Liana tunbergia (Thunbergia) ndi amtundu wa mbewu zokongoletsera zamaluwa zomwe zimachokera ku banja la Acanthus. Mtengowo udagawidwa m'maiko otentha omwe ali kum'mwera kwa Asia ndi Africa. Pali mitundu 200 ya mtunduwu.
Komwe dzina la duwa la tunbergia limalumikizana ndi dzina la wasayansi wotchuka zachilengedwe ndi a Peter Tunberg, yemwe adachita kafukufuku wakuya pakati pa mbewu ndi nyama. Duwa ili ndi dzina lina - Suzanne wamaso wakuda. Ku Europe, tanthauzo ili limatha kupezeka, chifukwa pakati pa masamba amapentedwa ndi utoto wakuda. Zitsamba za tunbergia zimabadwa poyera kapena pabwino.
Kufotokozera kwamaluwa a tunbergia
Duwa limawoneka ngati liana kapena chitsamba chomwe chimakhala ndi masamba osasunthika pamitengo yopindika. Amatha kukula masentimita 2,5 mpaka 60. Maluwa ndi opanga mawonekedwe opindika ndi mainchesi ofikira mpaka 4 cm, opangidwa pazitali zazitali. Amasonkhana mu inflorescence, mtundu wake womwe umatengera mtundu wa tunbergia, kapena amapezeka palokha. Mitundu ina ya mbewu imakhala ndi fungo labwino, lokhazikika pakamasamba, yomwe imatha kuoneka kuyambira Julayi mpaka Seputembala.
Tunbergia ili ndi nyengo yosakhazikika, komabe, nyengo zathu sizimalola kukula duwa pamabedi a maluwa chaka chilichonse motsatizana. Izi zimalepheretsedwa ndi kusakhazikika kwa mbeuyo pazovuta za kutentha kochepa, chifukwa chake, monga lamulo, sichikhala nthawi yozizira. Kukwera kwa tunbergia kumakhala ngati kukongoletsa chiwembu chamaluwa chokha ngati chaka chilichonse ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyimbo zopenyerera. Ngati mupereka chithandizo chodalirika pachomera, chitha kutalika pafupifupi mamitala awiri. The ampellous tunbergia imakula bwino ngati mawonekedwe okongoletsera nthawi zonse muzipinda kapena nyumba zobiriwira.
Kukula kwa Tunbergia kuchokera ku Mbewu
Kubzala Tunbergia
Kubalana ndi mbewu kumachitika kumayambiriro kwamasika. Izi zisanachitike, kubzala zakuthupi kumakonzedwa ndi epin kapena fumar. Kubzala kumachitika mu gawo lokonzekera, lomwe lidzakhale lofanana ndi chiyezo cha peat, lapansi, mchenga. Mbewu zapamwamba zimakutidwa ndi danga laling'ono lapansi ndikuthilira ndi madzi. Kuti apange wowonjezera kutentha, zomerazo ndi mbewu zimakutidwa ndi filimu kapena galasi. Amayikidwa pazenera zanyumba zomwe zimakhala mbali ina nyumbayo. Osaloleza kuyanika pamwamba panthaka. Kutentha kwakukulu pakukula ndi 8-10 ºC. Ngati mumatsatira mosamalitsa malamulo a chisamaliro, ndiye kuti patatha masiku 7 mphukira yoyamba idzawonekera. Pambuyo pake, filimuyo kapena galasi limachotsedwa.
Mbewu za Thonbergia
Ngati mbande zikuwoneka kuti ndizokwanira, ndikofunikira kutola ndikusiyirani mitundu yabwino kwambiri. Kwa mbande zomwe zafika kutalika pafupifupi 12 cm, zimadina mapiko. Kuti mupeze masamba obiriwira komanso obiriwira, pamafunika feteleza wa nayitrogeni m'deralo patatha sabata limodzi sabata iliyonse. Komabe, kuvala pamwamba kumatha kusokoneza maluwa akutali komanso owala. Ngati palibe chikhumbo chofuna kuthera nthawi kuti musankhe mbande, ndiye kuti mutha kudzala kapu ya turgeria yomweyo yodzazidwa ndi peat. Ndikokwanira kuthira mbewu zitatu mu chilichonse.
Tikufika ku Tunbergia poyera
Kubzala Thunderberg
Pambuyo pakuphuka kwa masika kuchira, mutha kutumiza mbande kumaluwa. Malo omwe akutsikira ayenera kukhala mumthunzi. Zojambula ziyenera kupewedwa. Nthaka yachonde yokhala ndi malo abwino okhala ndi malo okhala osasankhika osankhidwa ngati gawo lapansi. Asanabzala, malowo amakumbidwa, pomwe chimango chaching'ono chimawonjezeredwa kunthaka.
Momwe mungabzalire
Zina zosiyanasiyanazo za tunbergia ziyenera kubzalidwa patali kuchokera pa mzake, zomwe zimayenera kukhala zosachepera 30. Kotero kuti mphukira zamtsogolo zimatha kumamatira ndikutambasulira kumtunda, ma gror othandizira kapena waya adayikidwira m'deralo. Maluwa a tunbergia wobzala mbewu amapezeka patatha miyezi itatu atadula matako.
