masentimita 40-50. Masamba amawoneka ofewa, nthawi zambiri amapendekera modabwitsa, kukulitsa kufanana kwake ndi mawonekedwe. Mabulashi a inflorescence ndi otakataka, ofanana, owoneka bwino ndi maluwa owala bwino a maluwa. Poyamba, wandiweyani, inflorescence imakhala yotseguka komanso yowonekera kwambiri. Duwa lililonse limafanana ndi gulugufe wamtundu, ngakhale ndilokulirapo ngati la mitundu ina. Kukongola kwa miyala yamtengo wapatali kumatsimikiziridwa ndi ma stamens amtali omwe akutha mu ma anthers a lalanje. Kupanga maluwa mu hedichium ya Gardner sikosangalatsa kuposa maluwa. Mabokosi okhala ndi mawonekedwe ofiira owoneka bwino ndi owoneka bwino nthawi yomweyo.
Gedihium Yokhala ndi Korona, kapena korona wa hedichium (Hedychium coronarium) - mawonekedwe okongola omwe, mwa mawonekedwe ake okongola a inflorescence, amatha kupikisano ndi ma orchid. Masamba ndi odutsa-ozungulira, okhala ndi mawonekedwe, okhala ndi lakuthwa m'maso owoneka bwino komanso okongola. Mphepete yam'munsi imapangitsa kuti ikhale yachilendo; kumtunda, kufalikira kumawonekera nthawi zambiri. Maluwa akulu amatengedwa m'makobiri akachulukidwe kakang'ono ka inflorescence ndikuwoneka wokongola, monga njenjete zotentha. Ma hedichiums onse ovala korona amadziwika ndi zonunkhira, zotsekemera. Pali mitundu yambiri komanso yoyera yoyera.
Pazosakaniza zamabotolo mungapeze chomera chosangalatsa - Horsefield hedichium (Hedychium horsfieldii) Imasiyanitsidwa ndi inflorescence yake yoyambirira-yokhala ngati inflorescence yomwe ili m'maso achisomo. Masamba ndi akulu kwambiri, ali ndi utoto wambiri, mpaka theka la mita kutalika. Maluwa amakhala otsekemera kapena oyera pamtunda wobiriwira, wokhala ndi milomo yaying'ono ndipo wozungulira, wokongoletsedwa bwino kwambiri womwe amapanga zokongoletsera zoyambirira pamwamba pa duwa. Ichi ndi mbewu onunkhira bwino kwambiri.
Gednich Gardner (Hedychium gardnerianum).
Korona wa hedichium, kapena korona wa hedichium (Hedychium coronarium).
Hedfield Horsychium (Hedychium horsfieldii).
Mavuto akukula a hedichiums amkati
Sikovuta kupeza malo oyenera a hedichia. Amasinthana bwino ndi zipinda wamba, ngakhale atakhala kuti salola kugwiritsidwa ntchito kofikira kwamaluwa kwamkati m'nyumba, "womangika" pazenera. Nthawi yomweyo, kudabwitsa kwakukulu ndi mwayi wosiya nyengo yozizira yozizira, yomwe imakhala yovuta kwambiri kupatsanso nyumba. Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha, ma hedichiae amawona kukhala osavuta kubzala mbewu kuposa anzawo a banja la Ginger.
Kuwala kwa Hedichium ndi kuyika kwa mbewu
Chifukwa cha chiyambi chawo chamtchire, hedichiums amatha kusintha bwino ndikuwala kosakwanira. Ngakhale ali ndi mankhwala otentha kunja, amatha kulolera pang'ono ndipo samakonda dzuwa lowala masana, koma sadzapereka maola angapo m'mawa kapena dzuwa lamadzulo. Maluwa okongola kwambiri amkati mwa hedichiums wamkati amatha kuyang'ana pang'onopang'ono, zofewa, koma zowala kwambiri. Koma ndi mtunda wa zotengera kuchokera pazenera, mutha kuyesa momasuka, ndikuwona momwe mbewuyo ingamverere m'chipinda china. M'nyengo yozizira, hedichiaeum ndibwino kusamukira kumalo opepuka kwambiri mnyumbamo.
Mawindo akuwonekera kwa mawindo akum'mwera kapena kumadzulo kwawoku amawona ngati malo abwino kwambiri a hedichia. Mwa kuwunikira kwachikhalidwe ichi, sizingatheke kulipira kuchepa kwa kuwunika kapena kayendedwe kake kutali ndi zenera.
Hedichia amafuna malo. Izi ndi zinthu zokhazokha zomwe zimangogwiritsidwa ntchito muzipinda zazikulu zokha. Amawoneka bwino mu studio zazikulu, maholo, zimakhudza kwambiri zipinda zazing'ono. Ginger wa Javanese ndi wabwino kwambiri popanga dimba lotentha nthawi yachisanu.
