Adyo wamtchire, ndindende, anyezi Zofanana ndi kakombo wa chigwa, masamba obiriwira opepuka amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kukoma kosangalatsa kwa adyo ndi zofunikira, osangolimbitsa, komanso kuchiritsa thupi.
Mutha kukumana ndi adyo wamtchire nthawi zambiri m'nkhalango zowuma komanso zamtali, pamitanda, m'mapiri - pomwe pamakhala chinyezi. Mtundu wa kukula kwake ndiwodabwitsa kwambiri. Austria, Great Britain, Georgia, Spain, Netherlands, Slovakia, France ... Kulikonse komwe kumakula!
Adyo wamtchire, kapena anyezi wa Bear, kapena adyo wamtchire, kapena Flask, Chanzel, Levurda, (Allium ursinum). © SabineausLMasiku ano, pali mitundu iwiri ya mbewu yodabwitsayi. Allium ursinum - Wobera uta (wopezeka m'dziko lathu ku Caucasus) ndi Allium wopambana - Uta wopambana (amagawidwa makamaka ku Far East ndi Siberia).
M'mayiko ambiri adyo wamtchire amatetezedwa ndipo amalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira, chifukwa cha ichi amakula ngati chomera cholimidwa.
Ntchito zofunikira ndikugwiritsa ntchito adyo wamtchire
Adyo wamtchire amayamikiridwa makamaka chifukwa chamagulu azakudya. Vitamini A, B1, B2, C, PP, folic acid, niacin, ayodini, fluorine, calcium, selenium, zinc - omwe palibe! Chifukwa cha izi, zimalimbikitsa ntchito ya m'mimba, zimakhudza mawonekedwe a magazi, zimatsuka khungu, zimathandizira ndi chimfine, zimalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, zimathandizira mtima, zimathandizira kagayidwe kazinthu, zimadziwika ndi katundu wa bactericidal.
Uta wopambana, kapena uta wopambana (Allium victorialis). Amadziwikanso kuti leek kapena tchire. © Isidre blancAmadyedwa mu adyo wamtchire ndi masamba, ndi tsinde, ndi babu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mawonekedwe ake osaphika, mu saladi, monga mbale zam'mbali, kuphika, kuzifutsa, zouma, kukakamizidwa.
Chomera morphology
Mwa anyezi wamtundu, anyezi wapabanja, banja la Amaryllis chiloleki silinatchulidwe. Ilidi ndi babu yaying'ono yotalika, yotalika pafupifupi masentimita 1. Pak maluwa, inflorescence imayika ambulera pamtunda wautali, kuyambira pa 15 mpaka 50 cm. Ali ndi lanceolate, larnolate oyera. Amapanga bokosi la zipatso lomwe lili ndi pafupifupi zipatso zozungulira. Koma pali masamba awiri okha a adyo wamtchire. Yochepa thupi, 3-5cm mulifupi, lakuthwa, lanceolate, ali otsika pang'ono kutalika mpaka tsinde. Petiole yawo ili kale mbale yayikulu komanso pafupifupi kawiri kutalika kwake.
Maluwa achigoba. © SabineausLZomera
Ramson ndi ephemeroid. Mwanjira ina, osatha, gawo la mlengalenga lomwe limayamba kuphukira, ndikufa kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Masamba ake achifundo omwe adaphukira mu March ndiwo mavitamini oyamba. Koma, mbewuyo ikakula, imakola minofu yake, ndiye kuti zokolola zamtchire zimangopitilira mpaka maluwa, omwe akuyamba mu Meyi.
Pambuyo maluwa, mbewu zakutchire zimagwa pa adyo wamtchire. Adzakula chaka chamawa. Mukazisunga ndi kuzifesa mu nthawi yophukira, mphukira zimangopezeka lokha nyengo yamasika. Koma adyo wamtchire amaswana mwanjira ina - mwakudya. Zomera zopangika bwino zimapangika mababu awiri olowa mmalo omwe amatha kupatukana ndikuwokedwa pabedi.
Maluwa anyezi opambana. © naturguckerTchuthi lamtchire limakula
Pakadali pano, adyo wamtchire akutchuka kwambiri monga chikhalidwe chamunda. Lero, pogulitsa, mutha kukumana kale ndi mbewu zamitundu itatu: Bear delicacy, Bear cub, Bear khutu.
