Kusamalira bwino maluwa a calla kunyumba

Kalika ndi maluwa okongola komanso okongola. Posachedwa, yatchuka kwambiri ndi akatswiri otulutsa maluwa komanso ojambula malo popereka mkati mwake chiphokoso ndi chiphunzitso.

Kusamalira Panyumba

Pet osasamala za momwe angasamalire kunyumba. Komabe, kuti maluwa azikula bwino komanso kukula bwino, ndikofunikira kuti muwone mbali zina za chisamaliro.

Kusamalira kunyumba kosavuta

Chinyezi ndi chipinda kuthirira

Calla amakonda kuthirira kotsika. Izi zili choncho makamaka kwa toyesa toyera. Chifukwa chake, munthawi yogwira ntchito, chomera chimafunika kuthiriridwa madzi pafupipafupi, koma madzi osayenda sayenera kuloledwa.

Popewa kukokoloka, kuthirira mbewu ndikofunikira ndikofunika kuti dothi likhale losalala (osapitirira 1 cm). Madzi ochokera poto ayenera kuthiriridwa mphindi 15 mutathirira.

Zomera zamakola osafunikira kwambiri pakulamulira. Kubwerezanso kuthirira ndikofunikira pokhapokha dothi likoma pafupifupi masentimita 3. Kutsirira ndikofunikira ndi madzi ofunda kapena kutentha kwa chipinda.

Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuthirira nthaka kokha m'mphepete mwa chidebe chomwe duwa limamera.

Pambuyo pa miyezi 1-2, pomwe calla imayamba kukonzekera nthawi yopuma, kuthirira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa, koma utoto umayima kwathunthu.

Ziweto ndizofunikira kwambiri pa chinyezi, makamaka zoyera. Afunika chinyezi pafupifupi 80%. Makamaka ngati chipindacho chili chotentha kwambiri.

Kuti muwonetsetse izi, muyenera kuyika miphika yamaluwa mumatayala okhala ndi timiyala tonyowa. Komanso kawiri patsiku tikulimbikitsidwa kupopera masamba a mbewu kapena kuwapukuta.

Masamba opukutira amathandiza kuwonjezera chinyezi

Mitundu yamtundu wa callas siyokhala ndi mitundu yambiri. Pafupifupi 60% chinyezi ndizokwanira iwo. Koma miphika imalimbikitsidwanso kuti ikayikidwe m'matreyi okhala ndi miyala tambiri kapena sphagnum. Pankhaniyi, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndikosayenera kwa utoto.

Madzi oyenda kupyola m'mitengo amatha kuwapangitsa kuti avunde. Chifukwa chake ayenera m'malo mwa kupaka masamba.

Kutentha ndi kuyatsa

Mphamvu yotentha ya zomwe zili zoyera ndi mitundu ndiyosiyana. Pali lamulo wamba: kutentha okwanira kuphatikizidwa ndi mpweya wouma kumatha kuwononga mbewuyo ndi tizirombo.

Pakati pawo, nsabwe za m'masamba, nthata za kangaude ndi zopondera ziyenera kusiyanitsidwa. Komanso, kuphatikiza kotereku ndizowopsa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa maluwa.

Munthawi yamasamba, zipatso zoyera ziyenera kusungidwa pa kutentha kwa madigiri 20. Kenako maluwa Kutentha kumachepetsedwa mpaka madigiri 10. Kutentha kumene, mbewuyo imapumula kwa miyezi iwiri.

Makope amtundu wabwino amakhala bwino kwambiri ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kumafika madigiri 24. Kuti maluwa ayalidwa bwino, ndipo ma tubers akhwima mwachangu, mbewuzo zimasungidwa pamtunda wa madigiri 27 mutamasulira kwa mwezi umodzi.

Ma callas amakonda kuwala obalalika, koma amayenera kutetezedwa ku kuwala kwa dzuwa. Kupanda kuyatsa kungakhudze mbewu. Malingaliro amtundu amwalira. Ndipo azungu akhoza kukana kuphuka konse.

Nthaka ndi feteleza

Calla ndikwanira amafunikira kufumbi. Nthaka yachonde ndiyofunika kwa iye. Mutha kugula dothi lopangidwa kale, lomwe limapangidwira mbewu zosavomerezeka.

Komabe, olima maluwa odziwa bwino amakonda kukonzekera gawo lokhalo.

Mutha kupanga dothi za izi:

1. Humus
2. Turf dziko;
3. Dziko lamasamba;
4. Mchenga;
5. Masamba

Zigawo zonse ziyenera kumwedwa poyerekeza ndi 30: 30: 30: 5: 5 (in%).

