Chosangalatsa chosawoneka (kutanthauza, basamu amadziwika ndi dzinali) ndi m'modzi mwa oyendetsa ndege akale. "Ntchito yake ya m'munda" idadziwa nthawi zonse yoyanjidwa komanso yosayanjidwa. Koma lero, chidwi chapadziko lonse chakhazikitsidwanso chomera chofesachi. Maluwa okhalitsa, pomwe pinki ndi rasipiberi, wofiirira ndi wofiyira, maluwa osavuta komanso owirikiza ndi maso owala pang'ono, ngati nyenyezi, amawala mphukira zanthete, ndi masamba osavuta omwe amakongoletsa zitsamba zapamwamba ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosiyanitsa. Komanso kubereka mosavuta. Nkhaniyi ikunena za machitidwe omwe amalima ndi kubereka basamu.
Impatiens, kapena balsamine, chisakanizo cha mitundu.
Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya mabalsamu
Impatiens, kapena Balsamine (Zosaleza) - mtundu wamaluwa otulutsa maluwa a Balsamic banja (Balsaminaceae), zomwe zimaphatikizapo pafupifupi 500 za nyama zomwe zimagawidwa ku North Hemisphere ndi kotentha.
M'madera omwe amakhala ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri, basamu amakula bwino ngati mbewu wamba. Zokonda pa Universal - touchy Wotal, kapena Waller (Impatiens walleriana) - lero adakutetezani mitundu yotsalira ya mabiliyoni. Koma mbewu zina, zazikulu ndi zotsala, New Guinean balsamu hybrids (Imayambitsa gawo latsopano), chachikulu, chowongoka cha basamu (chotchedwanso basamu wamunda - amaletsa mafuta a basamu), mamita awiri Mafuta a basamu okhala ndi chitsulo (Impatiens glandulifera) kapena kaso, ndikupanga zitsamba zazitali zamamita basalamu (Impatiens balfourii) ayenera chidwi chachikulu. Zachidziwikire kuti kukula kwake kwakukulu komanso kufalikira pang'ono sizimapangitsa mitundu ina kukhala yovuta kusamalira.
Mitundu yonse ya basamu ikukambidwa, awa ndi mbewu zosavuta kubereka zomwe ndizosavuta kubzala. Ndipo njira yosavuta kwambiri, yodziwika bwino komanso yotsika mtengo yofalitsira mawu osangalatsa ndi, kufesa mbewu.
Gland ndi glandular, kapena gland balsamu (Impatiens glandulifera).
Impatiens pachimake, kapena balsamu pachimake (Impatiens namchabarwensis).
Impatiens ndi yayikulu, kapena Balsamu ndi yayikulu (Impatiens grandis).
Kutola mbewu ndi kusankha kufesa
Chomera chimagawidwa mwachangu podzibzala. Mabokosi ambewu ya basamu amaphulika, osakhudza chilichonse, chomera chimadzipereka modekha. Popanda kuwongolera, mafuta a basamu amatha kusanduka udzu, koma ndizovuta kutola mbewu chifukwa cha izi. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika poyambirira kwa kuyeretsa kwamabokosi, ndipo ndibwino kuteteza kuti sipereki kuti isamange zipatso musanayike ndi gauze kapena chidutswa cha minofu yowonekera.
Mbewu za Basamu zimasilira kumera kwake nthawi yayitali, mpaka zaka 8. Chifukwa chake, pogula mbewu, sikofunikira kufunafuna omwe angoyamba kumene. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati dzinja lili lamvula ndipo mbewu sizingakololedwe, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mbeu zanu zakale popanda kuyesanso kumera.
Nthaka ndi zotengera zofesa basamu
Mabakiteriya amafesedwa bwino m'mabokosi, mumakontena akuluakulu akuluakulu kapena makapu okhala ndi mabowo abwino otungira, kapena mwachindunji pamabedi omwe akukhalamo.
Gawo laling'ono la ma balsamu liyenera kukhala lopepuka, lozikidwa ndi peat, koma pafupi kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe osalolera a acidity. Zabwino kuti zomera zisakanikize dothi la peat ndi peat, mchenga wowuma m'magulu ofanana kapena magawo okonzeka kupanga mbande, momwe mutha kuwonjezera gawo limodzi la 1/5.
