Duwa losaona bwino lomwe lomwe linabwera kunyumba ndi m'minda yathu kuchokera kumadera akutali otentha linachita chidwi ndi mamiliyoni a omwe amalima maluwa. Chisamaliro cha Begonia kunyumba sichovuta ndipo chimapezeka kwa aliyense. Mawonekedwe enieni amasamba, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya inflorescence, mtundu wamtali komanso wamba - zonsezi ndi begonia yopambana. Kukongola kwake sikunawakopere m'badwo uliwonse wa amuna ndi akazi.
Masiku ano, pafupifupi mitundu 1000 ya mitundu yake ndi mitundu yokongoletsera imadziwika, komanso mitundu yowerengeka ya 2000.
Kudziwana bwino ndi mfumukazi yamalo otentha
Mwa kuchuluka kwa mitundu ndi mitundu ya begonias, zazikuluzikulu zitha kudziwika:
- mitundu yowola;
- maluwa;
- wopatsa chidwi;
- zobiriwira nthawi zonse;
- wamtali;
- zokwawa begonias pansi;
- ndi mizu yamatumbo;
- ndi ma rhizomes amphamvu;
- mitundu yosatha;
- mitundu ya pachaka;
- zosankha mumsewu;
- mkati begonias.
Chomera chilichonse chimakhala ndi masamba okongola achilendo. Chachikulu komanso chaching'ono, chobiriwira komanso chofiyira, chokongoletsera ndi velvet, chowonekera komanso ndi mapatani. Ambiri aiwo amafanana ndi mapulo kapena masamba a kanjedza, omwe amachititsa maluwa kukhala oyamba.
Palibe chosangalatsa mawonekedwe amtundu wa tsamba. Zina mwa izo ndi zazikulu, ngati miyendo kapena makutu a njovu yaku Africa. Zina ndi zokutira, zokhala ngati ma plates gloss. Pali mitundu yomwe masamba ake amadulidwa m'mphepete, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azioneka ngati asymmetry.
Mtsempha waukulu wamgawo umugawa pakati pawiri. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mawonekedwe odabwitsa. Pa tsinde, masamba amakhala ngati mawonekedwe. Izi zimawathandiza kuti asamabisikane wina ndi mzake kuchokera ku kuunika kwakukulu.
Mbali yam'mwamba ya tsamba la masamba nthawi zambiri imakhala yobiriwira. Kutengera mitundu, kukula kwa mithunzi kumaloledwa. Kumbuyo kwa pepalalo kuli utoto wofiirira, wofiirira kapena wa bulauni.
Tsitsi lofatsa pa tsinde ndi masamba a chomera amawoneka achifumu. Amapaka utoto wofiirira kapena wobiriwira, woyera kapena wamkuwa. Chifukwa cha izi, begonia ili ndi mawonekedwe osakhazikika komanso velvety omwe mukufuna kukhudza.
Mitundu yododometsa, mawanga kapena mikwingwirima yosiyanasiyana imapatsa masamba masamba awo. Nthawi zina, zimawoneka kuti masamba ndi maluwa a begonia wokongoletsera.
Kuti masamba asataye kukongola kwawo, musawapsye. Madzi akagwera, madzi amawoneka. Pambuyo pake, pepalalo limamwalira.
M'malo mwake, pamene chomera chimamasula, mumamvetsetsa kuti masamba angokhala lingaliro lokongoletsera bwino kwambiri. Begonia inflorescences amasangalatsa diso ndi mitundu yotere:
- wofiyira komanso ofiira;
- loyera chipale chofewa ndi mkaka;
- pinki ndi wotuwa lilac;
- wonyezimira achikaso ndi lalanje.
Kuphatikiza apo, maluwa okongola amenewa amapanga fungo labwino. Mbewuyo ikazirala, timitengo tating'ono timawoneka pamitengo, mkati mwake momwe muli mbewu. "Zotengera" zakungika zimasweka, ndipo zimawuluka mosiyana. Chifukwa cha izi, dziko lapansi ladzala ndi maluwa atsopano.