Ndikofunikanso kuwonjezera superphosphate pakapangidwe (supuni 1 pa malita atatu a dothi).

Mu nthawi yogwira ntchito kuvala pamwamba ndikofunikira nthawi zonse. Pankhaniyi, amafunika kuti asinthanitse kuvala kwachilengedwe ndi mchere. Asanakhale maluwa, sikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza okhala ndi nayitrogeni.

Ngati inflorescence atapangidwa kale, feteleza wotereyu amakhala nthawi yake.

Kulowetsedwa kwa ma Shell kumakhala ngati kuvala bwino kwa ziweto

Nthawi yamaluwa, ma callas amatha kudyetsedwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa zipolopolo za mazira. M'chilimwe, ndikofunikira kupanga madiresi apamwamba kamodzi masabata awiri.

Kusamalira nyumba ndi dimba

Munda callas chikondi acidic dothi komanso kuthirira. Ndikwabwino kubzala mbewu pafupi ndi dziwe, mwachitsanzo pafupi ndi dziwe, ngati lilipo. Kuthirira mbewu kuyenera kukhala zochulukirapo. Mukathirira madzulo, dothi lozungulira duwa liyenera kumasulidwa.

Sikoyenera kudyetsa ngati dothi lalemeretsedwa ndi feteleza wa michere ndi organic. Ngati dothi silili bwino, ndiye kuti mutha kupanga feteleza womwe umapangira maluwa.

Kuti muwonjezere acidity ya dothi m'madzi othirira, nthawi zina mutha kuwonjezera viniga kapena citric acid.

Zomera zonse ziwiri komanso zophuka muyenera kukumba mu Seputembala. Zimafunikira kusungitsa mbeu m'chipinda chozizira pa kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 5. Mu nthawi yamasika, mbewu zosakidwa (zopangidwira) zimabzalidwe munthaka.

Malowo pamundawo azikhala otseguka komanso owala.

Kubzala maluwa m'munda m'malo owala ndikulimbikitsidwa

Chifukwa chake, malamulo osamalira pakhomo komanso m'munda ndi ofanana. Kusiyana kokhako ndikuti ma callas oyika mbiya ayenera kukumbidwa koyambirira kwa Julayi. Kwa iye kudula masamba owala akale ndi mphukira. Kenako ndikuziika mumphika watsopano.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Matenda nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa chosasamala komanso kusamalira chidwi chomera. Nthawi zambiri, matenda amayamba chifukwa cha matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Pofuna kupewa matenda, momwe dothi liyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala.

Sayenera kuuma ndipo sipayenera kukhala chinyezi mkati mwake. Timafunikiranso kuteteza mbewu kuti isayang'anitsidwe ndi dzuwa kuti isayake, komanso itetezeni ku zojambula.

Matenda odziwika kwambiri:

• Kubwera imvi kumabweretsa chinyontho chowonjezeka cha mpweya ndi nthaka. Zikuwoneka ngati zokutira imvi. Amathandizidwa ndi fungicides ndi kupuma kanyumba kanyumba;
• Kuthirira kwambiri nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kuvunda kwa mizu. Ngati duwa lingapulumutsidwe, ndiye kuti nthaka iyenera kusinthidwa ndi youma, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kumayenera kuchepetsedwa. M'pofunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a fungicidal;
• Maluwa atagunda bakiteriya zowola, ndiye kuti imatha kuwonongedwa nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa matendawa sikuti amathandizidwa;
• Kupanda maluwa - Izi ndi zotsatira za kusasamala kwake mu nthawi yamasamba, kusowa kwa kuwala komanso zakudya.

Ngati muperekanso chisamaliro moyenera, ndiye kuti nthenda zitha kuyiwalika. Matenda aliwonse ndiosavuta kupewa.

Pakati pa tizirombo tidziwike:

• Spider mite. Malo awo amakhala pansi masamba. Kuti muwononge tizilombo, tsukani masamba ndi madzi a sopo. Ngati izi sizithandiza, ndiye kuti nkhondoyi imachitika ndi mankhwala apadera;
• Ma nsabwe. Zochita zake zimayambitsa chikasu cha masamba, masamba a chomera. Mutha kuthana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba mothandizidwa ndi yankho la sopo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ("Actara", "Spark" ndi ena).

Ndi matenda ati omwe angayambitse imfa

Choyamba, duwa amafa chifukwa chakugonjetsedwa kwa zowola za bakiteriya, zomwe zidafotokozedwa pamwambapa.

Popewa matendawa, muyenera kusankha kokha ma tuber apamwamba komanso athanzi, komanso kukonzekera kapena kukhala ndi gawo loyenerera.