Olima ena amalimbikitsa mitundu yayikulu ya basamu kuti ifesedwe mu dothi losakanizirana ndi peat ndi mchenga kapena peat ndi perlite (2 mpaka 1). PH yolondola kwambiri ya basamu ndiyambira 5.5 mpaka 6.3. Mafuta a basamu sakonda zinthu zachilengedwe, mbande zazing'ono pam kompositi zimavutika bwino. Mawonekedwe a nthaka ayenera kukhala otayirira, opepuka, opezekanso.
Mbewu za basamu.
Chofunikira ndicho kupha tizirombo ta gawo lapansi musanafesere. Njira yotsatila imatha kuchitika ndi madzi otentha wamba, ndi yankho lochepera la potaziyamu permanganate, ndi fungicides. Kwa mavitamini, nthaka imakokoloka.
Madeti osungira ndi njira zolimitsira
Mafuta a basamu amakonda kubera mochedwa. Chomera chimadziwika ndi kufupikitsika kamene kamakula, kotero mbewu zimatha kuchitika mu Epulo-Meyi. Kuti mupeze maluwa obiriwira, basamu amafesedwa pamafunde angapo. Mwachitsanzo, mu Meyi, kuti maluwa akutulutsa msanga a Waller kapena New Guinean, zokolola zoyamba zitha kuchitika mu Januware.
Impatiens ingabzalidwe ngati njira yodulira mbewu m'munda, ndikufesedwa kuti mupeze chodzala mu greenhouse ndi greenhouse. Ndikusankha koyamba, mbewu zitha kuyamba kuchitika mu Marichi, koma m malo mnyumba ya chipinda, malowa amafesedwa kale kuposa pakati pa Epulo.
Njira yofesa mbewu za basamu
- Thirani dothi losesedwa, lochotsa dothi mumtsuko, mosamala ndikukonza pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku botolo lothira, kupewa kupopera.
- Pofesa pang'ono pang'onopang'ono pansi pa gawo lapansi, kuyesera kuti muzikongoletsa pang'ono momwe mungathere. Njira yabwino ndiyo kuyika mbewu imodzi imodzi osachepera 2-3, makamaka 4 cm pakati pawo.
- Popeza basamu ya Waller imamera pakangopezeka kuwala, ingoyikani ufa pang'ono pamwamba ndi mchenga wabwino kapena dothi lakuya, koma osaphimba kwathunthu. Ma balsamu otsalawo amatha kuvekedwa ndi 4-5 mm wa dothi losungidwa.
- Kuyambira pamwamba, pheretsani pang'onopang'ono nthangala za botolo lothira.
- Phimbani njere ndi galasi kapena filimu yabwino.
Mfuti za basamu.
Kumera mu bals Vitamini nthawi zambiri kumatenga masiku 4 mpaka 15, mbande zimawoneka mosiyanasiyana.
Mbewu zakumera
Kuti kumere, mbewu za basamu zimafunika kuwala komanso kutentha. Kutentha kwenikweni ndi pafupifupi 23-25 ° C. Pansi pamadigiri 20 kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kugwa. Zomwe zili ndi njere zimayatsidwa pang'onopang'ono, koma ndizotetezedwa kuchokera kumalo owonekera dzuwa.
Chinanso chofunikira pa basamu ndi chinyezi chowonjezereka. Gawo likauma, chinyezi chosakwanira mlengalenga, mbewu sizingamere, koma chivundikiro chopanda mpweya chikuopseza kufalikira kwa matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Chifukwa chake ,galasi kapena filimuyo imakwezedwa kwenikweni kwa mphindi zingapo, koma tsiku ndi tsiku.
