Mtengo wa heliotrope umaimiridwa ndi mitundu 250 yam'malo otentha padziko lapansi. Ena mwa iwo, makamaka ku Europe, ndiw poizoni chifukwa cha zomwe zili mu cinoglossin, alkaloid mu masamba ndi mphukira, zomwe zimatha kudwala matenda amanjenje.
M'munda wamaluwa, ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito heliotrope ya Peru, yemwe adatchedwa kwawo - Peru, pomwe imakula mpaka mamita 1.9 wokutidwa ndi maluwa okongola omwe amatulutsa fungo la vanilla. Chodziwika kwambiri mu ulimi wamaluwa ndi heliotropes, corymbose ndi tsinde.
Zambiri
Heliotrope Peruvian Ndi osatha omwe achika mu nyengo yotentha ngati chomera cha pachaka, monga zidachitika, mwachitsanzo, ndi gazania. Nthambi zake zokhala ndi mitengo yolunjika, yakufalikira mpaka 60 cm. Masamba ndiwobiliwira, osafanana, amdima pamwamba komanso opepuka pansi, pubescent, makwinya. Ma inflorescence okhala ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka 15 masentimita amaphatikiza maluwa ang'onoang'ono, onunkhira, amtundu wakuda kapena wamdima wakuda, kuwonekera kuyambira koyambirira kwa nyengo yachilimwe mpaka nyengo yachisanu yoyamba.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti fungo lokondweretsa la heliotrope lomwe lalimidwa kuchokera ku nthangala limatayika munthawi yathu ino, chifukwa chazovuta za njira yosankhira, yopanga kuwonjezera zinthu zonunkhira, koma pakupanga zokongoletsera.
Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa fungo kumatha kusiyanasiyana ngati kupangidwa mwatsatanetsatane kumapangidwa mosiyanasiyana, ndichifukwa chake akatswiri asanagule mbande zamaluwa akuwonetsa kununkhira mbewu - makamaka, zina mwa izo zimanunkhira bwino.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ku Peru m'minda ndi heliotrope marin. Ndi yaying'ono, yokhala ndi mulifupi wa 15 masentimita, maluwa ofiirira akuda ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira. Kutalika kwa maluwa oterewa ndi masentimita 45-50. Chimakhala chodzaza bwino ndipo chimayamba kutulutsa mchaka chimodzi mutabzala.
Mphepo ya Nyanja ya Heliotrope - mitundu yokongola kwambiri ya corymbose. Maluwa ake ang'onoang'ono amapanga kubveka kwa kuwala kwamiyendo m'madzi. Ma inflorescence osiyanasiyana ali ndi utoto wakuda kapena utoto, ndipo masamba amakhala achikuda ngati mitundu ya Marina. Chitsamba chimatha kukula masentimita 45 kuchokera pansi. Zosiyanasiyana ndizonunkhira bwino ndipo zimawoneka bwino m'malire.
Heliotrope Odysseus - Ichi ndi chitsamba chofunda chamtunda chochepera 30 cm, chomwe chili ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono onunkhira. Limamasula kwambiri komanso kwanthawi yayitali. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakuwoneka makonde ndi m'minda yamatamba.
Heliotrope pubescent - chomera chakupha chomwe sichitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale paulimi, kapena madera ena. Amadziwika ndi thunthu la nthambi kuchokera 20 mpaka 50 cm, masamba ozungulira kapena pafupifupi ozungulira, maluwa ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi curls pamwamba pa nthambi ndi tsinde mbali imodzi ndi zipatso zazing'ono za pubescent zikuwola mukakhwima. Kugawidwa kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Russian Federation, ku Azerbaijan, kumakulira m'misewu ndikutseka mbewu za tirigu. Ngati mungapeze izi m'munda wamaluwa anu, dziwani - ndibwino kuti muchotse!
Heliotrope wosakanizidwa - imakula mpaka 50cm, kutalika, ndipo imakhala ndi nthambi zowongoka. Masamba obiriwira odera obiriwira kwambiri amapezeka kwambiri. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono amapanga inflorescence mpaka masentimita 15 ndi utoto wofiirira, lilac kapena loyera ndi fungo labwino kwambiri.
Mtundu woyera kotheratu wa inflorescences ndi mawonekedwe amtunduwu heliotrope Alba. Zosiyanasiyana heliotrope mzungu Maluwa ndi pinki koma amayera poyera.
Kubzala kwa Heliotrope ndi chisamaliro
Kukula kwa heliotrope panthaka kotheka sikungatheke popanda kubzala koyambirira kwa mbande, chifukwa chakuti kumera zimatenga pafupifupi masiku 100 inflorescence isanapangidwe. Mbewu ziyenera zofesedwa gawo lomaliza la dzinja kapena masiku oyamba a Marichi mu gawo lokonzekera bwino lomwe lili ndi zigawo zinayi za peat pa gawo limodzi la mchenga. Kusakaniza kuyenera kukhala chonyowa ndikuyenera kuwerengedwa kuti uwononge bowa.
Mutadzaza chidebe ndi dothi, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti chikhale bwino ndikuchiyimitsa pang'ono, kenako ndikungomwaza mbewu za heliotrope pamtunda ndikungaziwaza pamwamba ndi nthaka. Mchipinda momwe mbewuzo zimamera, malo otentha pafupi ndi kutentha kwa chipinda - 18-20 ° C, ndi 22 ° C - zikamera zitawonekera, ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa.
