Begonia ndi chomera chomwe chimamasula osati mchilimwe, komanso nthawi yozizira. Ndi chomera chamtundu wonse wa herbaceous (mpaka 3 cm kutalika) ndi chitsamba chokulirapo, chofunda. Mitundu yokongoletsera komanso yowola ili ndi masamba okongola kwambiri, ophatikizika amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mithunzi yobiriwira. Chomera chimatha kukhala ndi tsamba limodzi lalikulu kapena lalikulu. Komanso, maluwa awo sakhala akuwonekera komanso ang'ono.
Mbali yodziwika ndi mawonekedwe a pepalalo, mbali imodzi nthawi zonse imakhala yaying'ono kuposa yachiwiri. Kufalikira begonias, m'malo mwake, kumakhala ndi maluwa akulu, owala bwino omwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya utoto. Mwapangidwe, amatha kukhala wamba komanso oterera, ofanana ndi maluwa. Chifukwa cha mitanda yosiyanasiyana, masiku ano unyinji wamitundu ya kukongola uku umadziwika.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya begonias
Wopemphapatsa mtima - ilibe tsinde, ndipo masamba amakula mwachindunji kuchokera pachifungo cha miyendo yayitali. Kufalikira pogawa tsamba ndi kudulidwa. Mtunduwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa sill sill ndi khonde (loggias). Mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri pali awa:
Royal begonia masamba amafika 30 cm kutalika (mphukira zachikulire), wooneka wamtima, wopanda mawonekedwe, ali ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka, opindika, ofiira, abulauni komanso obiriwira. Maluwa amachotsedwa pachomera ichi, ndi ochepa komanso kupezeka kwawo kumachepetsa kukula kwa masamba, ndipo ndiwo masamba omwe amawonekera kwambiri amtunduwu.
Masoniana kapena Mason begonia pachinsalu chowoneka bwino chobiriwira, mawonekedwe amtundu wobiriwira amakokedwa mumtanda wokhala ndi mikono isanu. Zikuwoneka zachilendo kwambiri. Kutalika kwa masamba ndi pafupifupi 15-20 cm.
Metallica kapena chitsulo begonia nthambi zamtunduwu zimafikira mita imodzi ndi theka. Zimayambira ndimafiyira, ndipo masamba (masentimita 10-15) ndi obiriwira amdima okhala ndi mitsempha yofiyira ndi sheen wachitsulo. Chimakula chaka chonse, koma makamaka muchilimwe ndi masika.
Begonia carolina - chomera kifupi chokhala ndi maluwa owala a pinki, limamasula mochedwa.
Hogweed begonia ili ndi tsinde la pinki komanso lalikulu lakuthwa, lokhala ngati chala, zobiriwira ndi mitsempha yowala, masamba. Kukumbukira masamba obowoka.
Cuff begonia - ili ndi tsinde lokutidwa ndi tsitsi lofiira. Masamba ndi akulu ndi m'mbali mwake. Zomera zimafikira mita kutalika.
Tiger begonia - chomera chocheperako ngati chitsamba (20-25 cm). Masamba ndi ang'ono, obiriwira akuda okhala ndi mawanga owala.
Kalonga wakuda wa Begonia masamba a mawonekedwe osazungulira okhala ndi velvet. Amakhala ndi zobiriwira zakuda pafupifupi mtundu wakuda.
Bush begonia - ili ndi tsinde lopindika, loti lingaliro la thunthu la bamboo. Kuberekanso kumachitika ndikudula, mbewu ndi mphukira (kuchokera pamwamba). Maluwa oterowo ndi oyenera kulima nyumba, chifukwa amabzala bwino m'nyumba. Mitundu ina:
Begonia ikutulutsa maluwa nthawi zonse - imakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yotuwa, yomwe idatchuka nayo. Ili ndi pepala labwino, wobiriwira kapena pabuka. Maluwa ndi ang'ono: oyera, ofiira komanso apinki tint. Itha kufalikira kuchokera ku mbewu ndikukula zonse m'mundamo komanso kunyumba. Indoor begonia ikhoza kusangalatsa makamu ake ndi maluwa pafupifupi chaka chonse. Nthawi ndi nthawi, imasinthidwa ndi njira yodulira (zaka zitatu zilizonse), popeza pakapita nthawi imayamba kukopa.
Begonia ofiira - Chomera chachikulu chokhala ndi ma inflorescence ofiira ofiira omwe amapanga timabowo tambiri. Masamba ndi osalala, osalala, owumbika bwino.