Kuphatikiza apo, mbewuyo iyenera kusamalidwa bwino.

Kachiwiri chifukwa imfa ya calla mwina muzu zowola. Osamwetsa madzi kwambiri kuti apange madzi osayenda. Thirirani chomera pokhapokha madziwo atapuma.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati masamba awuma ndi kutembenukira chikasu

Nthawi zambiri eni ake okongolawa amakumana ndi vuto ngati chikaso komanso kuyanika masamba. Zifukwa zake ndi ziti?

• Masamba achikasu zitha kuchitika chifukwa chodontha m'nthaka. Izi ndizowopsa kuphatikiza ndi mpweya wochepa;
• Masamba achikasu zitha kukhala chifukwa chatsopano chomera;
• Ngati masamba akuwuma, chifukwa chimatha kukhala chouma kwambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri. Komanso mbewuyo imayenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa.

Thirani

Zomera nthawi zina zimafunika kuziika. Zomera zimabzalidwa mukamamera mbande, komanso mutagula mbewu m'sitolo.

Kuika woyamba mmera wofunikira itatha kulimbikitsidwa. Kuti muchulukane mufunika chidebe chokulirapo ndi chachikulu. Denga lamadzi lofunikira pansi pake. Mchenga umatengedwa ngati ngalande.

Gawo lamadzi lothiriridwa limatsanuliridwa pamwamba. Mbande zibzalidwa m'maenje osaya. Ndikofunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito zokuthandizira pakukula, koma kukonza kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamalitsa.

Calla wogula mu shopuyo iyenera kuikidwira mumphika wambiri komanso wambiri. Dothi losintha lifunika acidic, ikhoza kukonzedwa palokha, ikhoza kugulidwa m'sitolo.

Pambuyo pogula m'sitolo, maluwa amafunikira chisamaliro choyambirira - kupatsirana ndikukhazikika

Mitundu ya achikulire imasinthidwa kumapeto kwa yophukira.

Kuswana

Itha kufalikira m'njira zitatu:

1. Tubers;
2. Njira;
3. Mbewu.

Tubers

Kubzala Tuber ndikoyenera kwa ma callas achikuda. Chomwe chimagona pakugawikana kwa ma tubers othandizira kuchokera kwa mayi. M'masitolo ogulitsa maluwa mungagule zinthu zodzala izi.

Komabe maina a mwana wamkazi zochepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, amafunika kuti akule. Izi zimachitika ndikukulitsa timinabowo tating'ono ta 4 cm.

Tubers itha kubzalidwe pamalo otseguka kapena mumphika mu Epulo. Kutentha m'chipindacho kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi madigiri 20, koma osachepera.

Mphukira

Kuti mupeze zowonjezera ndizofunikira patulani mbaliyo ndi tsinde lalikulu. Kenako njirayi imayenera kuzika mizu mum michere.

Mukazika mizu, njirazi zitha kuikidwa mumphika. Iyenera kukhala ndi dothi labwino ndi dothi labwino lokwanira.

Mbewu

Kufalikira kwa mbewu ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri. Chovuta chachikulu ndikumera kovuta kwambiri kwa mbeu. Nthawi zina ngakhale olima maluwa odziwa zambiri sangathe kutulutsa.

Momwe kukula mu mbewu:

• Asanadzafese mbewu zake amafunika gwiritsitsani yankhozomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa maola 6;
• Kenako, mkati mwa sabata, mbewuzo zimayenera kusungidwa pamalo otentha;
• Njira zikapangidwa pa njere, zimafunika kuti zibzalidwe mumphika;
• Kufesa mbewu ayenera akuya osaposa 1 cm;
• Osathirira mbewu pafupipafupi komanso mokwanira, izi zimatha kuwola;
• Ndi bwino kuthilira pansi pa bowo lomwe lili pansi pamphika.

Kusamalira pambuyo maluwa

Maluwa oyera atayera, matenthedwe amasinthidwa, potoyo imasunthidwa kumalo abwino-oyatsidwa, ndipo kuthirira kumachepetsedwa.

Chakumapeto kwa Julayi, kutha ndikofunikira kuziika mumphika watsopanopochotsa timapepala takale. Kenako mbewuyo imayenera kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri ndikudyetsedwa pafupipafupi kukakonzera maluwa kutuwa lotsatira. Chomera cham'munda sichifunikira kukumbidwa mpaka kugwa.

Zomera zobiriwira zimakumbidwa kumapeto kwa Seputembala. Zomera zimayeretsedwa bwino bwino ndikuchapa dziko lapansi ndikutsukidwa.

