Othandizira zakudya kuyambira kale anavula chipewa chawo kutsogolo kwa zukini. Sikuti limangokhala ndi potaziyamu yambiri (mpaka 238 mg pa 100 g), pali sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, mkuwa ndi chitsulo, mipweya ya asidi, mavitamini C, B1, B2, komanso kuchuluka kwa sodium ndi potaziyamu kumasungidwa pafupifupi bwino (1: 100). Ngati timalankhula za kilocalories, ndiye mu magalamu 100 a zukini watsopano, alipo 27 okha.
Chifukwa cha zonsezi, zukini, kukhazikika m'zakudya za anthu athanzi, zimawathandiza kuti azikhala choncho kwanthawi yayitali. Uku ndikukonzanso vitamini C, komanso kupewa magazi m'thupi ndi atherosulinosis, ndikusintha kwamatumbo athunthu. Ndipo kwa omwe akudziwa adotolo, zukini ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri azakudya. Amalimbikitsidwa kumatenda am'mimba, ndulu ya chikhodzodzo, duodenum, matenda oopsa, kunenepa kwambiri, kuchepa magazi komanso matenda amtima.
Zukini. © nocivegliaMadzi a squash ndi ochepa kwambiri pama calories, motero amalimbikitsidwa kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuchepa thupi, kumwa iwo kumalepheretsa kunenepa kwambiri ndikuletsa kutsekemera kwa cholesterol yowonjezera mthupi. Timabzala masamba athu mosangalala ndipo mudzalandira mavitamini ambiri komanso thanzi!
Zukini (Cucurbita pepo var. giromontina) ndi chitsamba chosiyanasiyana chungu ndi zipatso zopota, popanda zotupa.
Chomera chamadzi pachaka chamtundu wamtundu wa dzungu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yodziwika. Zipatso za oblong zimatha kukhala zobiriwira, zachikaso, zakuda kapena zoyera. Zakudya zamafuta mosavuta komanso zopatsa thanzi zomwe zimathandiza kugaya chakudya komanso khungu.
Zucchini amachokera kumpoto kwa Mexico (Oaxaca Valley), pomwe poyamba panali nthanga zake zokha. Pumpkin adabwera ku Europe m'zaka za zana la 16 limodzi ndi "zinthu zosangalatsa" zobwera kuchokera ku New World. Poyamba, zukini, monga zodabwitsa zambiri, adalima m'minda yazomera. Masiku ano ndizovuta kulingalira zakudya za ku Mediterranean popanda masamba awa. Amakhulupirira kuti Ataliyana m'zaka za XVIII adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zukini wosavomerezeka, monga momwe timachitiranso masiku ano.
Kufesa mbewu ndikubzala mbande za zukini
Kwa mbande, nyani miphika yonse ya peat 10x10 masentimita kukula, kutsanulira osakaniza a peat ndi humus mwa iwo, kapena pezani malo okonzekera nkhaka, kutsanulira madzi ofunda ndikubzala mbewu zokonzedwa mozama masentimita 2-3.
Mbande zimamera pamtunda wa 18 18 ° C. Thirani mbande ndi madzi ofunda (22 ° C) pamlingo wa magalasi 1-2 pamphika umodzi kamodzi kwa masiku 10-12. Nthawi yonseyi yakukula mbande, imadyetsedwa ma 2.
Mbande za zukini. © JoanChovala choyambirira chapamwamba chimachitika patatha masiku 8-10 zitamera. Mu madzi okwanira 1 litre, 1 g ya Bud imasungidwa (Kukula patsogolo). Madzi okwanira ndi kapu imodzi yamadzi awiri. Chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba chimachitika masiku 8-10 pambuyo woyamba. Mu 2 l lamadzi, supuni 1 ya "Agricola-5" imasungunulidwa ndikuthiriridwa pamlingo 1 chikho cha yankho pa chomera chimodzi.
30-30-day-mbande yobzala amabzala panthaka pabedi, yomwe imakutidwa ndi filimu isanayambike nyengo yotentha. Njira yodzala zukini ndi masentimita 70x70. Kubzala mbande kumachitika m'mawa kapena m'masiku otentha. Mukabzala mu bowo, onetsetsani kuti miphika imapanikizidwa ndi dothi ndipo masentimita 2-3 pansi pake. Ndiwowonjezeranso ku chitsime musanabzale mchere wophatikizira wa zotsatirazi: 0,5 zidebe za humus kapena kompositi, 5 g wa urea, 20 g wa superphosphate, 10 g wa potaziyamu mankhwala ena. Mukabzala zukini, kuthirira ndikofunikira (malita 1-2 a madzi pachomera chimodzi).