Monga momwe machitidwe akusonyezera, begonia inafalikira padziko lonse lapansi ndipo inazika mizu patali. Popeza malo omwe amakhala ndi malo okhala, ndikofunikira kumusamalira moyenera.
Malamulo Osavuta a Begonia Care
Nyumba zomwe malo okongola otentha amapezeka kuti ndi malo osangalatsa. Amakondweretsa maso nthawi zonse ndi maluwa okongola kapena maluwa. Popanda kuyang'anira mbewuyo, sizingatheke. Kutsatira malamulo osavuta osamalira begoni kunyumba, mutha kupanga paradiso.
Mlendo ochokera kumalo otentha safuna chisamaliro chapadera, koma mfundo zazikuluzikulu ziyenera kutsatiridwa.
Kuwala kokwanira
Popeza nyumba ya Mfumukazi Yanyumba ndizotentha, iye amafunikira kuyatsa nthawi zonse. Ngati sikokwanira, mmera umataya zokongoletsera zake. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuti abalalike. Mphezi zowala zowala zambiri nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kuwotcha masamba. Kupanga malo abwino owunikira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika begonia pamtunda wanyumba.
Kuti apange korona wokongola, mphikawo umatha kuwululidwa nthawi ndi nthawi moyang'anizana ndi kuwala.
Chinyontho cha mpweya wabwino
Funso likadzuka: momwe mungasamalire begonia, kusintha kwa chinyezi mchipinda simalo omaliza. Chomera chimafuna chinyezi chachikulu, koma osati kupopera.
Kuti muthane ndi vutoli, mutha kupanga mapangidwe otere. Ikani mphikawo ndi chomeracho pamalo ochepa. Kenako imayikidwa pa pallet yotakata, yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi dongo lokulitsa m'mphepete (mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito moss). Zitatha izi, ziyenera kupukutidwa pafupipafupi kuti madzi abwera. Zotsatira zake, begonia imapeza chinyezi chake.
Kutsirira koyenera
Kuonetsetsa kusamalira bwino kwa begonias, nyengo ndi kuthirira ziyenera kuganiziridwanso. Ngakhale idachokera kumadera otentha, komwe kumagwa mvula yambiri, osasefukira.
Pofuna kupewa kusefukira, ngalande zimatsanulidwa pansi pa thankiyo momwe mumabzalidwa begonia. Chifukwa chake, madzi owonjezera amatuluka momasuka. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti madziwo samayenda pachimake.
Ndikwabwino kuthirira begonia ndi madzi oyera osakhazikika. Opaleshoniyo ikulimbikitsidwa kuti ibwerezedwenso monga dothi la pamwamba.
Ndi chanzeru kutsatira njira yothirira begonias:
- M'miyezi yotentha, mbewu imayenera kuthiriridwa madzi kawiri pa sabata.
- Pakakhala kutentha kwambiri kunja kwenera, nyowetsani nthaka tsiku lililonse.
- Mu nthawi yophukira (kuyambira mu Okutobala) - pomwe gawo lamtunda limawuma.
- M'nyengo yozizira, mmera sufunika chinyezi chambiri. Pakufunika.
- Ndi chiyambi cha masika, kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kuyenera kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kuti kulimbikitse kukula kwa mbewu.
Ndikofunika kuchita molingana ndi zosowa za begonias, kupatsidwa mtundu wake komanso nthawi ya maluwa.
Kudyetsa pafupipafupi
Kotero kuti maluwa a begonia nthawi zonse amakhala odzaza, muyenera kuwadyetsa nthawi zonse. Kwa izi, pali feteleza apadera.
Mwadzidzidzi begonia ikayamba kuphuka, pamafunika kuvala kwapamwamba. Chifukwa chake, kamodzi pa masiku 14, nthaka imapangidwa ndi mchere wothandiza.
