Kubzala mbewu za nkhaka pa mbande komanso panthaka Kubzala masiku kusamalira Matenda a nkhaka okhala ndi chithunzi

Chinsinsi cha kukolola bwino ndi kubzala mwachangu komanso moyenera nkhaka ndi njere pambewu ndi m'nthaka. Muphunzira malamulo ndi zinsinsi zaukadaulo waulimi kuchokera munkhaniyi.

Nthawi yodzala mbewu zamakaka pansi

Malo otseguka

• Ziphuphu zimabzalidwa poyera mu kasupe ndikutentha - nthaka iyenera kumawotha bwino nthawi yobzala (osachepera 14 ° C), mkati mwa njirayi ndi pambuyo pa Meyi 5-6. Pakati pakatikati ndi kumpoto kwenikweni, kukolola koyambirira, nkhaka zimabzalidwa kudzera mmera; kum'mwera zigawo, mbewu zimabzalidwa nthawi yomweyo. Mukakulitsa mbande, mutha kupeza mbewu masabata angapo m'mbuyomu.
• Osayesa kubzala mbewu za nkhaka panthaka poyambirira: izi sizingathandize kuti mbande zoyambazi, kuwonjezera apo, m'nthaka yozizira, makamaka mvula yamphamvu, mbewu za nkhaka ziwonongeka ndikucha. Ndipo ngati akwera, ndiye kuti sanachedwe kutentha.

Kuzizira ndi kutentha kwanyengo

• Mutha kukonzekera wowonjezera kutentha ndi kumuphimba ndi filimu kapena galasi. Tadzaza mu wowonjezera kutentha adzalola kufesa nkhaka pamunda wokhazikitsidwa kale mu Marichi-Epulo, kutengera nyengo nyengo yanu.
• Kukhazikika pabedi lofunda kumapangitsa kuti nkhaka zibzalidwe mu wowonjezera kutentha ngakhale chisanu chokhazikika chimatsikira mpaka -3 ° С, komabe, zidzakhala zofunikira kutenthetsa manyowa oyikidwa bwino kuti "asunge moto" ndikuwonjezera kutentha kofunikira.

Madeti obzala mbewu za nkhaka za mbande

Nthanga za nkhaka zibzalidwe masiku 27-30 zisanachitike kumuyika kumalo okhazikika: mu wowonjezera kutentha, wowonjezera kutentha kapena malo otseguka.

• Mbande zamatenthedwe otentha zobzalidwa mu February.
• Kuti mubzale mu wowonjezera kutentha osaphatikizidwa kumayambiriro kwa Epulo, muyenera kubzala nkhaka za mbande muzaka khumi zoyambirira za Marichi.
• Kubzala mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha kumapeto kwa Epulo, timabzala mbewu mchaka chachiwiri cha March.
• Kubzala m'nthaka kumayambiriro kwa m'ma Meyi, timabzala mbewu za nkhaka mbande zoyambira khumi kapena ziwiri za Epulo.

Kukonzekera malo obzala nkhaka

Momwe angakonzekeretse malo kudzala nkhaka

Kusankha kwampando

Kuti mupewe zokolola zabwino, sankhani malo okhala ndi dzuwa ndi chitetezo kuchokera kumphepo yakumpoto kulima nkhaka. Kuyika koyenera kuzungulira kuzungulira kwa malowo omwe ali ndi mbewu zazitali (mpendadzuwa, mbatata, nyemba) - zimathandizira kupanga mainclimate.

Dothi

Pafupifupi dothi lililonse lingachite, koma liyenera kutayidwa ndikukupumira. Nkhaka imakula bwino pamtundu wowala, wokhala ndi humus. Mutha kuonjezera phindu la dothi pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza monga organic: humus kapena kompositi.

Konzani malowa posachedwa. Ndikofunikira kukumba fosholo pakuya kwa bayonet ndikupanga feteleza wachilengedwe, onjezani superphosphate pang'ono ndi phulusa.

Zotsogola

Ndikofunika kuti musinthe malo a nkhaka zaka zisanu zilizonse. Zomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri ndi izi: mbatata zoyambirira, phwetekere, nandolo, chimanga.

Kukonzekera kwa ridge

Timakonzanso zitunda tisanabzale mbewu kapena kubzala mbande. Kutalika kwa mabedi kuyenera kukhala 20-25 cm. Ngati dothi latha, mulingo wofanana, onjezerani malo okhala, peat, humus, utuchi.