Zukini zithafesedwa m'malo angapo padzuwa, malo otentha. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito malo ang'onoang'ono aulere pambewu imodzi kapena ziwiri. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, mbewu izi zimakula bwino ndikupanga zipatso zambiri. Mukamasankha tsamba, munthu ayenera kukumbukira kuti ndizosatheka kukula zukini m'malo omwe mbewu za maungu zidalimidwa zaka zapitazo.
Zukini mbande zofesedwa pansi. © Lance FisherPakakhala nyengo yabwino, zukini zithafesedwa m'malo opanda zibowo m'mundamu mogwirizana ndi mbewu zomwezo (70x70 cm). Kubzala kumachitika kuyambira Meyi 1 mpaka June 10. Bedi limakonzedwa komanso mbande. M'chitsime chilichonse, mbewu ziwiri zimafesedwa ndikuchuluka kwa masentimita 2-3 kutalika kwa masentimita 5 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Pakumera mbeu zonse ziwiri, chomera chimodzi chimachotsedwa kapena ndikuyika kwina.
Pambuyo pofesa mbewu kapena kubzala mbande, kamawo umakutidwa ndi chophimba kapena filimu. Ngati chisanu chikuwonjezera, kutentha kwina ndikofunikira. Kanemayo amachotsedwa m'munda pambuyo pa Juni 12-15. Kuti mupeze mbewu ya zukini kuti izisungirako yozizira, nthanga zimafesedwa kuyambira pa 1 June mpaka 10.
Chisamaliro
Nthano za zukini ziyenera kutetezedwa ku akhwangwala ndi zibowo zomwe zimakhomera. Kuti muchite izi, mumapachika mapepala kapena filimu, ngati kuti mumateteza sitiroberi.
Kusamalira zukini, ngakhale zitabzalidwa ndi njere kapena kubzala ndi mbande, zimakhala ndi kumasula nthaka, kuchotsa udzu, kuthilira, kuvala pamwamba.
Kutula kwadothi koyambirira kumachitika mbande zikaonekera kapena patatha masiku 5-7 mutabzala, nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa ndi namsongole womera. Ngati zukini wabzala chifukwa chofesa mbewu, ndiye kuti tsamba loyambilira lowonekera litamera, mbewuzo zimapetedwa, ndikusiya imodzi mu dzenjelo. Nthawi yomweyo, mbewu siziyenera kutulutsidwa pansi ndi mizu, koma kuti zizikoloweka panthaka.
Maluwa ndi zipatso za squash. © udextensionZomera zimathiriridwa madzi pafupipafupi, pafupifupi nthawi imodzi m'masiku 10, pa 8-10 l / m2, nthawi ya zipatso, kuthilira kumachulukitsidwa. Ndikofunikira kuthirira mbewu masana pokhapokha ndi madzi ofunda osachepera 22-25 ° ะก. Mukathilira ndi madzi ozizira, kuwola kwambiri kwa thumba losunga mazira kotheka. Pakutha kwa nyengo yokulira masiku 7-10 asanakolole, kuthirira kumayimitsidwa kuti pasawononge zipatsozo.
Kuchokera kuthirira pafupipafupi ku zukini, muzu mutha kuwululidwa, womwe uyenera kuphimbidwa ndi dothi wosanjikiza masentimita 3-5. Mugawo la masamba enieni a 3-4, mbewuzo ziyenera kuzimbitsidwa, chifukwa izi zimathandizira pakupanga mizu yowonjezereka. Koma ndikofunikira kulima ndikubweretsa dothi. Zukini sizingakhale utoto ngati mbatata, kumasula nthaka ndi wowaza kwa mbewu. Pochita izi, mumawononga mizu ndipo, m'malo mothandizira, zimayambitsa kuvulaza mbewuyo.