Coral begonia - mawonekedwe akuluakulu, amasamba masentimita 10-15, ali ndi mawanga oyera. Maluwa ndi ofiira owala.
Fuchsia begonia zimasiyana ndi zina zazing'ono, masamba okongoletsa ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono omwe akukangika mwa mawere. Maluwa ndi ofiira owala. Limamasula kuyambira Disembala mpaka Machi.
Tuber begonia - Kukongoletsa koyenera kwaminda yanyumba, minda ndi mapaki. Limamasamba kuyambira mwezi wa June mpaka Okutobala, ndipo mu malo omata otsekemera (minda yozizira, masamba obiriwira) mpaka woyamba kuzizira. Sakonda kukongoletsa ndi mphepo zamkuntho, komanso amawopa kuyatsidwa mwachindunji.
Amasiyana ndi mamembala ena am'banja pokhapokha pali chifuwa chachikulu cha nthangala, pomwe timatanda tambiri timene timamera timayambira timiyeso tomwe timakhala ndi mtima wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owuluka pang'ono. Kukula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mutha kukumana ndi mitundu ili:
Ampel begonia imakhala ndi maluwa opindika komanso nthambi zabwino, zophukira pang'ono. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe okongoletsa nyumba zosiyanasiyana zoyimitsidwa.
Ampel begonia ili ndi mwayi wopitilira maluwa ena mosalekeza. Imapachikidwa mumphika wamphika, pomwe unyinji wa inflorescence umapachika bwino kuti ukhale phesi 20-25 cm. Zimachitika zoyera, rasipiberi, lalanje, chikasu, ndipo nthawi zina mitundu yayitali.
Chachikulu-maluwa-begonia m'mimba mwake wamaluwa amafika 25 cm.
Pakati pa begonias wam'munda ndi kunyumba, pali mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pongotulutsa maluwa, mwachitsanzo, begonia elatior. Mtundu wosakanizira wa tuber uli ndi mphukira zosawoneka bwino za ubweya wofiirira, womwe umafunikira thandizo lina. Zoyera, zapinki, lalanje, zachikasu, zofiira komanso mithunzi yawo yosiyanasiyana (nthawi zambiri mamiyidwe awiri), inflorescence (6-7 masentimita) pachimake nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Masamba okhala ndi glossy pamtunda, wozungulira. Chitsamba chimafika 30-30 cm.
Begonia lorrain kutalika kwa chitsamba pafupifupi theka la mita. Masamba obiriwira amadzaza m'mphepete mwake (masentimita 7-10). Maluwa: oyera, ofiira komanso ofiira.
Crisp Begonia Chikhalidwe cha duwa lokhazikika chonchi ndi maluwa osachedwa kupindika, oyera ndi malire a pinki komanso mawonekedwe achikasu achikasu.
Chisamaliro chakunyumba
Zomera ndizithunzi zambiri, makamaka mitundu yotulutsa maluwa imafunikira kuwala. Koma kuyatsidwa mwachindunji kwa dzuwa kuyenera kupewedwa, apo ayi pamakhala kuwotcha masamba.
Chifukwa chake, amayenera kumetedwa mumsewu, ndikuwonetsedwa mu chipinda chakum'mawa kapena kumadzulo kwa mawindo, komanso masiku otentha a chilimwe kubisala mwakuya mchipindacho, kapena kuteteza windows ndi pepala kapena filimu yapadera. Nthawi ndi nthawi, sinthani mphika, ndikusintha mbali za kuyatsa kwamaluwa. Kutonthoza kumatha kutchedwa kutentha kwa 20-24 ° C M'chilimwe ndipo osatsika ndi 15 ° C.
Kuthirira begonias
Popeza begonia ndi chomera chotentha mwachilengedwe, imakonda chinyezi chambiri. Simungathe kupopera masamba, apo ayi ayamba kuwonongeka (atakutidwa ndi mawanga a bulauni). Chifukwa chake, ngati mbewuyo ilibe chinyezi chokwanira (mwachitsanzo, nyengo yotentha), ikani pachiwopsezo chachikulu ndi kuyikamo madzi (kuti isakhudze pansi pamphika) ndikuthira dongo pang'ono pamenepo. Kutembenuka, madziwo amapereka chinyezi chofunikira kuzungulira duwa.
Kutsirira ndikofunikira, ndi madzi okhazikika, koma osaloleza kuti madzi achepetse poto. Ulamuliro wothirira umayendetsedwa kuchokera nyengo, atangouma pamwamba (1.5-2 cm) - madzi. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo mitundu yamitundu yambiri yomwe imagwera mu hibernation sichimamwa konse, koma imayikidwa mu peat.
