Iris, kapena kasatik - mbewu yosatha, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndiyotchuka pakati pa wamaluwa. Ndi kukongola kwa maluwa ndi chisomo, iris amatha kupikisano ndi mbewu zina zambiri. Irises amayamikiridwanso kwambiri chifukwa chakuti, akamayenda maluwa, amasungabe zokongoletsera chifukwa cha masamba okongola. Zomera za Iris zimakongoletsa mundawo pafupifupi nyengo yonse. Pazinthu zomwe zikukula pang'onopang'ono m'munda ndikuuzani.
Iris ndi chozizwitsa chochokera Kum'mawa.
Kufotokozera kwamabotolo amtundu wa irises
Iris (Iris), kapena Kasatik - mtundu wa mbewu zosatha zachilengedwe za banja la a Kasatikovy, kapena Iris (Iridaceae) Kwawo - Japan. Irises amapezeka konsekonse. Mitundu ili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 800 yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha ichi, adapeza dzina lake (Greek. Ἶρῐς - utawaleza).
Zimayambira za iris ndi imodzi kapena pamtundu, zosavuta kapena zamtundu. Masamba ndi osalala, xiphoid, omwe amatengedwa m'munsi mwa tsinde. Mizu yake imapezeka pamwamba. Maluwa - payekha kapena mu inflorescence, mwa mitundu ina onunkhira pang'ono.
Maluwa a iris ndi achilendo kwambiri: alibe manda ndi petals. Mapangidwe ake a maluwa ali pafupi ndi kapangidwe ka maluwa. Perianth ndi tubular, yokhala ndi miyendo isanu ndi umodzi. Pansi pamiyalayo timangopaka chubu, mkati mwake momwe mumakhala timitsempha.
Pakati Russia, irises pachimake kuyambira Meyi mpaka Julayi. Irises amadziwika ndi kukhathamira kwa nyengo yozizira, osasilira nthaka, koma osalekerera dothi lonyowa, ndibwino kuwabzala pamtsetse. Maluwa amabzalidwa m'malo amodzi mpaka zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri.
Pakati Russia, irises pachimake kuyambira Meyi mpaka Julayi.Kusankha malo ndi dothi la irises
Irises ndiwokonda pang'ono, akugwera pamthunzi, siyani kutulutsa. Irises amakhala m'malo otentha. Zomera zokulira ndi zowuma zachikondi, kuti ziwonongeke mwamphamvu ndi nthaka. Mitundu yambiri yayitali komanso yamtunda wamtali imamangirizidwa, pomwe imachoka ndi mphepo. Dothi ndilabwino, losalowerera ndale, osati lopanda feteleza komanso lopanda manyowa atsopano.
Dothi la irises limakonzedwa pafupifupi sabata kuti libzale. Malowa amakumbidwa mpaka pakuya kwa fosholo, kenako makilogalamu 8-10 a humus amayambitsidwa. Kuchokera pamanyowa opangira mchere amapanga supuni zitatu za superphosphate yosavuta, 2 makapu awiri phulusa. Ngati dothi ndi acidic, onjezerani chikho 1 cha ufa wa dolomite. Kuphatikiza feteleza pafupi mpaka akuya masentimita 10-12 ndikutuluka. Kubzala tsiku - mutangogawa chitsamba theka lachiwiri la Julayi, kumapeto kwa maluwa kwa irises.
Werengani zomwe mwatsatanetsatane mwatsatanetsatane: Irises m'munda - gulu ndi magwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kubwezeretsanso irises
Nthawi zina zimawonetsedwa kuti ma irises amafalitsidwa ndi mizu. Pankhaniyi, ziwalo ziwiri zosiyana ndizosokonezeka: mizu ndi ma rhizomes. Mizu ya irises imalephera kusinthanso, ndiye kuti ikonzanso mbewu yonseyo kuchokera pagawo. Chifukwa chake, sioyenera kubereka.
Olima maluwa ena amakhulupirira kuti ma irises amatha kufalikira ndi masamba. Izi sizowona komanso. Tsamba la iris, lolekanitsidwa ndi rhizome, ngakhale litakhala bwino kwambiri kuti lipangidwe mizu (mu hotbeds zapadera) silimapanga mizu ndipo pang'ono ndi pang'ono limafa.