Momwe mungapangire tizilombo toyambitsa dothi musanadzalemo nkhaka

Kuti muchotsere tizilombo toyamwa, viyani dothi ndi yankho la sulfate yamkuwa: malita 10 a madzi otentha (80-90 ° C) 1 tsp. ufa. Pa 1 m², onjezani 3 l matope. Chokani kwa tsiku limodzi, kenako kubzala kapena kubzala mbande.

Momwe mungasankhire mbewu zoyenera kubzala nkhaka

Momwe mungasankhire nkhaka mukubzala

Mbewu ndizovuta kupatula zokha; palinso mitundu yambiri yogulitsidwa. Ngati phukusi lilibe chidziwitso cha cholinga cha mitunduyo, yang'anani chithunzichi: nkhaka zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano zimakutidwa ndi ziphuphu zoyera, chifukwa cha kumalongeza - kumada. Sungani mbewu zosaposa zaka ziwiri.

Momwe mungayang'anire mtundu wa mbewu:

• Ikani njerezo muchidebe chamadzi ofunda - mbewu zotsika kwambiri zimayandama pamwamba, pofesa mbewu zokha zomwe zamira pansi.

Momwe mungakonzekere nthangala za nkhaka kuti mubzale

Kaya pakufunika kuti zilowerere nyemba za nkhaka musanabzale, wolima amasankha yekha: nkhaka zimere bwino m'nthaka yabwino ngakhale musanakonzekere. Koma ngati mukufuna kupambana masiku angapo ndikubzala mbewu msanga, mutha kuyimilira komanso kuumitsa mbewu.

Momwe munganyowetse mbewu za nkhaka musanabzale:

• Ikani mbewuyo kwa mphindi zochepa mu njira yofooka ya pinki ya potaziyamu: izi zimawapangitsa kuti asadwale matenda, kenako onetsetsani kuti mumatsuka.
• Pukutani, ndiye gwiritsitsani kwa maola angapo pa kutentha kwa 60 ° C - izi zimathandizira kuyambika kwa zipatso.
• Momwe mungakonzere mbeu za nkhaka musanadzalemo: Ikani njereyo m'thumba la minofu (chidebe ndi choyenera) ndikuyika kwa pafupifupi maola 12 motere: supuni 1 pa lita imodzi yamadzi. nitrophoski ndikusesa phulusa. Kenako muzimutsuka ndi madzi oyera. Mutha kungogwira nthangala za nkhaka pa chonyowa yopyapyala chothiritsidwa mu njira yothamangitsira chophukacho: zotsatira zake sizingakhale zoyipa.
• Momwe tingamere mbeu za nkhaka musanabzale: ikani njerezo pansalu yonyowa ndi kuigwira pa +20 ° C kotero kuti yatupa bwino. Mbewu sizimera, koma kumaswa pang'ono.
• Kenako limbitsani nyemba za nkhaka musanabzale: zigwireni m'chigawo chamasamba cha firiji kwa tsiku limodzi ndikuzibzala mosamala kuti zisawononge.

Mbeu zosakanizidwa sizifunika kukonzedwa.

Kubzala mbewu zamatcheri panthaka

Momwe mungabzala nkhaka pansi chithunzi

• Kufesa mbewu panthaka ndikulimbikitsidwa pamayendedwe atatu: motere mutha kuthana ndi nyengo yozizira (kuphimba zitunda ndi zojambulazo ngati chisanu chikuyembekezeredwa) ndikupanga zipatso nthawi zosiyanasiyana.
• Amabzala nthangala ndimatchuthi kumayambiriro kwa kutentha kwenikweni (chakumapeto kwa Epulo) nyengo yachilimwe isanayambike, koma dziwani kuti kutentha kwa chilimwe kungathe kuwononga mphukira ngati dothi luma.

Zingwe zakonzeka. Pangani mabowo kapena mizere, kutayira ndi madzi.

Kuzama kwa kubzala mbewu zamakaka ndi mtunda pakati pawo

• Limbitsani mbeu ndi masentimita awiri, sungani mtunda wozungulira masentimita 6-8, pakati pa mizere ya 60-80 cm.
• Mutha kuyika nthongo za 4-6-8 mu dzenje limodzi, kusiya masentimita 60-80 pakati pa mabowo.
• Mutabzala lokwera, ndikofunika kuti mulch ndi wochepa thupi wosanjikiza wa humus.
• Pafupifupi 10 g ya mbewu idzafunika pa 10 m².
• Mbewu zikaoneka, muzionda, ndikusiya masamba amphamvu kwambiri patali pafupifupi 10-15 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.

