Kuonekera koyamba kwa tizirombo m'mundamo kumawonedwa kumapeto kwa chirimwe ndi theka loyambirira la chilimwe. Kodi chiwopsezo cha nsabwe za m'masamba ndi chotani, momwe mungathanirane ndi tizilombo izi popanda kuwononga mbewu yamtsogolo?
Plum mungu wochokera m'mimba ndi mitundu ina
Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu yambiri ya nsabwe za m'masamba, zomwe pamlingo wina uliwonse zimapweteketsa m'munda ndi m'minda yobzala. Mwa plums, yamatcheri, plums, yamatcheri, apricots, yamapichesi ndi zina mwala zipatso zamitengo, imodzi mwazilombo zowopsa kwambiri ndizopaka mungu.
Tizilombo tating'ono tofiirira timene timakhazikika pamasamba ndi masamba, pa mphukira zazing'ono ndi kumbuyo kwa masamba otseguka kale. Ndi matenda ochulukirapo, magawo azomera amabisika kwathunthu pansi pa tiziromboti ndi mamba oyeera. Kudya timadziti tosakhazikika kwambiri, nsabwe za m'masamba zimayambitsa:
- kufooka kwa mphukira, ndikukhala nyama yogwidwa ndi tizirombo tina ndi kukhala wamphamvu kuposa ena omwe ali ndi vuto la kusowa kwa chakudya, kuziziritsa kozizira;
- Kusintha kwa masamba achichepere, potengera mawonekedwe a supuni kapena bwato;
- kuwonongeka kwakukulu pachomera yazipatso ndi fungus sooty ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- kugwa koyambirira kwa masamba ndi kukonzekera bwino mitengo nthawi yachisanu;
- kutsika kwa zokolola munthawi ino komanso yotsatira.
Pomwe nyengo yotentha imakhalapo, maula a mungu wochokera m'madzi amatha kupatsa mibadwo khumi. Nthawi yomweyo, mazira a tizilombo amayembekeza nthawi yozizira osati ming'alu yamakungwa, komanso pa udzu wapafupi, amakonda njere ndi mabango.
Ma aphid obiriwira pama plums amadziwika pamene kuchuluka kwa tizilombo ndizofunikira. Koma kupeza mtundu wakuda, wamtchire womwe suanyoza mitundu ina ya zipatso zamwala, ndizosavuta. Izi, zopatsa mibadwo 14, zilinso zowopsa. Kugonjera kumayambitsa kukhazikika kwathunthu kwa nsonga zazing'onoting'ono zazing'ono, kuchepa kwa kukula kwawo ndi masamba.
Ma nsabwe za mitundu yonse ndi owopsa chifukwa amatha kufalikira mwachangu. Anthu okhala ndi mapiko amasamukira okha, ndipo nyama zopanda mapiko zimasinthidwa kuchokera ku chomera kupita chomera ndi nyerere, zodyetsa nsabwe za m'masamba posaka chinsinsi cha tizilombo.
Kugwetsa mundawo ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tomwe timayambitsa matenda kungayambitse kufooketsa mitengo ndikuwonongeka kwa mbewu. Kodi kuthana ndi nsabwe za m'madzi pa kumira? Kodi ndi liti komanso ndi ziti zomwe akuyenera kuchita kuti akwaniritse izi?
Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri komanso zokhazikika zimatheka pokhapokha njira yophatikizira, kuphatikiza ntchito yoteteza munda, kuyang'anira zochitika zaulimi ndi kukonza pafupipafupi osati plums zokha, komanso pafupi ndi mbewu zomwe zikulima.
Ma aphid amisempha pa plums
Ma aphid amadzimadzi amawonongeka mosavuta ndi mankhwala aposachedwa. Gawo la ndalama zomwe zimapangidwira kuthana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba zimatchedwa nsabwe za m'masamba ndipo zimaphatikizapo mankhwala:
- kuwononga tiziromboti pakukhudzana ndi nthaka yochitidwayo;
- kulowa mkati ndi cell kuyamwa;
- kuchita mwadongosolo komanso kupereka zotheka.
Mitundu yomwe ikupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito malonda ilipo, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwononga adani ena a plums ndikusungunuka bwino m'madzi, zomwe zimachepetsa ndikuchepetsa mtengo wa kukonzanso.