China chake ndi pamene gawo lotchedwa "scapula" (gawo la iris) libzalidwe pansi, lomwe ndi masamba ofupika a masamba oyambira omwe ali ndi gawo la nthangala. Chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa chidutswa cha nthambizu, scapula yotere, pansi pazoyenera, imayamba mizu ndikusintha kukhala chomera chatsopano. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ma irises amatha kufalikira ndi nthangala yokha, yomwe imakhala yolumikizana mosiyanasiyana - kufupikitsika pansi mphukira zapachaka.
Iris amagawidwa bwino kwambiri zaka zitatu zilizonse. Mutha kuchita magawowo koyambirira kwamasika. Ndi mpeni wakuthwa, chitsamba chopangidwa bwino chimagawidwa m'magawo angapo, chilichonse chimakhala ndi rosette yoyambira bwino masamba. Masamba odulawo amawaza ndi makala owuma. Mizu ndi masamba amadulidwa pakati.
Gawo lililonse limatha kuyimiridwa ndi ulalo umodzi, iwiri kapena itatu. Maulalo akale amatayidwa.
Ma Iris kufufutidwa atachotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kwa mphindi 30 mu njira ya Homa (80 g pa 10 malita a madzi), omwe amapha ma tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zitatha izi, gawoli limawuma padzuwa kwa masiku awiri. Magawo owazidwa ndi makala amoto. "Spatulas" amabzalidwa mosazama, mwapang'onopang'ono, pang'ono, kotero kuti impso ili pamthaka. Gawo lakumwambalo la rhizome siliyenera kuphimbidwa ndi dziko lapansi.
Ngati mitengo yanyongoyi ikadzala kwambiri, izi sizingayambitse, komanso matenda kapena kufa kwa mbewu. Irises pachimake mchaka chachitatu mutabzala.
Mutabzala, mbewuzo zimathiriridwa madzi. Ndikofunika kuti madzi amadzimadzi m'nthawi yamaluwa. Chitani izi kumapeto, kuteteza maluwa ndi madzi. Nthawi ndi nthawi amasula dothi ndikuchotsa namsongole.
Irises, yomwe imakula popanda kupatsirana kwa zaka 5-6, imasiya kuphuka, dothi likadzaza ndikuwumbika, ma rhizomes opitilira mwamphamvu amayamba kufinya wina ndi mnzake, kuphatikizana, kusokoneza kukula kwachilendo kwa oyandikana nawo.
Pambuyo pake, Ogasiti mpaka Seputembiki amadulidwa a iris rhizomes amapatsa mbewu zochuluka zomwe zimaphuka mchaka choyamba mutabzala. Munthawi ya June-Julayi kudula, duwa lisanabzalidwe masamba omaliza, kuchuluka kwa maluwa oterera kumatsika kwambiri.
Iris ndiwosavuta kufalitsa pogawa nthiti.
Njira yolerera impso
Mukamaweta mitundu yamtengo wapatali ya irises, njira ya "impso" imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwakutero, kulumikizidwa pachaka kumadulidwa kukhala magawo 6-8 kuti aliyense akhale ndi impso. Ngati impso ikhala chidutswa cha nthangala zolemera 0,5 g, ndiye kuti impso, yodzalidwa mumphika kapena bokosi la pansi pa madzi, pansi pa malo oyenera kutentha ndi chinyezi, imadzakhala chomera chokha. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, imatha kuphuka mchaka chachiwiri. Chiwerengero chodula kwambiri chimapezeka kuchokera ku masamba ofananira nawo.
Zomera zakumapeto zimaphukanso mchaka choyamba cha masamba, zomwe sizabwino, chifukwa zimafooketsa.
Hybrid iris imatha kufalitsidwa m'magawo a ma rhizomes ndi impso nthawi iliyonse yomwe ikukula, komanso kukhalapo kwa greenhouse ndi ma rhizomes omwe amakolola kuyambira nthawi yophukira, nthawi iliyonse pachaka.