Mayina apamtima amenewa mwachidziwikire amasankhidwa kuti amupangire chifukwa chakuti m'chilengedwe chimbalangondo chimakonda kudya chomera.
Malo okula
Mukafuna kudziwa malo oti mubzale adyo, ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti chikhalidwechi chimakonda dothi lachonde, limasanjika dzuwa ndi chinyezi. Pachifukwa ichi, ndibwino kuyiyika pansi pa mitengo kapena mpanda - pomwe palibe dzuwa lotentha, palibe kusayenda kwa madzi ndipo nthaka siyimasiyana mosiyanasiyana.
Adyo wamtchire, kapena anyezi wa Bear, kapena adyo wamtchire. © Pete FavelleKufalitsa kwa leek kuthengo
Njira yosavuta yofalitsira leek ndikogawa chitsamba. Kuti muchite izi, kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kapena tsiku lotentha kwambiri, gawo la mababu (omwe ali ndi mizu) liyenera kulekanitsidwa ndi nsalu ndikubzalidwa m'mizere pamtunda wa 20 - 35 cm kuchokera wina ndi mzake ndi ma kanjira a 30 - 45 cm.
Ngati palibe njira yobzalira, mutha kumera udzu wamtchire. Kuti izi zitheke, mbewu yomwe mwapeza, mosakayikira, iyenera kuyika pansi. Imakhala mu nthawi yayitali mokwanira, kuyambira masiku 80 mpaka 100, nthawi yozizira, ndipo imapangidwa chifukwa chofesa nthawi yachisanu. Poterepa, njira yofesera imasungidwa, monga momwe zimagwirira michere.
Kuti zitheke kusamalira mbande zamtchire zamtchire, nthawi zambiri mbewuzo sizifesedwa m'malo okhazikika, koma m'bokosi lomwe limakumbidwa m'mundamo. Chapakatikati, udzu umachotsedwa pamabedi, dothi limasulidwa bwino, kompositi, ndipo pokhapokha iwo amabzalidwa m'mizere.
Zofesedwa, mbewuzo sizibisidwa m'nthaka, koma ziikika ndi dothi lapansi.
Samalani leek
Zaka ziwiri zoyambirira zimangosamalira mbewuzo: zimathirira, kumasula, ndi kudyetsa (kamodzi kapena kawiri pamnyengo ndi feteleza wovuta aliyense). Popeza mababu anyezi ali ndi katundu woti akweze pafupifupi masentimita 0,5 kuchokera pansi chaka chilichonse, kuyambira chaka chachiwiri mabediwo amawakwiririka ndi masamba ochepa.
Uta wopambana, kapena uta wopambana. © Søren HoltTizilombo ndi matenda
Tizilombo ndi matenda a adyo atchire sikuti ndi zoyipa kwenikweni. Nthawi zina, ndikamadandaula kwambiri komanso m'nthaka ya acidic, dzimbiri limawonekera, kenako imvi.
Kutulutsa masamba amtchire
Zokolola zamtchire zamtchire zimafika 3 makilogalamu pa lalikulu lalikulu. Komabe, mutha kudula masamba kuchokera kuzomera kokha mchaka chachitatu cha kukula. Nthawi yomweyo, muyenera kudziwa kuti gawo lakutali la masamba chaka chino silidzayambiranso, chifukwa chake, zidzakhala zotheka kukolola zipatsozo m'malo amodzi pakatha zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu.
Kutengera izi, ndizomveka kubzala adyo wamtchire kamodzi m'mabedi atatu, ndikubzala kwa chaka chimodzi, kapena kutolera timapepala tosankha.
Masamba a adyo wamtchire. © Søren HoltKukolola kwa mbewu
Popeza adyo wamtchire amadziwika ndi kucha kosasinthika kwa mbewu, simuyenera kudikirira mpaka maboma onse ataphulika. Muyenera kutenga mbale ndikusinthira mkati mwake zomwe zayamba kale kupsa. Kapena ikani zikwama zamapulogalamu ndikudikirira kuti njere zigwe momwemo.
Ndi zina ...
Mwachilengedwe, adyo wakutchire amakula makatani akuluakulu, ndikudzaza dera lalikulu. Mukamulola kuti agwetse mbewu m'mundamo, pakapita nthawi, mbewuyo imadzakhala udzu woipa.