Feteleza kwa begonias
Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika kamodzi pa sabata pa nthawi ya maluwa. Feteleza wolemera wa nayitrogeni amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira zipatso zapakhomo, chifukwa zimathandizira kuti masamba akule koma amachepetsa maluwa.
Kugawa Begonia kunyumba
Kuthilira kumachitika ngati nkofunikira, mwachitsanzo, ngati duwa ladzaza mumphika, likhoza kusunthidwa kupita lina lalikulu. Nthawi yabwino yosintha ndikuyamba kwa kasupe.
Chomera chimatengedwa mumphika, chimamasulidwa mosamala kuchokera ku dziko lakale (cholakwitsa chachikulu kusamutsira dalalo mumphika watsopano ndi nthaka yakale ndikuwaza ndi watsopano). Chisamaliro chiyenera kuonedwa kuti chisavulaze mizu ndi zimayambira. Kuti muchotse mchenga, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yothetsera potaziyamu permanganate, ndikugwetsa mizu pamenepo kwa mphindi zingapo.
Pambuyo pake, zofooka zimadziwika (ngati pali zowola, ndiye kuti ziyenera kudulidwa). Chomera choyeretsedwa chimayikidwa gawo lapansi latsopano. Kuthirira pambuyo pakuwonjezera kumachitika pafupipafupi. Dziko lapansi silinatsanulidwe kumtunda, ndikofunikira kuyembekezera mpaka mizu ili youma, kenako ndikukwera pamwamba.
Osangoyika chomera chakudzu mwachindunji padzuwa (duwa limafunikira nthawi, pafupifupi mwezi kuti lisinthe). Kuphatikiza apo, begonias amakonzedwa pang'ono kuti apange korona watsopano, watsopano.
Nthaka ya Begonia
Dothi - lilibe zofunika zapadera. Mutha kuzigula kumalo ogulitsira maluwa kapena kuphika nokha. Pansi, mchenga pang'ono umayalidwa, ndiye kuti potoyo imadzazidwa ndi dothi lamasamba ochepa ndipo osakaniza peat ndi chernozem amawonjezeredwa (1: 1). Ngati dothi lakonzedwa bwino, begonia imakondweretsa diso ndikukula kwakukulu komanso maluwa, mitunduyo imakhala yodzala, masamba amakhala owoneka bwino komanso athanzi, ndipo thunthu limakhala lokwanira komanso lolimba.
Begonia tuber yosungirako nthawi yozizira
Chisanu chikangolowa, kukolola kwa tuber begonia kumayamba kusungidwa. Kuti muchite izi, gawo kumtunda limadulidwa, ndikungotsala masentimita 3-4 okha. Amakumba popanda kuchotsera mizu pansi, ndikukulungani m'mabokosi osungira.
Pamene tubers ziuma, chotsani zotsalira za mphukira ndikufalitsa pansi mozungulira iwo ndi peat. Kusungira malo owuma, amdima, pamtunda wosazungulira 10 ° C. Ponena za mitundu yamaluwa yomwe imaphukira nthawi imeneyi, nyengo yachisanu sichimawonedwa.
Kufalikira kwa masamba a Begonia
Mukamafalitsa ndikudula masamba, tsamba lolimba kwambiri komanso laumoyo limasankhidwa ndikudulidwa m'malo angapo m'mitsempha, kuti fanizo lililonse limakhala ndi mitsempha iwiri. Kenako zimayikidwa pansi pamchenga wonyowa, ndikufundidwa ndi filimu kapena thumba la pulasitiki. Mchenga uyenera kuthiridwa nthawi ndi nthawi.
Masamba achichepere akatuluka, pang'onopang'ono muzolowera chomera kuti chikhale ndi mpweya, tsegulani kwa mphindi 10-15 ndikutseka ndikutseka, ndikukulitsa nthawi tsiku lililonse.
Kufalikira kwa begonias ndi mapulani odula
Njira iyi ndi yoyenera kwa mtundu uliwonse wa begonia wokhala ndi tsinde. Kuti muchite izi, dulani phesi labwino kwambiri la 7-8 masentimita ndi masamba 2-3, otsikayo ayenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo okwera kumtunda ayenera kudulidwa pakati. Ikani odulidwa, othandizidwa ndi makala.