Ngati nayitrogeni ali m'gulu la zovala zapamwamba zamankhwala, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati begonias deciduous.
Pangani zitsamba zobiriwira
Mlendo wachilendo wochokera m'malo otentha nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati wopanda cholakwa. Komabe, nthawi zina, imataya zokongoletsera zake. Pofuna kukonza cholakwikacho, mmerawo akulangizidwa kuti aziluma. Malapoti amapangidwa motalika pafupifupi 5 cm kuchokera m'mphepete mwa chidebe. Chifukwa cha izi, impso zam'mbali zimakhalanso ndi moyo ndikuyamba kukula.
Kudulira nthambi makamaka ndi mpeni kuti musawononge inflorescence ya begonia.
Kusamalira mwachikondi maluwa
Nthawi zambiri, mumatha kusangalala ndi maluwa otuwa pachilimwe, pamasiku owala. Mitundu yochepa chabe pachimake chaka chonse. Chifukwa chake, osamalira wamaluwa, panthawiyi, yesetsani kusamalira bwino maluwa. Kuti mbewuyo isathe, masamba ena amadzulidwa. Zotsatira zake, mmera sukudwala. Mutayang'anitsitsa maluwa a begonia omwe ali pachithunzichi, mutha kulingalira momwe zimasangalalira ndi chomera chotere.
Kutsatira malamulo osavuta awa a chisamaliro cha begonia, mumadziwa mumakhala osangalala. Koma, ndi chiyani chingathandize kukulitsa mfumukazi yamalo otentha kunyumba? Upangiri woyenera wochokera kwa wamaluwa.
Kulima Begonia kunyumba
Musanadzalemo begonia kunyumba, muyenera kusankha zoyenera. Njira yabwino kwambiri ndi miphika yaceramic. Iyenera kukhala yayikulupo pang'ono poyerekeza ndi mizu ya mbewu ndi 4 cm.Ngati kukula ndikutalika kwambiri, mbewuyo imatha kuvutika ndi chinyezi chambiri. Zotsatira zake, nthawi yamaluwa imaphwanyidwa.
Dothi lingagulidwe lokonzeka kapena yokonzedwa palokha. Tengani pang'ono tsamba lamasamba, onjezani mchenga, peat ndi humus pamenepo. Bzalani chomeracho mu msanganizo womalizidwa.
Kuti kubzala ndi chisamaliro cha begonias kunyumba kuti zibweretse zotsatira zoyenera, ndikofunikira, choyamba, kuti zibzalidwe moyenera.
Drainage imayikidwa pansi pa chidebe chophika. Gawo lotsatira (masentimita atatu) ndi makala, omwe amathandizira poteteza ku zowola. Kenako chomera chokhala ndi dothi laling'ono chimayikidwa pano. Zotsatira zake zimadzazidwa ndi dothi lokonzekera. Pambuyo pa izi, begonia imamwetsedwa madzi ambiri.
Ndikofunikira kubzala mbewu m'ma March. Nthawi yomweyo, kuwala kokwanira kumawonekera kwa begonias achinyamata.
Mitundu yambiri ya Queen of the Tropics imayamba kumera m'matayala osayikidwa m'nthaka. Amayikidwa m'zipinda zoyatsidwa bwino kutentha kutentha kosachepera madigiri 16 ndi chinyezi chachikulu. Chomera chikazika mizu, chimabzyala pamalo okhazikika kumayambiriro kwamasika.
Ndikofunikanso kudziwa momwe mungasungitsire moyenera kubowo. Pamene ikukula ndikuyambira, kumakhala kofunikira kuti isunthire mumphika wina. Kuti muchite izi, choyamba, dothi limathiridwa ndi madzi ambiri kuti mbewuyo ichotsedwe mwaulere pamenepo. Ndikwabwino kuiika tsiku lotsatira kuti nthaka isanyowe, koma yonyowa pang'ono.