Nthawi yomweyo, mbewu zimadyetsedwa koyamba pamlingo wa 10 malita a madzi, 20 g ya ammonium nitrate, 40 g wa superphosphate ndi 20 g wa feteleza wa potashi, akumagwiritsa ntchito ndowa yothirira mbewu 10. Kachiwiri kuvala pamwamba kumachitika nthawi ya maluwa kutengera 10 l lamadzi, 20 g wa phosphorous ndi 40 g wa feteleza wa potashi wazomera 5-6. Nthawi yomweyo, kusankha feteleza wa potashi, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zukini sizilekerera chlorine; potaziyamu sulfate iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zimapezeka chifukwa chovala mbewu ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mullein (1:10) kapena zitosi za nkhuku (1:15).
Zukini, chomera. © CristinaChofunikira pakupeza mbewu yayitali ya zukini ndikupanga zinthu zofunikira kuti mungu ukhale maluwa. Chifukwa chake, kukonza mungu, ndikofunikira kufalitsa masamba a mbewu mwachangu, ndikupatsitsani maluwa ndi tizilombo. Ndipo kuti mukope tizilombo, muyenera kusungunulira supuni 1 ya uchi mu kapu yamadzi ndikumapopera mbewu zotulutsa maluwa ndi yankho lake m'mawa.
Omwe alimi ambiri amalimbikira kuti maluwa amphongo azikhala ndi madzi a shuga tsiku limodzi ndipo maluwa azimayi amatsanulidwa ndi yankho lake.
Ngati nyengo ndi yotentha kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo mulibe tizilombo konse, ndiye kuti kupukusa kwamaluwa ndikofunikira. Kuti achite izi, amang'amba maluwa amphongo, ndikudula matumba ake ndikuthira mungu m'madzi a maluwa achikazi (pakati pa duwa). Ndi maluwa amphongo amodzi, awiri aakazi amatha kupanikizika.
Tisaiwale kuti zukini silingalekerere chinyezi chachikulu, ngati mukukula zucchini pansi pa filimuyo nthawi yonse yotentha, ndiye kuti kuzizira kwa chisanu m'mawa nyengo yotentha, muyenera kukweza filimuyo kuchokera kumalekezero onse ndikulowetsa pogona ponsepo kapena kukonza filimu yonse, i.e. ili ndi mabowo ambiri.
Kutolera ndi kusungira zukini
Nthawi yochokera ku maluwa mpaka pakapangidwe zukini ndi masiku 15-20. Zokolola zimayamba kukololedwa zipatsozo zikafika mphukira, ndiye kuti, kutalika kwa 15 cm ndi masentimita 5-7. Pakadali pano, tsinde lawo limakhala ndi zipatso ndipo zipatso zimadulidwa mosavuta ndi mpeni.
Zukini. © Julian ColtonPakakhala zabwino zakunja, zipatsozo zimamera mwachangu, ndipo panthaka yachonde chomera chilichonse chimabala zipatso 15 mpaka 15 pakulima.
Munthawi yakula kwambiri, zipatso zimayenera kukololedwa tsiku lililonse, osazilola kuti zitulutse. Kudya zipatso kosamveka bwino kumachepetsa mapangidwe a mazira amtsogolo. Kuphatikiza apo, pankhani ya kulawa, zipatso zosankhidwa ndi nthawi yake zimakhala zabwino kwambiri kuposa zochulukitsidwa.
Kukula kwa zukini kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kukhudza: peel iyenera kukhala yolimba, ndipo ikajambulidwa, kumveka mawu osamveka.
Zukini amatengedwa, ndikusiya thunthu lalitali. Ngati ndi kotheka, azikhala ndi dzuwa masiku angapo, kuti khungu limayimitsidwa ndikuuma. Zipatso siziyenera kukhudzidwa ndi chisanu, chifukwa izi zimakhudza kwambiri kusunga zipatso.
Zelentsy zukini amasungidwa bwino pa kutentha kwa 0-2 ° C kwa masiku 12-14, kenako zipatsozo zimachepa, ndipo zimayamba kukhala coarser.
Kucha zukini zipatso zitha kusungidwa m'malo owuma, podutsa mpweya kapena moyenera kwa miyezi 4-5. Amasungidwa kamodzi mu maukonde omwe amachotsedwa padenga, kapena amawaika mashelufu okhala ndi udzu. Komabe, sayenera kulumikizana.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Anthracnose
Amawonetsedwa m'malo owoneka bwino, osawoneka bwino pamasamba a mbewu zobzalidwa pamalo otetezedwa. Amawerengeka, akuwonjezereka, kuphatikiza, kuphimba gawo lalikulu la pepalalo, ndikupangitsa kuti iwoneke ngati yoyaka. Kenako masamba amasandulika bulauni, owuma komanso owuma. Maofesi amtundu wa Orange pamiyendo ndi zimayambira.