Kukula mbande za basamu
Utangomera wobiriwira woyamba ukangowoneka, chinyezi ndi dothi, komanso mpweya zimafunika kutsitsidwa, ndikuchulukitsa pafupipafupi komanso nthawi yayitali ya mpweya wabwino. Ndikosatheka kuchotsa galasi kapena filimu kwathunthu. Zomera zimafunikira kuphunzitsidwa, choyamba kusiya mabowo ang'onoang'ono a mpweya wabwino kapena kutsegula chivundikirocho mopitilira, kufikira patatha masiku angapo sangathe kuchotsedwa.
Galasi kapena filimuyo ikachotsedwa, ndibwino kuti muchepetse kutentha kwa chipindacho mpaka madigiri 15-18 kapena kusunthira mbewu pamalo ofanana, koma ozizira. Gwiritsani ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuti muchepetse chinyezi.
Mmera wa basamu.
Kuyendetsa mbande ndi kusamalira ana a basamu
Muyenera kuloza pansi mphukira zachichepere zam'mawa kwambiri, zikangomera kutalika mpaka 1 cm kapena pang'ono, koma osati kale kuposa awiri oyamba, osati masamba abodza. Mabakiteriya amabzala bwino kwambiri mumzimbwe zomwe zimaloleza kuti mbande zisasulidwe kumtunda popanda kuwononga dothi. Miphika yapadera ya peat kapena makasetiti ndi yabwino. Zovala zimafunika kuziika mosamala, kusamala kuti zisawononge dongo louzungulira kuzungulira nthiti yaying'onoyo.
Pambuyo posambira, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kutentha kwa mpweya ndi madigiri ena owerengeka. Kwa mafuta a basamu, kuthirira pang'ono, kocheperako kuyenera kuperekedwa, osakokomeza nthaka.
Mmera kuumitsa
Kuyambira kuchiyambiyambi kwa Meyi, mabisiketi ang'onoang'ono ayamba kuuma. Afunika kutulutsidwira kunja kwa tsiku, pansi pa thambo, ndikubwerera usiku. Kusungidwa kwa mavitamini azikhala osachepera milungu iwiri.
Mbande za basamu.
Kubzala basamu m'malo okhazikika
Mbande zitha kusunthidwa kumalo okhawo kumapeto kwa Meyi, pomwe nthawi yozizira sikhala yowopsa. Impatiens sangathe kulekerera kutentha mpaka madigiri 5 Celsius, zomwe zimayika zoletsa zazikulu pakuwoneka kongoletsedwe koyambirira kwa dimba ndi ma balsamu.
Mtunda woyenera kwambiri mukabzala ndi pafupi 25 cm pakati pa tchire (yokulirapo basamu, mtunda uyenera kukhala wawukulu). Mabakiteriya ndijambulidwe, akumva bwino pang'onopang'ono pakuwunikira komanso mthunzi wocheperako (makamaka ngati umasungunuka nthawi ya nkhomaliro), komanso m'malo otetezedwa, otentha. Mabakiteriya amakwaniritsa kukongola kwachonde, koma amatha kuphuka pafupifupi dothi lililonse.
Mutabzala, mmera mufunika kuthirira komanso kuthirira. Chikhalidwe ichi chikuyankha mwachangu kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda
Kwa ma balsamu, tizirombo ta m'munda ndizowopsa kwambiri, koma kutentha kwambiri. Satha kulekerera kuchepetsa kutentha kwa usiku mpaka madigiri 5 Celsius, ndipo chisanu chilichonse chimawapha. Mwa tizirombo, mitengo ya basamu imakonda nsabwe za m'masamba, nthata za akangaude, zovala zoyera kufupi ndi mbewu zodwala.
Ma Balsamu mu maluwa.
Njira zina zofalitsira mafuta a basamu
Zidutswa za mbewu ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yowonjezerera tchire. Mbale zazing'ono zolimba mu Meyi kapena June zimayikidwa mumthunzi kuti mphukira zitambasule. Nthambi zimadulidwa, kuzika mizu m'madzi, mchenga kapena gawo lapansi pansi pa filimu ndikubzala m'mbale zodyera, zokulirapo pang'ono ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbande.
Mutha kudula mabalithamini enieni chaka chonse, kusunga tchire ngati chiberekero nthawi yozizira kapena kudula masamba mu chipinda mpaka nthawi yamasika.