Ngati chomera chili kale mumphika watsopano, ndikofunikira kuti mudzaze ndi dothi mpaka pomwepo ndikuwadzaza ndi madzi. Pakatha sabata, dothi limakhala pansi ndipo dothi limayamba kuwuma. Ngati ndi kotheka, onjezerani dothi losowa. Mkati mwa sabata loyamba, begonia singathe kuthiriridwa, koma kumangothiridwa magazi nthawi ndi nthawi. Chitetezanso mosamala ku zojambula zowunikira komanso zowala bwino.
Ngati begonia sikumera, chisamaliro chanyumba chimaphatikizapo kudulira nthambi za chomera nthawi ndi nthawi. Makamaka pambuyo kumuika. Njirayi imathandizira kupanga tchire lokongola ndi mitundu yokongoletsera.
Kubwezeretsanso kukongola kwakunja
Duwa lapadera lotentha limafalikira m'njira zingapo:
- njira yofesa mbewu;
- tuber kugawanika;
- kudula;
- kulekanitsa tchire;
- kudula nthangala.
Nthawi yoyenera kubereka begonias ndi masika kapena mwezi woyamba chilimwe.
Kufesa mbewu
Kufesa mbewu ndikulimbikitsidwa kumapeto kwa dzinja kapena sabata yoyamba ya Marichi. Amamwazikana pansi mbiya yapadera. Popanda kuphimba pamwamba ndi pansi, kuphimba ndi galasi ndikunyamula pamalo otentha, owala. Mutha kuthirira pansi ndi kutsitsi.
Mtengo wachitatu ukawonekera, begonia imakodwa kwa nthawi yoyamba. Pambuyo 2 miyezi yachiwiri. Kenako begonias amaziika m'miphika ina komwe amazikhira. Ndi wopanda kuwala, kuunikira kowonjezerapo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mukayamba kufesa mbewu, mbewuzo zimaphuka mwachangu.
Gawoli la Tuber
Njira yofalitsira iyi imachitika ndikudula tubonia tizidutswa. Malo omwe amadulira amatsanulidwa ndi makala kuti amume. Pambuyo pake zimamera m'maluwa kapena maluwa.
Kudula
Pa kufalikira cuttings ayenera kukhala 3 masamba. Zigawo ziyenera kukonkhedwa ndi mpweya woyatsidwa. Zomera zimayamba mu 1 mwezi pamtunda wa madigiri 21 ndi chinyezi chachikulu.
Magawano mabasi
Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mitengo ya begonia. Chitsamba chonse pamodzi ndi muzu chimadulidwa mzidutswa. Kenako mumabzala m'maluwa osiyana maluwa.
Kudula kwa Rhizome
Njirayi ndiyofunika kugwiritsa ntchito kasupe, poika mbewu. Ndikofunikira kudula phokoso kuti mphukira yokhala ndi muzu ndi impso ipezeke. Gawo lirilonse limabzalidwa mumphika wosiyana.
Zachisoni zenizeni - matenda
Zimakhala zachisoni kuona pamene begonia itaya masamba kapena masamba. Nthawi zina pamakhala mpweya wouma kumbuyo kwake, kusowa kwa madzi kapena kuwala. Mavuto otere amathetsedwa mosavuta.
Koma mbewu ikagwetsa kangaude kapena nsabwe, pamafunika khama lochulukirapo. Tizilombo timakhala kumbuyo kwa tsamba ndipo, monga khungu la khansa, timadya chakudya chomera. Kuti tichotse tizirombo toyambitsa matenda, tikulimbikitsidwa kupopera masamba odwala ndi zinthu zapadera.
Begonia, izi, sangathe kuthokoza mbuye wake chifukwa choganizira komanso chisamaliro. Koma, lidzayeretseratu mpweya mchipindacho. Adzakupatsani zabwino zamaluwa. Akongoletseni kanyumba kapanja kapena munda. Ndipo amakumbukiranso kukongola kwa paradaiso wapadziko lapansi amene adakhalapo padziko lapansi.