- Njira zoyendetsera. Kutsatira kusintha kwa zipatso ndi kuwonongedwa kwa zotsalira kukolola; kukonza mafelemu wowonjezera kutentha ndi matabwa m'malo obiriwira okhala ndi bulitchi (200 g pa 10 l yamadzi). Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa zikaonekera, mbewuzo zimathandizidwa ndi 1% Bordeaux madzimadzi, koma pasanathe masiku 5 kututa.
Ascochitosis
Zimakhudza masamba ndi zimayambira za mbewu zomwe zimabzala pamalo otetezedwa. Zizindikiro za matendawa zimawonedwa pamiyendo ya tsinde, pamasamba osakhwima amtundu wa masamba ndi mphukira, kenako zimafalikira mpaka pansi. Amabala amtundu wokhala ndi madontho akuda pamalo omwe akhudzidwa. Matenda amtundu amadziwikanso, kuyambira m'munsi, kufooka komanso kuchepera pang'ono, m'malo amtundu wa chlorotic okhala ndi madontho akuda ambiri.
- Njira zoyendetsera. Kusintha nthaka yoipitsidwa; tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisanabzale; kutsatira mulingo woyenera boma akamakula mbewu; kufota kwa madera omwe akhudzidwa ndi matendawa, kusakaniza kwa sulfuric acid mkuwa ndi choko (1: 1).
Bacteriosis, kapena angular mawanga
Yogawidwa mu zukini wobzala m'nthaka yothina, imakhudza ziwalo zonse za mbeu. Zizindikiro zake ndi kuwala kwamtundu wa cotyledons, mawanga owoneka bwino pamasamba, omwe pang'onopang'ono amayamba kuda ndi kupukuta. Minofu yomwe ikukhudzidwa imagwera. M'malo mwa mahara owuma mafuta, zilonda zam'mimba. Pazomera zamatenda, pamamenyera pang'onopang'ono madzi amtambo wachikasu. Zikauma, amapanga filimu.
- Njira zoyendetsera. Kutsata kuzungulira kwa mbewu; kubwezeretsa nthaka; pomwe zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa zimawonekera, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi 1% Bordeaux madzimadzi. Mankhwalawa akubwerezedwa pambuyo masiku 10-12.
Zola zowola
Zimakhudza ziwalo zonse zamadzungu, zimadziwoneka ngati kakhalidwe koyera, komwe madontho akuda amapezeka. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timakhala zofewa komanso mucilage, mbewuyo imafota kenako nkufa.
- Njira zoyendetsera. Kusinthana kwa zikhalidwe. Kukhazikitsa nkhaka pambuyo nyemba, anyezi kapena kabichi; mankhwalawa odwala matenda amowa ndi makala opyapyala, laimu kapena choko; foliar pamwamba kuvala mbewu (1 g ya zinc sulfate, 2 - wa vitriol ndi 10 g wa urea pa 10 L ya madzi).
Powdery mildew
Zimakhudza masamba ndi zimayambira kuyambira kukula kwawo, amawoneka chlorotic, underdeveloped ngakhale kufa. Malo oyera oyera owoneka bwino amawoneka pamasamba akale pamphepete, kuchuluka ndi kukula kwake komwe kumachulukana, amaphatikizana. Masamba amakhala opepuka kapena achikasu wobiriwira, makwinya ndi kuda.
- Njira zoyendetsera. Kutembenuza kwambewu; kukuwa kwakuzama kwa nyundo; Kuchotsa masamba okhudzidwa, zinyalala zaudzu ndi namsongole; kusunga mu greenh m'nyumba kutentha 20-25 ° C ndi chinyezi chokwanira. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa zikaonekera, mbewuzo zimapakidwa kangapo ndi masiku 8-9 ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mullein kapena fumbi la hay, makamaka mbali zonse za masamba. Ndi kufalikira kosalekeza, cholinga cha matenda chimathandizidwa ndi sulufule kapena kuwaza ndi sodium 80% colloidal sulfure.
Tikuyembekezera langizo lanu pakukula kwathu!