Ndizosadabwitsa kuti poyankha funso kuti: "Ndichite chiyani ndi nsabwe za m'madzi kuzama?", Ambiri olima dimba popanda chikaikiro amakayikira kufunika kopopera mbewu mwachangu. Sikoyenera kuchedwa.
Popanda kulowererapo kwaumunthu, ma nsabwe m'masiku ochepa adzagwira gawo laling'ono la korona. Koma kunyalanyaza malamulo okhudzana ndi chitetezo ndikusayang'anira nthawi ya kukonza sikungokhala chiopsezo chomera, komanso kuvulaza thanzi la munthu.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndife njira yokhayo yolondola yowononga mbewu, komanso masika ndi nthawi yophukira, pomwe tizilombo tidakali mitundu. Kusankhidwa kwa mankhwala enaake kumatengera kuwonongeka kwa dimba, kupezeka kwa tizilombo tina nthambi, nthawi yomwe nsabwe za m'masamba zimazindikira ndi zomwe wokonda nyakulayo akufuna. Musanagonjetse nsabwe za m'madzi pach kumira, muyenera kukumbukira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuopseza:
- kuyaka kwa gawo lobiriwira la mbeu;
- kugwa kwamaluwa ndi ovary;
- kudzikundikira kwa mankhwala chipatso;
- kuwonongeka pakhungu, ziwalo za rhenium ndi kupuma kwamunthu.
Chifukwa chake, ziribe kanthu njira zamasamba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakufa, muyenera kutsatira malangizo, osayiwala chitetezo chanu.
Zomwe zimachitika pokonza ma plums kuchokera ku nsabwe zobiriwira
Kulimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba kumachitika mu magawo angapo. Ngati palibe tizilombo pamitengo, kapena ngati munthu aliyense wapezeka, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala sikuyenera. Ma nsabwe za m'masamba, makamaka mbande zazing'ono, zimawonongeka mosavuta ndi mankhwala azitsamba kapena wowerengeka pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a zitsamba, sopo kapena phulusa.
Wosamalira dimba amene amadziwa momwe angapangire nsabwe za m'madzi kuzama amafunika kuganizira nthawi yabwino kukonza zotere:
- Nthawi yoyamba njirayi imachitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe masamba asanatseguke. Ndikosatheka kuwona tizilombo panthawiyi. Koma ngati anaphimba mphukira zochuluka msimu watha, ndizotheka kuti pali mazira aphid pafupi ndi masamba ndi pansi pa korona.
- Mitengo yazipatso zimakonzedwanso pamalo opangira zipatso zobiriwira. Pakadali pano, chiwopsezo cha chiwonongeko cha mphutsi zomwe zaswidwa kale, ndikupanga magulu mamiliyoni ambiri, ndizokwera.
- Ngati mu April masitepe oti athane ndi ma aphid a maamu sanatengedwe kapena sanapereke zotsatira zake, ndikotheka kupopera maluwa omwe maluwa atatseguka ndipo atatsala pang'ono kugwa.
Pofuna kuti asaike pangozi thanzi lawo, mankhwala opangira mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku osakwana 30 zokolola zisanachitike. Zipatso zikathiridwa kale, komanso kugonjetsedwa ndizochepa, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezeka za anthu pothana ndi tizilombo.
Mu yophukira, atachotsa zipatsozo, amagwira ntchito yomaliza pachaka mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala opaka kale kapena 5% yankho la urea, lomwe silothandiza kokha pakasokoneza wakuda wakuda ndi wobiriwira pamtengo wa maula.
Muyenera kuwaza mitengo mu nyengo youma, yopanda bata, makamaka m'mawa kapena madzulo, pomwe chiwopsezo chowotcha ndi dzuwa pamasamba onyowa sichikhala chochepa. Chidwi chachikulu pa ulimi wothirira chimaperekedwa kwa achinyamata mphukira ndi kumbuyo kwa masamba, komanso mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo.
Momwe mungachotsere nsabwe za m'masamba pakuzama ndi mankhwala wowerengeka
Pamaso popanga ovary, mankhwala azitsamba kapena mankhwala opha tizilombo sativulaza. Ndipo momwe ndingagwiritsire maula kuchokera ku nsabwe za m'mimba pambuyo pa maluwa? Njira ina yabwino ndi yotsimikizika wowerengeka azitsamba chifukwa cha mankhwala a zitsamba, phulusa la sopo ndi zothetsera zina.
