Wisteria, chisamaliro ndi kulima komwe kudali kopanda mavuto, kopanda madera ena pamafunika chisamaliro chapadera. Dzina lachiwiri ndi Wisteria ndipo ndi imodzi mwazomera zomwe zimakonda maluwa. Kuwona kamodzi simungathe kuthandiza kukondana ndi mpesa wa chic ndikutulutsa kwamadzi kwamaluwa kwamaluwa komanso kununkhira kosangalatsa. Kukhala ndi chuma chotere m'munda mwanu ndi loto la wolima m'munda aliyense.
Ndiloleni ndidziwitse
Wisteria - mbewu yomwe imawoneka ngati mpesa waukulu wokongoletsa, wa banja la legume. Imakhala ngati yamtengo komanso yowala, koma nthawi zina pamakhala theka-deciduous, lignated pamunsi toyesa. Zomera zake zidatchedwa dzina polemekeza pulofesa waku America wa anatomy Caspar Wistar ndipo mu Chi Greek amatanthauza "lokoma." Pazokongoletsa, mbewuyi imamera padziko lonse lapansi. Koma malo omwe amagawikirako kwambiri ndi East Asia ndi North America, makamaka kumadera akumtunda. Kupezekanso m'nkhalango za China, Kuban, Crimea, North Caucasus. Mwambiri, pali mitundu 9-10, koma awiri okha ndi omwe amabzala m'mundamo - obiriwira ndi Chitchaina.
Ichi ndi chomera chokula msanga, (mitengo imakhala zaka 150), ikukula kutalika mpaka mamita 18. Nthambi zimayimiridwa ndikukwera mipesa. Amakhala amaliseche (nthawi zina zomwe zimakhala ndi pubescence nthawi zina zimapezeka) ndikuvina. Kukula kwa mtengowo ndikopatsa chidwi - mu girth wa mpesawo umatha kufika 0,4 m. Mphukira za wisteria ndizopyapyala, zobiriwira zobiriwira, zotuwa.
Masamba a Wisteria ndi odabwitsa a pini, opaka utoto wakuda kapena wowoneka bwino, adapangidwa mbali imodzi ndipo amakhala ndi zidutswa 7 mpaka 13, chilichonse chomwe chimakhala ndi oblong-ovoid kapena chopindika mosanjikiza. Mwambiri, pepalali mpaka 30 cm.
Wisteria limamasula kawiri pachaka. Nthawi yoyamba - mu Marichi-Meyi, chachiwiri - pakati kapena kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Mitundu ina imatha kukhala ndi nthawi zosiyana zosinthika. Kunja, duwa ndi gulu lozungulira lomwe limakhala ndi masamba ambiri obzala. Pafupifupi, tsango limakhala lalitali 10-80 kapena 100-120 cm. Maluwa amatuluka kuchokera pansi mpaka pamwamba pa tsango, ndikupatsa fungo labwino. Pali corolla yoyera chipale chofewa ndi zygomorphic perianth.
Mtundu wa masamba ndi osiyanasiyana. Mwambiri pinki, yoyera, mithunzi yosiyanasiyana yofiirira ndi lilac.
Pamapeto pa maluwa, zipatso zimapangidwa - ma nyemba zosakwana 15 cm, zokhala ndi njere za mawonekedwe ozungulira, zojambulidwa zofiirira-zakuda.
Mukakulitsa komanso kusamalira wisteria (zithunzi za mtundu wa chic kwambiri zimaperekedwa), muyenera kukumbukira kuti mbewu zina zimakhala ndi poizoni, chifukwa chake muyenera kusamala kwambiri ndikusamba manja anu bwino mukatha kulumikizana.
Wisteria: chisamaliro ndi kulima mumsewu wapakati
Mosiyana ndi gawo lachilengedwe, kukhala wolima pakati pamavuto. Nthawi yayitali komanso yozizira kwambiri imapulumutsa mphukira ndi ma rhizomes okha. Maluwa amayembekezeranso zambiri kuti azikhumba - wamkulu wazomera amatulutsa mchaka cha 6-8 cha moyo. Ndipo komwe nthawi yachilimwe imakhala yozizira komanso yamvula - muyenera kuyesetsa kuwona masamba.