Komabe, pamitundu yambiri ya hybrid iris, nthawi yabwino kwambiri yonyamula ndikugawa tchire ndi theka lachiwiri la chilimwe - chiyambi cha nthawi yophukira. Kubzala mochedwa n'koopsa pamadothi osakhwima, osakhazikika bwino, chifukwa kumayambiriro kwa masika mbewu zosakhazikika bwino zimakhazikitsidwa pansi ndikumazizira ndikusenda nthaka.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kulandiridwa kwa kubereka kwa impso kumakhala koyenera muzochitika zotere nthawi yochepa kwambiri yomwe muyenera kupeza mbewu zambiri kuchokera ku tchire tambiri. Pazinthu zina zonse, iris imafalitsidwa bwino pogawa chitsamba.
Pansi pa mafakitale, zidutswa za mphuno zokhala ndi impso zimabzalidwa mozama mpaka masentimita atatu m'miyala. Zomera zobzulidwa, masamba ndi mizu amafupikitsidwa ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwake.
Kukula kwamphamvu kwa ma iris rhizomes kuyenera kukhala 1.5-2 a m'mimba mwake. Pakati pa mbewu zomwe zikuyenda mzerewo amasiya 25-30, ndipo pamizere-patali - masentimita 45-50. Ndikabzala izi, mbewu zomwe zimakhala m'mizere zimatseka, ndikupanga mizere yopitilira, yosiyanitsidwa ndi mizere yopingasa. Izi zimathandizira chisamaliro cha nthaka, kuphatikiza umuna ndikuchepetsa mthunzi wazomera. Mutabzala, mbewuzo zimathiriridwa madzi ambiri, pomwe pamakhala kupsinjika pang'ono komwe kumazungulira. Madziwo akamalowetsedwa munthaka komanso pamwamba pake pouma pang'ono, bowo limamasulidwa ndikukulika kuti bedi lizioneka loyera, masamba azomera amatembenukira mbali imodzi mukabzala. Poterepa, ndege imatsogozedwa zitunda.
Mukagawa tchire ndikuzisamutsa kumalo atsopano, mitundu yosakanizidwa ya irbr imapeza mphamvu chaka choyamba, chachiwiri ndi chachitatu - pachimake kwambiri, kenako, ikadzakhuthala, pang'onopang'ono imachepetsa kukongoletsa.
Iris safuna chisamaliro chapaderaChisamaliro cha Iris
Amadyetsa mbewu ndi feteleza wa mchere katatu pachaka. Chovala choyamba chimachitika kumayambiriro kwa kukula: mu malita 10 a madzi, 1 tbsp. supuni ya urea ndi potaziyamu sulfate, kuwononga 5 malita a yankho pa 1 m2.
Chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba cha irises chimachitika kumayambiriro kwa budding: 10 l madzi, kuchepetsa 1 tbsp. supuni "Agri-cola wa maluwa", potaziyamu sulfate. Pamaso kuvala pamwamba, nsuzi zimakonkhedwa ndi phulusa 1 pa phulusa.
Kudyetsa kwachitatu kwa irises kumachitika patatha masiku 10-15 kutulutsa maluwa: mu malita 10 a madzi, kuchepetsa 1 tbsp. supuni nitrofoski, "Agricola-7", feteleza wachilengedwe "Effekton-DC". Patulani mpaka malita 5 a yankho pa 1 m2.
Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika pamtunda wonyowa ndikumasulidwa ndipo theka loyambirira la chilimwe.
Ndi isanayambike chisanu choyamba, masamba a irises amawadula pakati, monga kubzala. Masamba achikasu amawoneka, amawadulira. Pambuyo maluwa, peduncle imasweka pamunsi. Isanafike nyengo yozizira, kumayambiriro kwa chisanu choyambirira, malo obzala amakutidwa ndi peat ndi wosanjikiza 10 masentimita, mu nthawi ya masika amayenera kukhazikika.
Matenda ndi tizirombo ta nyerere
Ng'ombe ndi nthawi yozizira
Awa ndi tizirombo owopsa ometa ndevu makamaka mavuu aku Siberia. Kumayambiriro kwa kakulidwe, mbozi za scoop (Hydraecia micacea) zimadya masamba oyambira, omwe amasanduka achikasu ndikufa. Sitha "kudula" maulalo amphamvu a ndevu zazitali, koma kuwonongeka komwe akupanga ndikokwanira kuti ma pedunges awombedwe.
Kuphatikiza apo, mbozi zimatha kuvulaza ma rhizomes (kasatikova scoop (Helotropha leucostigma) ndi nthawi yozizira scoop (Agrotis segetum), zomwe zimakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi kuwonongeka kwa bakiteriya. M'dzinja louma, kubzala kwa iris kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi scoops.