Kubzala kokhazikika kwa nkhaka sikumachepetsa zokolola, koma kumangowongoletsa kukula kwa zokolola: zikwapu ndizodzaza malo omwe zidalipo, zophimba nthaka, ndikupanga mawonekedwe abwino, chinyontho chimasungidwa pansi pamasamba, nkhaka sizimakumana ndi nkhawa chifukwa chakuchulukitsa dzuwa dzuwa lotentha munthawi yothirira nthawi yake.

Zoyipa za njirayi zitha kutchedwa zovuta kukolola, ndizofunikira kungosiyani mizere yopingasa pakati pa mizere m'mizere iwiri kuti athe kupeza mosavuta.

Momwe mungatetezere nkhaka ku kutentha

M'madera okhala ndi chilimwe chotentha kwambiri, ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala kubzala chimanga cham'mbuyo pakati pa zitango zam'munda: chabzalani zambiri, pambuyo 20-30 cm, kupanga "mpanda" wowonda. Yambirani zitunda kuti dzuwa ladzuwa litulutse mthunzi wautali kwambiri kuchokera ku "mpanda wamoyo".

Kukanikiza nkhaka kuti uchulukitse zipatso

Popewa kuti mimbayo ikhale yayitali kwambiri, ndipo chitsamba chilichonse cha nkhaka chizikhala cholumikizana komanso chamikwingwirima cham'mbali, tsinani malo okula apamwamba pamwamba pa tsamba la 5-6.

Njira yosavuta yobzala nkhaka poyera kanema:

Kubzala nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi mbewu

Konzani wowonjezera kutentha pasadakhale: kukumba bedi ndi kumuthira manyowa, kumasula dziko lapansi ndi lingwe, kuyang'anitsa mabere m'mphepete mwa wowonjezera kutentha. Phimbani zingwezo ndi zojambulazo, kanikizani mwamphamvu ndi miyala kapena njerwa. Dziko lapansi litenthe. Pakatha sabata, yang'anani: kubaya pansi ndi dzanja lanu, ngati kwatenthedwa ndi kutalika kwa kanjedza, omasuka kufesa.

Kubzala nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi mbewu

• Kuzama kwa kuphatikizira 2 cm.
• Pangani kapena kuzungulira mabowo ndi mbewu zisanu ndi zisanu ndi imodzi zakugawana bwino (mtunda pakati pa mabowo 60-80 cm)
• Kapena mizere 60-80 masentimita, mtunda pakati pa njere mu mzere wa 6-8 cm.
• Mbewu zikamera, timachepetsa mbewuzo m'mizere mpaka 10 cm pakati pa mbewu.

Mutabzala mbewu, malo obiriwira amathiriridwa mopepuka ndi madzi ofunda (ngakhale otentha) ndipo ophimbidwa mwachangu ndi filimu. Yang'anirani nyengo komanso kutentha kwadzuwa, onetsetsani kuti mwatsegulira pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kapena mbewu zonse kuti zisatenthe: kutentha chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri kumachedwetsa zipatso. Ndi kutentha kwambiri, mbewu zitha kufa pansi, osaphuka.

Kubzala mbewu za nkhaka mbande kunyumba

Nkhaka kubzala mbewu za mbande chithunzi

Bzalani mbeu ya nkhaka za mbande m'mwezi wa March-Epulo (chifukwa cha kutentha makhwawa - mu February).

Nutrient nthaka osakaniza zofunika:

• Pazigawo ziwiri za peat ndi humus, gawo limodzi la tchipisi tating'ono, onjezani 2 tbsp. l phulusa lamatabwa ndi 1.5 tbsp. l nitrofoski.
• Sakanizani zonse zofunika.

Kubzala:

• Bzalani nyemba m'makapu apaseti kuti musakodzetsere mbewu pambuyo pake. Ngati mumabzala m'makhaseti ang'onoang'ono, ndiye kuti musunthire ku makapu akuluakulu mbewuzo zikadzaza.
• Limbitsani mbeu ndi 1 cm, nyowetsani nthaka, kuphimba mbewu ndi filimu.
• Kuwala kumafunikira owala koma osakanikirana, sungani kutentha kwa mpweya. Posachedwa masana, kuwunikira kowonjezereka kumafunikira.
• Ndi kubwera kwa mphukira, chotsani pogona.
• Masamba awiri akapangidwa, idyetsani: sungunulani 1 tsp 1 lita imodzi ya madzi ofunda. nitrofoski kapena nitroammofoski.
• Thirirani mbande kamodzi pa sabata, kunyowetsa nthaka yonse m'mapapu, kukhetsa madzi owonjezera poto.
• Musanabzale panthaka, pang'onopang'ono muzolowera mpweya wabwino - mutulowe mu munda kwa maola angapo.