Mumphika wokonzedwa, ndi chisakanizo cha mchenga ndi dothi la begonias (1: 1), ponyani phesilo mu dzenje lomwe kale limapangidwa ndi ndodo, ndikukuzira masamba. Phimbani ndi botolo la pulasitiki lodulidwa. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, timapepala tatsopano tidzaoneka. Pang'onopang'ono dzazani mbewuyo pamlengalenga. Maluwa adzayamba miyezi ingapo.
Kufalitsa kwa Begonia pogawa chitsamba
Begonias yomwe ikukula mchitsamba imatha kufalitsa ma genizomes. Kuti muchite izi, chotsani mbewuyo m'nthaka, nyowetsani mizu ingapo m'madzi, kenako gawanani mosinthana ndi zigawo kuti aliyense akhale ndi impso kapena mphukira. Zowonjezera, masamba owuma ndi inflorescence zimachotsedwa, ndipo malo odulidwa amathandizidwa ndi malasha. Mmera m'miphika ndi madzi.
Mbewu begonia
Osati njira yotchuka kwambiri, chifukwa si mbewu zonse zomwe zimamera kapena ndizothandiza, komabe zimagwiritsa ntchito. Mbewu zofesedwa mu gawo lapansi lokonzekera osagona pansi, ndikuwazidwa ndikuphimbidwa ndi filimu kapena galasi (nthawi zina ajar, kupewa madzi). Pambuyo pakupatulira, dikirani mpaka mphukira zikhale zamphamvu ndikuziika m'miphika yosiyana.
Kufalikira kwa begonia wa tubria
Mu nthawi yophukira, masamba a begonia amawudulira, tubers amachotsedwa pansi ndikutsukidwa pansi ndikuuma. Mu February-Meyi, tubers amadulidwa m'magawo angapo (awiri, atatu), koma kuti aliyense ali ndi mizu ndipo amatulutsa.
Mbali yodutsayo imakonkhedwa ndi makala ndikuyika peat (osayikidwa mozama, gawo laling'ono liyenera kukhala pamwambapa), kuonetsetsa kuti silikuuma. Kutentha sikuyenera kutsika (10-12 ° C). Njira ya kumera ndiyosachedwa, muyenera kukhala oleza mtima.
Begonia tizirombo ndi matenda
- Kangaude wofiyira - The majeremusi ofala kwambiri omwe amakhudza begonia. Amapangidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
- Powdery mildew - matenda oyamba ndi fungus obwera chifukwa cha chinyezi chambiri pafupi ndi mizu. Maonekedwe a zowola pamunsi pa thunthu kapena pamasamba otsika. Ngati mwazindikira, chotsani masamba omwe akhudzidwa ndikuchepetsa kuthirira. Chifukwa chake, kuletsa kufalikira kwa matendawa.
- Begonia sikumera pazifukwa zambiri, makamaka chifukwa chophwanya malamulo a chisamaliro: kuyatsa kosakwanira, chinyezi chochepa, kusintha kwa kutentha, kusanja, kuchuluka kwa feteleza. Ngati mutsatira malangizowo posamalira begonias, ndiye kuti vutoli silimabuka.
- Mapepala amagwa chifukwa chophwanya njira yothirira komanso cholakwika cholakwika ndi kuyatsa (kusakwanira kapena kupitirira). Chifukwa china chingakhale kusowa kwa feteleza, ayenera kudyetsedwa.
- Masamba amasanduka achikasu chifukwa chinyezi chochepa kapena kuchepa kwa nthaka. Tizirombo tating'onoting'ono tadzazidwa ndi mizu (kulowetsa dothi kungathandize, mutayeretsa kale mizu panjira ndi potaziyamu permanganate).
- Masamba a Begonia amasandulika akuda, sangathe kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndipo osaloleza kuti madzi agwere pamasamba ndi poyimira nthawi yothirira, mwinanso amayamba kuwonerera. Masamba a bulauni ndi brittle amawonetsa kusowa chinyezi komanso kutentha kwa mpweya.
- Zomera zimatulutsidwangati alibe kuwala komanso kusowa kwa michere m'nthaka.
- Masamba opindika - Kutentha kwambiri.
- Mtoto wa tsambazikuwonetsa kuwala kosakwanira.
- Kutentha kochepa komanso chinyezi kwambiri, nkhungu imatha kuwoneka pamwamba pa pepalalo, zomwe zikuwonetsa kugonjetsedwa kwa imvi zowola. Masamba awa ayenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo chomeracho chokha chimachiritsidwa ndi fung fung.
- Ngati nsonga zamasamba zimasanduka zofiirira ndipo idayamba kugwa, kenako duwa limasowa kuthirira ndi chinyezi.