Kusamalira tumbria
Mbewuyi imadziwika kuti ndi maluwa okongoletsa osasinthika, motero ngakhale wosamalira maluwa osadziwa zambiri amatha kuthana ndi chisamaliro chake. Zimangofunika kuthirira panthawi yake, zomwe zimafunikira kuwonjezereka panthawi ya maluwa kuti tchire lisataye masamba kapena masamba kupanga. Ngati nthawi yachilimwe imakhala chilala chokhazikika, ndiye kuti ndibwino kupopera masamba a tunbergia madzulo. Kumayambiriro kwa kupanga budding, kuchuluka kwa umuna wa dothi kumachitika ndi zovuta zamtundu wa mchere. Zopepuka, zowonongeka zimayambira ndikuwonongeka kwama inflorescence ziyeneranso kuchotsedwa.
Thunbergia pambuyo maluwa
Kutoletsa mbewu
Maluwa atatsirizika, mabatani ambewu amapangika m'malo ophukira, omwe amayenera kusonkhanitsidwa munthawi yake popewa kudziphukira. Kenako, zomwe zalembedwazo zachotsedwa kwa iwo. Mbewu zouma bwino, ndikuthira m'mabokosi kapena m'matumba ndikusiyidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa chipinda chouma. Sungani zomera kwa zaka zingapo.
Kukonzekera chomera nthawi yachisanu
Ma Lianas omwe amakhala m'mabedi amaluwa ayenera kukumbidwa kumapeto kwa nyengo, chifukwa nthawi zambiri chimacho chimafa nthawi yachisanu. Komabe, ngati tunbergia idakula mu maluwa, ndiye kuti mu kugwa kudzakhala kokwanira kudula mphukira zake ndikusiya masamba ochepa okha. Malo omwe amacheka amakonzedwa ndi potaziyamu permanganate. Sungani maluwa m'malo abwino oti maluwawo adzadikire kuti kasupe afike. Boma lothirira madzi lachepetsedwa, koma tisaiwale kuti kuyanika dothi sikudzayambitsa chilichonse chabwino.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Nthawi zambiri, tchire la tunbergia kapena creepers amakhudzidwa ndi nthata za akangaude, scute kapena nsabwe. Kuthandizira zachilengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, mwachitsanzo, maellellic kapena phytoerm, amathandizira kuchotsa tizilombo. Kupuma kuyenera kuwonedwa pakati pa njirazi. Palibe mankhwala opitilira 4 amene amaloledwa. Pali milandu yodwala matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Fungicides amalimbana ndi vutoli. Matenda oyamba atayamba kuonekera, masamba odwala, ma inflorescence awonongedwa.
Nthawi zina ma banga amafanana ndi nkhungu pazomwe zimayimira, zomwe zimawonetsa kuthilira kwamadzi m'nthaka. Ngati pali masamba pang'ono pa mphukira, ndiye kuti dera lomwe limapangidwa ndi tunbergia silimayatsa.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya tunbergia
Oyimira achikhalidwe chachikulu ku Tunbergia akhoza kugawidwa kukhala zitsamba ndi mipesa. Pakati pa mipesa pali mitundu ingapo yotchuka:
Mapiko a tunbergia- imakhala ndi maluwa pakati pomwe pamakhala malo amdima. Maluwa amayamba m'mwezi wa Ogasiti. Zoweta zidaberekanso izi mu 1823. The mapiko tunbergia akuphatikiza:
- Tunbergia Susie, maluwa omwe ali amitundu yosiyanasiyana: oyera, lalanje kapena achikasu;
- Thunbergia terracotta. Itha kutulutsa maluwa pafupifupi nyengo yonse;
- Thunbergia Gregor ali ndi mitundu 15 yosiyanasiyana ya lalanje. Ngakhale kulibe khungu lakuda pakati pa masamba, duwa limawoneka labwino kwambiri.
Tunbergia wokhala ndi maluwa akulu - Ndiye chomera chokwera kwambiri, komwe makolo ake amadziwika kuti ndi India. Masamba ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira komanso m'mbali mwake. Mkati wawo wamkati umakhala pang'ono. Ma inflorescence amapaka utoto wamtambo kapena wofiirira ndipo amapangidwa kuchokera ku masamba, omwe amafika mpaka 8 cm.
Zonunkhira Thunbergia - Liana ili limamera ku Australia ndi Southeast Asia ndipo limatha kutalika pafupifupi mamita 6. Ili ndi dongosolo losiyana ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ndi masamba. Pamwambalala masamba amawoneka obiriwira, ndipo pansipa - kamvekedwe. Chingwe chikuwoneka pakati. Maluwa akuluakulu amatchedwa inflorescence, omwe amapezeka padera. Amakula ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 5cm, ali ndi mabrangen awiri ndikufalitsa fungo lamphamvu.
Tunbergia Battiscombe - Mitundu yosiyanitsidwa ndi masamba ambiri, maluwa abuluu. Ma petals amakutidwa ndi mauna owonekera.
Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yomwe ili pamwambapa paulimi wammunda, palinso ena: tsamba la laurel, kuzindikira, Misorene tunbergia. Zonsezi zimakhudzana ndi mipesa. Thunbergia mokhazikika, mwachilengedwe ndi Vogel ndi amtundu wa shrub.