Mbande izikhala okonzeka bwino m'masiku 27-30.

Kubzala mbewu za nkhaka pa vidiyo ya mbande:

Momwe mungabzalire mbande za nkhaka m'nthaka

• Thirirani mbewu bwino tsiku lisanagwe.
• Sankhani tsiku lotentha bwino.
• Chotsani galasi mosamala kuchokera ku dothi lakunyumba, osaphwanya umphumphu wake.
• Dzutsani mizu mu dothi, ndikumwaza dothi lozungulira dothi losakanizidwa, pang'onopang'ono ndikani zala zanu. Kuti mbewu zisasokonezane, sungani mtunda pakati pawo wamtali wa 10-15. Madzi.

Kubzala mbande za nkhaka poyera kanema:

Kubzala mbande zamkaka mu video yanyengo:

Momwe mungasamalire nkhaka

Kuletsa ndi kumasula nthaka

Zomera zimafunika kupereka chisamaliro mosamala. Nthawi zonse yeretsani mabedi a udzu. Mumasuleni dothi pafupipafupi mutathirira, ndikukula ndikukula kwa masentimita 3-4. Musamale kuti musawononge mizu ndi mikwingwirima.

Kuthirira

Nkhaka ndi hygrophilous. Thirirani madzi nthawi zonse. Kuchokera pakusowa chinyezi, kukoma kwa zakudimba kukuchepa, kuwawa kumawonekera. Masamba akuda, akugwa. Ndi bwino kuthirira m'mawa kapena nthawi yamadzulo, dzuwa litakhala kuti silikuyenda. Osapopera ndi madzi ozizira kapena ndege yayikulu kuchokera paipi. Muyenera kuthirira nthaka, osati zomerazo. Nthawi zambiri kuthirira kumadalira nyengo. Pafupifupi, muyenera kuthirira masiku onse atatu, nthawi yopanga zipatso muchite izi pafupipafupi: Madzulo aliwonse kapena m'mawa. Madziwo akapanda kuyenda bwino, pangani pitchoni pakati pa mizere.

Tsina

Pamene tsamba la 5-6 limakula, muyenera kutsina kuwombera kwakukulu - izi zimathandizira kulimbitsa mizu ndikukula mwachangu mbali zophukira.

Hill

Pofuna kupewa matenda oyamba ndi fungus ndikukhazikika pakatikati pa mizu, tchire liyenera kuthiridwa kangapo munyengo.

Momwe mungadyere nkhaka

Mu wowonjezera kutentha

Mukakulitsa wowonjezera kutentha, ndikofunikira kudyetsa kasanu pa nyengo (feteleza kapena michere). Chovala choyamba chimachitika ndi kuyamba kwa maluwa, ndiye - monga kukula ndi zipatso. Pakudya koyamba, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito yankho: tengani malita 10 a madzi, onjezerani 1 tsp. urea, superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulphate, onjezerani kapu imodzi 1 mullein mushes (m'malo mwake mutha kuwonjezera 1 tbsp.

Poyera

Ndikofunika kudyetsa nkhaka zomwe zimamera pamalo otseguka katatu nthawi imodzi. Zopangira michere zomwe zimakhala ndi phosphorous, potaziyamu, nayitrogeni ndizoyenera kwambiri. Ikani kuvala koyamba pomwe timapepala timatulutsa, chachiwiri - ndi kuyamba kwa zipatso, ndiye - munthawi ya zipatso.

Za feteleza, sankhani tsiku lotentha, lowonekera bwino kotero kuti michereyo igwiritsidwe bwino.

Sungani zipatso pafupipafupi (tsiku lililonse) kuti zisatulutse, ndipo chitsamba chimapitilabe kubala zipatso bwino. Sungani nkhaka pamalo abwino.

Udzu wamphamvu

Kuvala bwino kwambiri pamtunda kumapezeka kuchokera ku udzu wowotcha: sankhani namsongole wobiriwira wopanda mbewu, kuyikamo chidebe ndikudzaza madzi, lolani kuti pakhale sabata limodzi ndi kutsanulira madzi okwanira 1 litre ndi yankho pansi pa mbewu motere.