Kutentha kwa hedichium ndi mpweya wabwino
Hedichiums ndi imodzi mwazomera zomwe zimakonda kwambiri kutentha mkati. Koma kusankha kwa malo oyenera kwa iwo ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri, chifukwa kuyanjanitsidwa kuyenera kupezeka pakati pa kuthekera koteteza chinyezi pamwamba pa kutentha kwabwino. M'malo abwino, amawopa kuzizira wamba, kutentha komwe mbewu zambiri zamkati zimakonda nthawi yozizira. Ndikofunikira kukulitsa hedichia m'chipinda momwe kutentha kwa mpweya sikutsika pansi pa 20 digiri Celsius kasupe ndi chilimwe. Koma nthawi imodzimodzi, nyengo zotentha ziyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi zizindikiro zapamwamba kwambiri za chinyezi. Ngati palibe mwayi wopanga malo otentha, ndiye kuti mbewuyo imasungidwa kuzizira kwambiri, mpaka madigiri 16-20, omwe angalole kupitiliza kukongoletsa paminyewa yapakatikati. Fotokozerani mbewu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndikamagula.
Kukula kwa nyengo ya hedichiums sikutanthauza kuti pakhale kutentha kwapadera ndipo zimatengera zikhalidwe za mbewuyo komanso ngati itengedwa kuti ipite kukapuma mpweya wabwino. Ngati hedichium wakula ngati chikhalidwe cham'nyumba, ndiye kuti ndibwino kusiya kutentha osatchulidwa. Ngati chomera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati dimba losakhalitsa kapena pamalo oyambira maluwa poti chizolowezicho chimazizira bwino, ndiye kuti mutha kuchepetsa kutentha. Kutsika kwakukulu kovomerezeka ndi mpaka madigiri 10. Zomwe zimachitika nthawi yachisanu chomera ndizofunika kuzifotokozeranso pogula mbewu.
Hedichiums amayankha bwino kukakhala panja nthawi yotentha, ndipo amatha kupita kumalo kosungirako malo osungirako zipinda, malo opumulira, kapena malo osungirako maluwa. Sawopa kukonzekera, koma samakonda kutentha kwakadzidzimu.
Kusamalira Panyumba
Hedichiae ndi exotic, koma osati ovuta kwambiri kukula. Izi ndi mbewu zamaluwa odziwa bwino ntchito komanso omwe angakwanitse kuwasamalira nthawi zonse, kupewa kupukuta dothi. Chifukwa chakuti nthawi zonse malo okhala malo otentha, otentha amatha kusintha pang'ono pabalaza, ndikosavuta kukula kwa hedichium kuposa abale ake ena. Ubwino waukulu wa mbewu iyi ndi maluwa, zomwe sizifunikira kuti pakhale mawonekedwe apadera kuti azikhala mosamalitsa komanso chisamaliro chapadera.
Hedichium ulimi wothirira komanso mpweya chinyezi
Kukonda kwa hedium ndiye vuto lalikulu mukamakula chomera ichi. Zonunkhira zamtengo wapatali zimasowa kuthirira kwambiri komanso chinyezi chadothi chambiri. Koma nthawi yomweyo, monga onse omwe amakhala ndi madzi ambiri, sililekerera kuthirira kwamadzi ndikusasinthasintha kwamadzi. Mutha kupeza zokhoma pokhapokha mutasungira chizindikiro chokhala ndi tanthauzo labwino ngati mungasankhe dothi labwino. M'chilimwe, mmera ungafunikire kuthirira masiku awiri aliwonse. Puma nthawi yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa, kusungabe chinyezi, koma chinyezi kwambiri. Kuthirira komanso kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kumachepetsedwa ndi katatu, ndikuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa kuyanika kwa dothi mumphika.
Zizindikiro zapamwamba za chinyezi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa hedichium. Mitengo yovomerezeka yocheperako ndi 60%, koma ndi bwino ngati chinyezi cha mpweya chimaposa 70%. Kutentha kwambiri kwa mpweya, ndikoyenera kuti zolembedwazo zizikhala zokwera. Ngati hedichium imakhwima m'malo otentha-ndiye kuti imakhutira ndi chinyezi chambiri. Mpweya wouma umapangitsa kuti masamba azokongoletsa asungunuke, kuyanika kwambiri kumapeto kwa masamba, pang'onopang'ono kufalikira limodzi ndi masamba.
Kupanga malo oyenera, sipoda imodzi singathe. Hedichia muchipinda chikhalidwe chitha kumera pokhapokha ngati chinyontho chikuyikidwa. Ngati muphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito matreyi ndi madzi ndi timiyala tonyowa, dongo lokakulitsidwa kapena kupukutira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, mutha kukwaniritsa zomwezo monga momwe mumagwiritsira ntchito manyowa.
Hedychium (Hedychium).
Feteleza wa Hedichium ndi feteleza
Feteleza wa hedichium amathandizira nthawi yonse yogwira ntchito. Kudyetsa poyambira maluwa ndikofunikira makamaka pamene mbewuyo ikufunika zambiri za potaziyamu ndi phosphorous m'nthaka. Kwa hedichium amathera kudya 1 pa mwezi kapena masabata atatu. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira ina - pafupipafupi, kuphatikiza feteleza sabata ndi mlingo wochepetsetsa, kumayambiriro kwa kukula, kenako kudya 1 pamwezi ndikokwanira. Munthawi yopumira, nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi yozizira, chomera sichidyetsedwa, koma ngati mbewu zili bwino ndipo hedichiae akupitilira kutulutsa, ndiye kuti kudyetsa kumapitilizidwa mpaka maluwa atamaliza.