Njira zoyendetsera: Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokukula, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika (ndi kutalika kwa masiku 7) ndi yankho la 10% ya malathion.
Gladiolus amaponya
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, tosaoneka ndi maso, timawononga kwambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi lake laling'ono ndi 1-1,5 mm. Ma thrips amakhala m'magulu a masamba amiyala mwamphamvu kwambiri. Tsamba lomwe limakhudzidwa limasanduka lofiirira, limawuma, limakutidwa ndi utoto wonyezimira. Masamba awa, photosynthesis amasokonezedwa, omwe amakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa chomera chonse, kuyika kwa miyendo ndi maluwa.
Nthawi yakula, tizilomboti amasinthana ndi maluwa a iris, ndikupangitsa kuperewera kwawo komanso kupindika. Mphukira sizimaphuka bwino, ndipo kuwonongeka kwakukulu, inflorescence sikhala konse. Chilimwe chotentha ndi chowuma ndichabwino pakukula kwa majeremusi. Mpaka mibadwo isanu ndi iwiri ya tizilombo timene timapanga kum'mwera kwa dzikolo pa nyengo.
Njira zoyendetsera: Zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa zimapakidwa kawiri ndi 10% yankho la malathion ndi masiku 7. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa fodya kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa: 400 g wa shag amathiridwa masiku awiri 10 malita a madzi, kupsyinjika, kuwonjezera 40 g kuchapa kapena sopo wobiriwira.
Tsoka ilo, ma irises nthawi zambiri amawonongeka ndi tizirombo.Medvedka
Chimbalangondo kumwera kwa Russia chili pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha ziphuphu. Tizilombo tachikulire timatalika masentimita 3.5-5. Ili ndi mapiko, zibwano zamphamvu zolimba zamanja, zibwano zamphamvu zamtsogolo zokhala ndi fayilo ya seva, yomwe chimbalangondo chimadula dothi, ndipo mmera mwake, mizu, ndi mababu. Tizilombo timayenda mosavutikira mobisa, timasambira mwachangu m'madzi komanso timawuluka mlengalenga. Ukugwera pansi, imayenda mofulumira kwambiri. "Chovala" cha chipendacho ndicholimba, chosavomerezeka ndi madzi. Tizilomboti timakhala ndi fungo labwino kwambiri.
Njira zoyendetsera:
- Sungani mazira ambiri nthawi yachisanu, ndikuphwanya kukhala ufa. Mu kasupe, nthawi yodzala, nyowetsani ufa ndi masamba amafuta a fungo ndikuyika supuni imodzi pachitsime chilichonse. Medvedka, atalawa nyambo, amamwalira.
- Thirani nthaka tizirombo ndi madzi a sopo (supuni 4 za zotetezera mu ndowa). Chimbalangondocho chimafa pansi panthaka, kapena chimakwawa pansi, pomwe chimakhala chosavuta kusonkhana ndikuchiwononga.
- Ngati mumabzala mitengo mozungulira m'malire a mundawo, izi zitha kulepheretsa chimbalangondo kupita kumunda wanu kuchokera kumadera oyandikana nawo.
- Mutha kuthana ndi chimbalangondo mothandizidwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa ndowe, ndikuthirira ndi malo mu nyengo youma.
Slug
Choyambirira, chovunda choyamba, chimawononga masamba apakati a tsamba. Ndi kuchuluka kwa tizirombo, amawononga masamba ena. Mwa mitundu yonse ya nsuzi, ndevu ndizosankhidwa. Slugs zimathandizira kufalikira kwa bacteriosis. Mitolo yophika yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi bacteriosis yomwe yagwera pansi imadya msuzi ndi chikhumbo chachikulu. Ndikungokhalira pamenepo kwa mbewu zathanzi, slugs imanyamula causative wothandizila matendawa.
Njira zoyendetsera: Pakati pazomera panali masamba amamba a burdock kapena ziguduli zonyowa zomwe zimakhala pobisalira. Kenako tizirombo timasonkhanitsidwa ndikuwonongeka. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito fodya (shag) fumbi (4 g / m2), superphosphate (35 g / m2). Granular irondehyde ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yolimbana ndi a slgs. Ma granules amamwazidwa pouma, nyengo yotentha yamadzulo kapena m'mawa kwambiri pakati pa mbewu (30-40 g pa 10 m2).