Pambuyo pakuwonekera masamba 2-3, mbewuzo zimabzalidwa mumbale ndikuthirira kwambiri. Pakumera kwa mbeu, chinyezi cha dothi pobiriwira ndizofunikira, pomwe dothi limafufira pang'ono. Mtengo wa heliotrope ungabzalidwe panthaka m'masiku oyambilira a Juni, pomwe kuzizirira kwausiku kunatha, pamalo pomwe kuli dzuwa komanso kumasulidwa, makamaka nthaka yachonde, yopanda chonde. Heliotrope ndi chomera chokonda dzuwa, koma sichilekerera kuwala koyambirira kwa dzuwa. Kutsinina kumatulira nthawi zina, mutha kupangitsa kuti maluwa achitetezo a heliotrope akhale okongola kwambiri.
Kuthirira kwa Heliotrope
Omwe alimi ena amakhulupirira motsimikiza kuti heliotrope iyenera kuti imapangidwa ndi mbewu zomata, koma lingaliro ili silitsimikiziridwa ngati mbewuyo idamwetsedwa bwino. M'malo mwake, amakonda chinyezi, koma samakonda madzi owonjezera, motero ndikofunikira kukhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira m'nthaka - ikamuma, ndikofunikira kuthirira. Kuphatikiza apo, kupangidwa kwa zinthu zonyowa pang'ono, zomwe zimakhala m'malo otentha, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kungapindule.
Ngati mulch dothi ndi kompositi kapena peat, zimakhala zosavuta kusamalira heliotrope, chifukwa simudzamasula nthaka nthawi zambiri. Njira yodululira imakakamizidwa, chifukwa umu ndi momwe nthaka imatetezedwa kuti ipangidwe kutumphuka. Nthaka yothilitsidwa sikufunanso kuthirira pafupipafupi.
Sungani heliotrope nthawi yachisanu
Chomera sichitha kuzizira panja. Nyengo yachisanu isanayambike, adamuika mumphika ndikuitumiza nyengo yozizira kupita ku chipinda chogona bwino. Nthawi yomweyo, duwa limatetezedwa kuti lisayang'ane dzuwa mwachangu, chifukwa chomwe masamba ofiira amatha kukhala ndi mthunzi wakuda kapena kutenthedwa.
Zomera za heliotrope
Kuvala kwapamwamba kwa Heliotrope kumalimbikitsidwa nyengo yonse, pafupipafupi ndi masabata awiri. Zamadzimadzi ndi zophatikizidwa kwambiri m'minda yamafuta am'madzi ndizoyenereradi zolinga izi. Pambuyo pa masabata awiri kuchokera kuonekere masamba atatu mu mbande, umuna umayamba kuphatikiza kwa mbande.
Heliotrope ikukula kuchokera ku mbewu
Kufalikira kwa heliotrope ndi mbewu kumachitika mu febuloni kapena Marichi posakaniza ndi mchenga ndi peat. Mabokosi amakutidwa ndi galasi kapena filimu. Pambuyo pa masabata 3-4, mbande zimawonekera, ndiye muyenera kusunthira mabokosiwo mu malo ndi kuwala komwe kumabalalika ndikusunga kutentha pafupi nawo m'dera la 22-23 ° C.
Ndikwabwino kuthira ndi madzi okhazikika pamtunda wofunda. Kubzala mbewu kumapereka chida chofunikira kubzala ndi mbande zomwe zimakula mwachangu, tchire zazikulu, zotuwa nthawi yophukira komanso inflorescence yaying'ono.
Kufalikira kwa heliotrope ndi odulidwa
Kutengera ndi zomwe tafotokozazi, titha kunena kuti heliotropes nthawi zambiri imadulidwa ndi odulidwa. Koposa zonse, anthu okalamba amatha kuthana ndi gawo la amayi amamwa, ndikupatsanso masika abwino kwambiri odulidwa.
M'nyengo yozizira, maselo amfumu amasungidwa m'malo obisalamo, kusunga mafuta ozungulira mu 8-15 ° C ndikupanga madzi okwanira. Kuyambira pa theka lachiwiri la mwezi watha yozizira mpaka Meyi, odulidwa amawadula ndikudula mphukira ndi 3-4 internodes, kudula masamba kuti muchepetse chinyezi.
Zidutswa zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kukula kwa mankhwala zimayikidwa m'mabokosi odzazidwa ndi humus ndi mchenga motalikirana (2: 1) ndikuyika malo owala otsekemera pansi pa kanema kapena galasi. Pomwe mizu imayamba, kutentha kumayenera kukhazikika mu 22-25 ° C, kwinaku kuthirira mbewu tsiku lililonse.
Pambuyo pa masiku 18-25, mizu imatha kuoneka, ndipo zodulidwazo ziyenera kubzalidwa m'miphika za peat ndi mchere wothira feteleza, gawo locheperako, kuphatikizapo peat, dothi la mchenga ndi mchenga mogwirizana ndi 4: 2: 1.
Pakati pa sabata yoyamba ndikukula, nyama zazing'ono zimasungidwa m'malo otetezeka ndikuwazidwa tsiku lililonse ndi madzi katatu. Kudabwitsanso kubowoza kwa mbande kumatha kukwaniritsa kukula kwa heliotrope wamkulu. Ndikwabwino kubzala m'nthaka mtunda wa 15-20 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
- Mwa tizirombo tonse ta adani a heliotrope, ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa nthata ya kangaude yomwe imakhudza mphukira ndi masamba achichepere.
- Kuphatikiza apo, matenda amatha chifukwa cha zovala zoyera komanso nsabwe za m'masamba.
Ndikofunika kuthana nawo onse omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a "Actellik", kubwereza mankhwalawo patatha sabata ngati kuli koyenera. Potsutsa imvi, fungicides ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