Kwa hedichiums, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe wovuta. Chomerachi chitha kumera ndikuthira feteleza wa nthawi yayitali ndikuwonjezera nthaka m'nthaka.
Kutenga ndi kupanga hedichia
M'malo mwake, kudulira mokakamiza kumabwera ku ukhondo. Mitengo yothamanga ndi masamba owuma nthawi zonse amachotsedwa ku hedichia. Pambuyo maluwa, ndikofunikira kudula mphukira motalika pafupifupi 10 cm.
Hedichium kumuika ndi gawo lapansi
Hedichia iyenera kuthandizidwa pokhapokha ngati pakufunika. Mizu yolimba imapanga njira zatsopano, mbewuyo imatulutsa gawo lapansi ndikukula, pang'onopang'ono ikukula. Kukula kwakukulu kwa hedichium, kumakondweretsa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mbewu zimabzalidwa mumipanda yayikulu ndikulola kuti zikule momasuka. Kuika kumachitika pokhapokha gawo lonse lapansi likapukusidwa. Ndikofunika kuyigwira kumayambiriro kwa yogwira kukula, kumayambiriro kwamasika.
Kwa hedichium, nthaka iliyonse yopumira, yopepuka, yachonde ndioyenera. Sangachite nawo ndale koma mmera umakumana ndi kuponderezedwa dothi la acidic kapena calcareous. Ngati dothi limasakanizidwa palokha, ndiye kuti mbali zofanana za mchenga, humus, tsamba, turf nthaka ndi peat zitha kuphatikizidwa. Kutsegula zowonjezera kumachepetsa chiopsezo chachilengedwe ndikuthana ndi acidization panthawi yothirira kwambiri.
Izi ndi zazikulu komanso zokulira mosalekeza zomwe zimafunikira zazikulu. Kukula kocheperako kwa zotengera za hedichia ndi masentimita 40-50. Mutha kukula hedichia m'mabedi akulu maluwa, mabokosi amaluwa ndi ma tub. Zotengera zomwe zimakondedwa ndizofanana ndi zomwe m'lifupi mwake ndi zazitali kuposa kutalika. Zotengera ziyenera kukhala ndi mipata yayikulu yotulutsira madzi.
Poika hedichium, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti simuvulaza mizu yothina. Gedihium sikuyenera kugwiridwa, koma mbewuyo imayenera kugwiridwa mosamala. Pansi pa thankiyo panali malo okumbika.
Hedychium (Hedychium).
Matenda, tizirombo ndi mavuto akukula
Chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino za hedichiums ndiko kukaniza kwake tizirombo. Kangaude kokha ndi komwe kumayambitsa izi, ndipo pokhapokha pokhapokha malamulo a chisamaliro akaphwanyidwa ndikusungidwa mumhepo youma kwambiri. Pafupi ndi mbewu zopezeka ndi kachilombo, hedichium imatha kuthana ndi tizilombo tambiri. Tizirombo chilichonse timathandizidwa mwachangu ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Vuto lofala kwambiri pakukula kwa hedichium ndi kupukuta kumapeto kwa masamba. Mitundu imataya kukongoletsa kwake osati mu mpweya wouma, komanso chifukwa cha kusowa kwa potaziyamu kapena kudya kosayenera.
Kupanda maluwa chomera ichi sikugwirizana ndi kutentha kapena chisamaliro, kusintha kothirira kapena kuvala kwapamwamba panthawi yopanda. Hedichiae sachita maluwa ngakhale atakhala kuti saali bwino kwambiri.
Hedichia kuswana
Njira yosavuta yofalitsira maluwa okometsera ndi kupatukana. Hedichium pamitundu yambiri mitundu yamakhanda, imakhala ikukula, ndipo kulekanitsa "magulu" akulu kumakulolani kuti mupeze maluwa angapo. Zomera zodziimira payokha sizimalekanitsidwa kwambiri, chifukwa zimatenga nthawi yopitilira chaka chimodzi kuti akwaniritse ana okwanira kukhala ndi maluwa opepuka. Mphukira imodzi yayikulu ndi mizu yamphamvu ziyenera kukhalabe mgawo uliwonse.
Mutha kukula hedichium kuchokera kumbewu. Zomera izi, ndikofunikira kuti zilowererere kwa tsiku limodzi. Pofesa, gwiritsani ntchito chisakanizo cha mchenga-peat kapena phatikizani gawo lapansi ndi mchenga m'magawo ofanana. Kufesa pamtunda pachithunzi cha 3-5 mm wa gawo lapansi, malo obiriwira otenthetsa pang'ono ndi kutentha kokwanira kwambiri ndiye zinthu zofunika kumera. Mphukira zoyambirira zimatha kuwonekera pakatha miyezi yochepa. Kutulutsa koyamba kwa hedichium kwa mbewu sikungayembekezeredwe kuposa chaka chachitatu.