Ndiye kwa milungu iwiri amayenera kusungidwa ndi kutentha kosaposa 10 digiri. Kenako muyenera kuchotsa masamba akale.

Pa nthawi yozizira, tuber imatsukidwa bwino

Zomera zakunyumba za calla

Kalila Zokhudza banja la Aroid. Komwe mbewuyo imabadwira ku South Africa. Mutha kukumana ndi chomera makamaka m'malo a marshy ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Nyengo sakhala ntchito yayikulu. Kalla amatha kumera ku Europe, ndi ku Russia, komanso kumwera kwa Africa.

Kuchokera pachilankhulo chachi Greek, dzina la duwa limamasuliridwa kuti "wokongola."

Zothandiza pakukongoletsa kwamkati m'chipindacho, m'munda, komanso zowoneka bwino maluwa. Zosankha zamasamba zimatulutsa fungo labwino.

Anthu ena amaganiza kuti calla fungo kukumbukira za chinanaziena ndi vanila. Maluwa akunyumba alibe fungo.

Mitundu ndi mafotokozedwe ake

Choyera (molakwika chotchedwa kala kapena koala) ndi chizindikiro cha kuyera. Awa ndi maluwa okongola modabwitsa. Ndiwokongola popanga zokongola, kuphatikizapo zaukwati. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazokongoletsera zamkati ndi maukwati.

Chophimba chawo chochititsa chidwi chili ndi mtundu woyera woyera. Pakati pa duwa pamatha kukhala wachikasu, pinki, wobiriwira, lalanje, kutengera mitundu ya mitundu. White calla pachimake imayamba kumapeto kwa masika komanso kumakhala mpaka kumapeto kwa chirimwe.

Calla ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Sakanizani

Maluwa okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa. Kukongola kwamaluwa oterewa kumawoneka wachikaso, pinki, wofiirira, burgundy ndi ena. Kutalika kwawo kumatha kufika 65 cm.

Ndizowoneka bwino kwambiri pazokongoletsera komanso zokongoletsera zamkati. Zomera zotere zimayambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe mpaka kumapeto kwa chirimwe.

Panyumba

Duwa lowoneka bwino komanso labwino kwambiri. Iye samatulutsa fungo, koma maluwa sangathe koma kusangalatsa eni. Ntchito yobereketsa imaloledwa kuswana mitundu yambiri yama callas apakhomo, yomwe khalani ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana maluwa.

Masamba ndi aatali komanso onyezimira. Amapangidwa ndimitima. Zovala zoyera, zapinki zapamwamba komanso zina zodziwika bwino zimakongoletsa windowsill iliyonse ndipo zimakondwera ndi maluwa ake nyengo yonse yachilimwe.

Azungu

Zomera za Rhizome, ndiye kuti zilibe mababu kapena ma tubers. Achikuda, m'malo mwake, ndi mbewu za tuber.

Masamba ali chozungulira kapena chowongoka chozungulira. Kutalika kwa tsamba lamapulogalamu kumatha kufika 14 cm, ndipo m'lifupi ndi 12. Pamtunda masamba ndi osalala komanso owala. Mtundu wa masamba amayimiriridwa ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira.

Mitundu ina imatha kukhala ndi masamba oyera pamphepete mwa masamba.

Pa phee lakukhazikika pali maluwa ang'onoang'ono ophimbidwa ndi chophimba. Chophimbacho chikuyimiriridwa ndi chowongolera chachikulu chowumbidwa ndi khosi.

Mbali yake yamkati mwachilengedwe ndi yoyera, ndipo zakunja - zobiriwira. Maluwa a calla amayamba pakati pa Meyi, ndipo amatha kumapeto kwa chilimwe.

Chifukwa chake, calla ndi maluwa okongola komanso abwino kwambiri. Ndili wokongola pakupanga chipinda ndi munda. Duwa ndiloyeneranso kupanga zokongola.

Komabe, ali pakati pa malo achinsinsi. Makamaka anthu omwe amatenga thukuta amaganiza kuti chomera chimakhala ndi mphamvu zoyipa. Mwatsatanetsatane tidasanthula momwe zinthu zinalili m'nkhaniyi chifukwa chake ma callas amatchedwa "maluwa a kufa".

Chiphuphu chilichonse chimafunika chisamaliro chabwino

Amadzitchinjiriza pochokaKomabe, kuti chomera chikhale chokongola komanso chathanzi, komanso kusangalatsa maluwa ake odabwitsa, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana mawonekedwe a chisamaliro ndikuwapatsa chidwi chochuluka.