Malo abwino ndi otentha nthawi zonse popanda kusintha kwadzidzidzi, usana ndi usiku, komanso kuwala kwamphamvu kwa dzuwa.
Kuti mutukule bwino mumsewu wapakatikati, muyenera kupanga zochitika zokulira ndi kusamalira wisteria pafupi ndi abwino.
Kusankha malo okhala ndi dothi
Wisteria ndi mbewu yotentha kwambiri, motero, imakonda madera otentha ndi makoma a nyumba zoyang'ana kumwera. Madera otseguka osavomerezeka, ndibwino kubzala liana pampanda wamtunda kapena pansi pa khoma la nyumba.
Mutha kukwaniritsa maluwa athunthu komanso ochulukirapo pokhapokha ngati maola 6 patsiku. Nthawi yomweyo, mphepo ndi zojambulajambula ziyenera kupewedwa.
Wisteria sikuti akufuna kwambiri panthaka. Monga lamulo, imakula bwino panthaka iliyonse, koma chernozem kapena loams lolemera ndizomwe zimakonda kwambiri. Koma gawo lamtundu wa limestone kapena dambo ndilosavomerezeka kwathunthu.
Kutalika ndi chisamaliro
Bola amabzalidwa pansi kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June, atakonza dzenje la 60 * 60 masentimita ndipo atapanga kale feteleza wazakudya kwa mphindi 25-30 g pa mita2.
Pofuna kuti liana lisavundike ndi kunyowa, dambo labwino liyenera kuyikidwa pansi pa dzenjelo. Izi zidzatetezanso mizu.
Monga kubzala wisteria, chisamaliro chimakhala ndi zobisika zake:
- Mutabzala, mmera umafunika kuthiriridwa bwino.
- Kusintha kwa mwezi womwe ukuyembekezeka. Pambuyo pake, a liana amakula ndipo adzafunika kukhazikitsa thandizo.
- Nthawi yotentha kapena pachilala, kuthirira kumayenera kukhala kwakanthawi komanso kokwanira.
- Wonena kupopera mbewu zowuma mu chirimwe.
- Ndi kuyandikira kwa nthawi yachilimwe mpaka kumapeto kwa kuthirira yafupika.
- Ngati chovala pamwamba, gwiritsani manyowa ndi madzi (20: 1) kapena feteleza wa mchere (sungunulani 20 g mumtsuko).
- Masamba akagwa, kudulira kuyenera kuchitidwa. Amachitidwanso mchaka nthawi yolimba.
- Pamaso pa chisanu choyamba, liana limachotsedwa pa ma sapoti, limayikidwa pamatumba omwe ali pansi ndikufundidwa mosamala ndi moss, kenako ndi lutrasil. Madera oyambira ayenera "kuphimbidwa" ndi dziko lapansi. Njirayi ndiyofunika makamaka kwa achinyamata mbewu.
Leningrad ndi Rostov dera
Omwe alimi ambiri olimitsa wisteria m'chigawo cha Leningrad ndikuwasamalira amatenga mitundu yaku China kapena yamitundu yambiri. Kalanga, izi ndizosavomerezeka kwathu lino. Monga lamulo, mbewu imafa. Ngati nkotheka kukula mpesa, ndiye kuti maluwa ake adzasowa kwambiri - ma inflorescence ochepa chabe.
Ndikwabwino kupereka zokonda zamtundu wosakanizidwa, wokhala ndi chisanu chambiri - "Blue Moon". Izi ndi mitundu yamitundumitundu yomwe sikungokhala bwino, komanso yopatsa maluwa bwino. Kubzala kumachitika ndi mbande, kubzala pansi ndikukhazikika kwa June. Kuti mbewuyo isafe nthawi yachisanu, chisanayambe kuzizira, liana liyenera kuchotsedwa mosamala m'mathandizo ndikusungidwa mosamala ndi lutrasil. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndikabzala ndikusamalira wisteria m'dera la Rostov.