Kukonzekera phulusa la phulusa la sopo muyenera:
- 400 gm wa phulusa la nkhuni:
- 50 magalamu a sopo wamadzi kapena wochapira;
- Malita 10 amadzi.
Musanagwiritse ntchito, yankho lomwe limagwira povulaza tizilombo tambiri limasefedwa bwino. Palibe zabwino zochepa zomwe zingabweretse kulowetsedwa kwa fodya kusakaniza ndi madzi a sopo. M'malo mwa phulusa, mutha kumwa 10 ml ya birch tar. Fungo la mafuta onunkhirawa limapweteketsa tizilombo, komanso limatchulidwa antibacterial. Zotsatira zabwino zimapezeka chifukwa chofesa m'minda ya fodya.
Zomera zambiri zimakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimafanana ndi tizirombo tanthete tosokoneza tizirombo ta m'munda. Komanso, ndizotetezeka kwa anthu komanso chilengedwe. Kodi kuchotsa aphid ndi zomera?
Kuti mukonzekere mankhwala ochiritsira anthu okwanira malita 10 a madzi posankha nyakulayo, muyenera:
- 200 magalamu a cloves wa adyo;
- 300 gm ya anyezi;
- 1 makilogalamu azinthu zokhazikitsidwa ndi mankhwala a chamomile kapena caustic buttercup;
- 4 makilogalamu atsopano a phwetekere kapena mbatata;
- 100 magalamu a tsabola wotentha;
- 1 kg ya yarrow udzu, tansy kapena chowawa.
Pafupifupi malita 10 a kulowetsedwa amathera pamtengo wachikulire. Mphukira womwe umakhudzidwa kwambiri suyenera kungopakidwa, koma kumizidwa momwemonso momwe mungathere kuti umalowe ndikuwonongeka komwe kumapangidwa ndi mungu wadzuwa.
Njira zodzitchinjiriza motsutsana ndi maula aphid
Popeza tizilombo tosunthika timasunthika mosavuta ndikuchulukana mwachangu, musanachize nsabwe za m'madzi pazinyowa kapena mankhwala opha tizirombo, tiyenera kulabadira:
- kulimbana ndi nyerere;
- kudulira kolona ndi kwanthawi zonse korona;
- kukhalabe ndi mtengo wabwino;
- kukumba ndi mulching mitengo ikuluikulu;
- Kutha kwa maudzu ndi masamba oyambira.
Palinso njira zina zomwe zimapangitsa malo okhala tizilombo m'derali.
Ma aphidamu omwe adasungunuka sikuvulaza pazipatso zamiyala zokha, komanso pamabango, chimanga chamtchire ndi mbewu zina. Makamaka chidwi ndi tizilombo ndi nandolo ndi nyemba, mphukira zazing'ono za nyemba ndi nasturtium, petunia, tating'onoting'ono komanso kukulira linden wamkulu. Zomera izi zimabzalidwa patali ndi plums ndi zipatso zina. Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti adakonkhedwa ndi mbewu za zipatso zamwala.
Mwa anthu okhala m'mundamu pali zobisika zobiriwira zomwe zimasokoneza nsabwe. Mokulira, awa ndi mbewu zofunika za mafuta, zomwe zimaphatikizapo timbewu tambiri ndi basil, mafuta a lavenda ndi mafuta a ndimu, cilantro ndi marigolds osachita bwino. Zomera zam'munda wa umbrella, mwachitsanzo, kaloti, fennel, katsabola ndi zitsamba zina zokometsera zonunkhira, zimakopa tizilombo tambiri, zomwe aphid zobiriwira pamadziyo ndizabwino.
Kubwera kwa nsabwe za m'masamba kumawopseza oyambira m'minda ambiri. Komabe, ukadaulo waulimi ukawonedwa, ukhondo umasungidwa pansi pamitengo ndikuwugwiritsa ntchito panthawi yake, tizilombo, kuchuluka kwake komwe kumakhala kosavuta kuwongolera, kumatha kukhala chiwopsezo chachikulu.