Mai Khrushchev
Mphutsi zamkungudza amazula mizu ndi mizu yamipuyo. Mphutsi zimakula m'nthaka zaka zingapo. Mochulukirapo, amatha kupezeka zotsalira, manyowa. Musanalowetse manyowa m'nthaka, uyenera kuzunguliridwa ndi sibu ndikusankha mphutsi ndi kuwonongedwa kwawo kotsatira.
Wireworm (Nutcracker)
Mphutsi za chikumbu zimawononga ma rhizomes amadzimadzi, kudya mabowo ndi kudutsamo, momwe mabakiteriya, bowa amakhazikika, ndipo chomera chimatha kufa nthawi. Tizilomboti tili ndi kachilombo kakang'ono kautoto wakuda, ndipo timitundu tating'ono timapezekanso. Mamba opapatiza, aatali, opangidwa ndi zigawo, okhala ndi chipolopolo chofewa kwambiri cha chikaso kapena chofiirira. M'nyengo yozizira, lowani pansi mu dothi, nthawi yamasika mutenthe ndi nthaka. Kukumba mozama dothi kumapangitsa kuti mphutsi ziwonongeke komanso kachilomboka.
Pofuna kuthana ndi tizirombo tating'onoting'ono, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito masamba obzala tizirombo tating'onoting'ono:
- Tsabola wofiyira wofiyira (100 g kudula nyemba zatsopano kapena ma 50 g owuma) kutsanulira madzi okwanira 1 litre, ndiye kuyimirira kwa masiku awiri, kenako msuzi umasefedwa ndikuthiridwa pamlingo wa 100 g wa kulowetsedwa pa 10 l lamadzi ndikuphatikizira 40 g yobiriwira sopo.
- Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito pyrethrum - mungu mungu ndi ufa kapena kunena 100-200 g wa ufa kwa maola 10 mumalita 10 amadzi ndikuthira mchere ndi yankho.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, monga momwe mumagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, muyenera kutsatira malamulo a ukhondo wanu: Tetezani pakamwa panu ndi mphuno ndi kupumira, sambani m'manja mosamala mukamaliza.
Kupewa kumatenda ndi tizirombo - njira yabwino kwambiri yotsimikizira zikukongoletsa kwambiri nyengo yonseyoBacteriosis, kapena kufinya kwa ma rhizomes
Matenda owopsa kwambiri a irises ndi bacteriosis, kapena kufinya kwa ma rhizomes. Wothandizira wa matendawa ndi bacterium Erwinia aroidea, kapena Pseudomonas iridis. Zomera zodwala nthawi yobzala ikusala pang'ono kukula. Masamba amakhala oderako, kuyambira pa nsongazo, amawuma. Chosewera chomwe chimakhudzidwa ndi masamba, masamba kuchokera pamenepo amakoka mosavuta, ndipo pamapeto amagwera pansi. Zimayambira zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimakhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa. Zime zimafalikira mkati mwa mpingowo, zomwe zimasakazidwa kwathunthu, ndikusintha kukhala msuzi woyera, wonunkha kwambiri. Zomera zimafa. Chipolopolo chija chimakhalabe cholimba.
Njira zoyendetsera: Polimbana ndi zowonongeka za bakiteriya, mbewu zodwala zimatayidwa. Mukaziika, madera okhudzidwa ndi ma rhizomes amadulidwa ndi mpeni kuti minofu yathanzi ndikuwazidwa ndi malasha osweka. Musanabzale, ma rhizomes amakhazikika mu njira ya 0,5% ya potaziyamu permanganate kwa mphindi 30 kapena kuyimitsidwa kwa kaphatikizidwe (0.2-0.5%) kwa ola limodzi. Rhizomes ayenera kutetezedwa ku kuzizira ndi kuwonongeka kwamakina. Ndikofunika kuwononga tizilombo - onyamula matendawa.Ndikofunika kuwona kusinthika kwachikhalidwe ndikubwerera kwa irises kumalo awo oyambira atatha zaka 4-5.
Tikuyembekezera upangiri wanu wokulitsa duwa lodabwinoli, komanso kuteteza tizirombo toyambitsa matenda a irises!