Chigawo cha Ural ndi Moscow
Wisteria simalola kutsika kwa madigiri oposa 20. Chifukwa chake, kulima ndi kusamalira wisteria m'matawuni ndizovuta kwambiri. Pali zofunika zapadera pakusunga mphesa m'nyengo yozizira. Zomera zimabzala bwino kwambiri mukamakulitsa chikhalidwecho mchidebe.
Kumbukirani kuti "nyumba" ya wopangayo ndiyofunika osati yochepa - malita 40. Mafonti apulasitiki, machubu, mbiya za m'munda zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kulima kwa Wisteria ku Urals ndizofanana. Inde, mukuyenera kugwira ntchito molimbika, koma zotsatira zake zimakudabwitsani.
Pofika m'dzinja, chisanu woyamba chisanachitike, a liana mu thankiyo amatumizidwa nthawi yozizira m'chipinda chofunda, momwe zingathekere kuwunikira kwa maola asanu ndi limodzi. Poterepa, mmera uyenera kuthiriridwa kamodzi pa sabata. Kudyetsa sikumaperekedwa.
Ndi kuyamba kwa March, a liana amasamutsidwa m'chipinda chowala ndikuthiriridwa bwino katatu / sabata. Kuthira manyunkhira ndi zopatsa mphamvu kumaloledwa.
Zochita zamaluwa zikuwonetsa kuti ngakhale ndi kulima nthangala yolimbana ndi chisanu m'dera la Moscow ndi Urals, liana lidzatha kupereka maluwa ambiri nthawi yayitali (nthawi yachilimwe ndi yophukira). Zowona, muyenera kudikira nthawi yayitali kuti mphukira isanduke mtengo wachikulire.
Siberia
Wisteria ndi wokongola modabwitsa. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti aliyense akufuna kumuwona. Koma kukula kwawoko ku Siberia nkosatheka. Ngakhale zosiyanasiyana monga Blue Moon, zomwe zimatha kupirira madigiri makumi anayi a chisanu, ndipo zimagwadira zachilengedwe. Kuphatikiza pa kotentha komanso kotentha, wisteria amafunika nthawi yayitali yamasamba. Ndiye amene amayambitsa maluwa ambiri ndi okhalitsa. Nyengo ku Siberia sikungapereke zofunikira. Ngakhale mutasintha ndi kukulira mpesa, kuuphimba ndikutchinjiriza ku chisanu (kupereka malo abwino achitetezo nthawi yachisanu), ndikuyang'anira mosamala kuti mbewuyo sanyowa, maluwa sangathe kubwera. Ngati chozizwitsa chachitika, inflorescence imakhala yofooka ndikupatula.
Belarus ndi Ukraine
Mayikowa ndi otentha kwambiri kuposa nyengo yapakati pa Russia. Chifukwa chake okhalamo chilimwe amatha kusangalala - adzakulitsa wistia. 
Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kukula mitundu yokonda kutentha, mwachitsanzo, "Chinese".
Kukula wisitia ku Belarus, amakonda mbande. Pazaka chimodzi chokha, zimawokedwa pamalo pomwe pali dzuwa pomwe dothi komanso malo ake zimawotha bwino. 
Nthawi iyi ibwera mu Epulo-Meyi. Kukula kwamipesa yaukalamba kudzachitika m'miyezi yachilimwe, kuyambira kumapeto kwa Juni. Pofika nthawi yophukira, mbewuyo imayenera kukhala yolimba.
Kufalitsa kwa Wisteria
Pali zosankha zingapo pakufalitsa kwa Wisteria, iliyonse yomwe ili ndi njira yake.
Kuyika
Kuphatikiza pa kudalirika komanso kuphweka, njirayi ndiyabwino chifukwa imapereka zizindikiro zonse za chomera cha mayi kwa ana. Amatenga gawo la mphukira za chaka chatha ndipo, pofika masika kapena nthawi yophukira, amakumba mzere wa 20 cm pafupi nawo, ndikuyambitsa dothi lambiri ndi michere mkati mwake, ndikutuluka bwino ndi madzi. Maudindo ang'onoang'ono amapangidwa pa mphukira pamwamba pa impso ndipo mphukirowo amaikamo dzenje, osayiwala kuyiyika kuti isatuluke ndikuwaza ndi lapansi.