Matenda a nkhaka: momwe ungapoperare ndi kuchitira

Ndikofunika kuyang'ana njira za kubzala zaulimi, kuonetsetsa kuthirira koyenera ndi kugwedezeka, ndipo m'malo obiriwira - mpweya, ndiye kuti mbewuyo ikhale yabwino, ndipo matenda ndi tizilombo toononga sizisokoneza.

Kladosporioz pamasamba a nkhaka chithunzi matenda a nkhaka

Cladosporiosis - matenda ofala kwambiri. Wothandizirana ndi causative ndi fungus yomwe imayambitsa chinyezi chachikulu komanso kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha.

Cladosporiosis pa zipatso za nkhaka chithunzi matenda a nkhaka

Masamba a chomera, nkhaka zazing'ono zimaphimbidwa ndi mawanga akuda ndi utoto wonyezimira, zipatso zimapindika. Ndikofunikira kupopera ndi mankhwala okhala ndi benzimidazole.

Powdery mildew pa nkhaka chithunzi nkhaka matenda

Powdery mildew - matenda fungal pomwe masamba masamba yokutidwa ndi zokutira oyera. Chotsani madera omwe akhudzidwa, vomerezani ndi yankho la sulufule ya colloidal.

White zowola pamakaka chithunzi matenda a nkhaka

Zola zowola - mbali zonse za mbewu zimakutidwa ndi duwa loyera, ndiye kuti kuvunda kumayamba. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chazama kwambiri ndi mpweya ndi dothi, mpweya wabwino - ngati pali dothi lapansi, musakuthinitse zobzala. Madera owonongeka ayenera kuchotsedwa, kuwaza chomera ndi laimu-fluff.

Muzu kuzika pamachaka matenda a nkhaka

Zovunda - kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, pamakhala malo otuwa, omwe amafalikira mopitilira. Izi zimachitika ndi chinyezi chambiri. Thirani madera omwe akukhudzidwa ndi choko kapena phulusa. Mbewu ikafa, iyenera kutayidwa, gwiritsani ntchito dzenjelo ndi yankho la mkuwa wamkuwa.

Virus of masamba masamba pamakaka chithunzi matenda nkhaka

Tsamba la Mose - Masamba amatundidwa ndi mawanga obiriwira kapena mtundu wobiriwira wakuda, mawonekedwe awo amawundana. Madontho ndi kutupa zimakhudzanso chipatso. Matendawa amawonekera ngati mbewu sizinakonzedwe usanabzalidwe, namsongole amathandizira pa izi. Zomera zodwala ziyenera kutayidwa. Thira dothi ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate.

Maolivi ojambula - zipatso zimakutidwa ndi zilonda zofiirira. Izi zimachitika ndikathilira ndi madzi ozizira, chifukwa chinyezi zambiri, kuchokera kukakonzekera. Kwa masiku 5, siyani kuthirira. Chitani ndi 1% Bordeaux madzimadzi.

Bactering wilting of nkhaka chithunzi matenda nkhaka

Bakiteriya ofuna - Zomera zimafota ndipo ziuma mofulumira kwambiri.Usiku, turgor imatha kubwezeretsedwanso, koma masana masamba ndi mphukira kufota, posachedwa amafa. Matendawa amayambitsidwa ndi chotupa cha bakiteriya. Dulani nkhomaliro: ngati muwona mawonekedwe oyera pamadulidwe, izi ndizowonekeratu kuti ndi mabakiteriya oyamba. Palibe mankhwala ochiritsira matendawa, muyenera kuwononga mbewu zonse zomwe zakhudzidwa (kuwotcha) ndi kuwaza tirigu wophika omwe anayikidwa ndi carbaryl m'derali - izi zikuthandizira kuwononga kachilomboka ka vector a matenda oopsawa. Zitatha kubwezeretsa nkhaka kumalo omwewo pokhapokha zaka zitatu.

Tizilombo ta nkhaka

Nthawi zambiri, tizirombo timavutika tikakula mu greenhouse, greenhouse.

Pakati pawo: kangaude wa mbewa, melon aphid, woyera. Poyamba kuzindikiridwa kwa tizilombo, mwachangu chitani mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ngati nthawi yodikirayi ilola. Ngati nkhaka zibala kale zipatso, muyenera kuthana ndi tizirombo pamanja: kubudula ndi kuwotcha masamba omwe akhudzidwa, gwiritsani ntchito sopo.