Ndikosatheka kuwaza pamwamba pa mphukira ndi nthaka, chifukwa chake chomera chimapumira. Zingofunika kumangirizidwa ndi msomali pachimodzimodzi.
Yozika mizu mu masamba namphukira imasiyanitsidwa ndi "mayi" pokhapokha zaka 1-1.5. Ngati muzu wake wakula kwambiri - umasinthidwa nthawi yomweyo kukhala pansi, osafooka - mumiphika ndikuutumiza kuti ukule patsogolo.
Zodulidwa zodulidwa
Dulani iwo kugwa kuchokera pakati woyendera mphukira. Nthambi iliyonse imayenera kukhala ndi masamba awiri ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 5-8. Atabzalidwe ndikusungidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa 3 ° C. Ndi kumayambiriro kwa Epulo-Meyi, maukazidwe amawaika m'zotengera ndi mchenga wonyowa pansi. Kubzala kumachitika molunjika kwa kuya kwa masentimita 4, kuyang'ana mtunda pakati paudulidwe wa 10 cm. Mu April amadzalidwa mumiphika ndikukutumizira kuti ikule. Pakatha chaka, mipesa ingabzalidwe mpaka kalekale.
Katemera wa dzinja
Njira ndi yovuta kwambiri, koma imapereka mawonekedwe onse amitundu. M'dzinja, amakumba mbande zokhala ndi khungu losasanjika, ndikulekanitsa muzu (mizu iyenera kukhala yayitali masentimita 6), ndikuwachotsa m'miyala yamchenga ndikuwatumiza kumalo abwino, opanda kuwala. Mu Disembala-Januware, amabweretsedwa kutentha. Pambuyo pa masabata awiri, adalumikizidwa kudulira kosinthika kwa chikwanje amachilitsidwa ndi kutalika kwa 6 cm, kukhala ndi masamba awiri ndi kudula kozama kwa 2-3 masentimita pansi pa otsika kwambiri. Kudula kofananako kumachitika pamizere yokhala ndi poyandikira pafupi. Katemera waukhazikitsidwa bwino ndi gulu lothandizira.
Kenako, zodulidwazo zimabzalidwa mchidebe chokhala ndi michere yopanda michere, osakuza malo a katemera, ndikuphimba ndi galasi. Zowonjezera zotengera: osachepera 15 ° C ndi chinyezi 80%. Ngati zonse zachitika molondola, mphukira kuchokera ku masamba a axillary zimayenera kuwonekera pakatha masabata awiri. Mipesa yokhazikika bwino ikhoza kuikidwa pansi.
Wisteria kuchokera ku mbewu
Mutha kubzala mbewu mu Marichi panthaka kapena mu Disembala m'nyumba zing'onozing'ono. Mlandu wachiwiri, pepala ndi malo osalala ndi mchenga (4: 1: 1) umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lapansi. Mbewuzo zimangoyikidwa panthaka ndikuwazidwa pang'ono ndi mchenga, wokutidwa ndi galasi ndikutumizidwa kumalo ofunda (20 ° C) ndi malo amdima. Nthawi yomweyo, zimayang'aniridwa kuti dothi limakhala lonyowa nthawi zonse.
Pakatha mwezi umodzi, mbewu zimaswa, patatha milungu ina 1.5 zimabweretsedwa ndikuwala, zimasinthana koyamba kuchokera ku dzuwa. Pomwe mapepala awiri osatupa akuwonekera, amasankha, kuyesera kuti asawononge mizu. M'tsogolo, zophukira zoterezi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popereka katemera. Chonde dziwani kuti wisteria wopangidwa kunyumba kuchokera ku mbewu samatumiza mawonekedwe. Chifukwa chake, maluwa ake satha kuchitika kapena akhoza kukhala osowa kwambiri, kenako patatha zaka 8.
Monga mukuwonera, kukula kwa wisitia ndikuwasamalira pakatipa kotentha kumakhala ndi zovuta zambiri. Koma kuyesa sikunachedwe. Pang'onopang'ono pazithunzi zonse, mutha kukulitsa kukongola kwenikweni. Zachidziwikire, osati zofanana ndi China, koma maluwa ake amakusangalatsani.
