Calendula - kukula ndi chisamaliro

Calendula, wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa asters, daisies, daisies ndi ena oimira banja lalikulu la aster (Asteraceae), ambiri mwachikondi komanso mwachikondi amatcha "marigold". Chomera chosinthasintha ichi chomwe chili ndi maluwa ambiri a dzuwa tsopano chinatchuka kwambiri.

Anthuwa amagwiritsa ntchito calendula monga chida chothandiza pochizira komanso kupewa matenda osiyanasiyana. Gourmet amagwiritsa ntchito ngati zonunkhira za soseji, sopo ndi mbale zam nyama. Kwa kugonana koyenera, ndimtundu wabwino wa zodzikongoletsera, ndipo kwa wamaluwa, wothandizira wogwira ntchito yolimbana ndi tizirombo ta m'munda: ma thrips, nematode, etc. Komanso, zabwino zonse pamwambapa za calendula zimaphatikizidwa bwino komanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a chomera, chomwe M'malo mwake, maluwa ambiri amakula.

Calendula, kapena Marigold (Calendula) - mtundu wazomera wazomera wa banja la Astrovia (Asteraceae) Amamera ku Mediterranean, Western ndi Central Europe ndi Southwest Asia. Mawonedwe Otchuka - Marigolds (Calendula officinalis), omwe ali m'gulu la mitengo yotchuka yokongoletsera.

Pafupifupi mitundu 20 ya makalendala apachaka ndi osatha amakongoletsa Mediterranean, Western ndi Central Europe, ndi Western Asia. M'dera lathu nthawi zambiri amapezeka Calendula officinalis (C. officinalis). Mitundu yambiri ya marigold imakula ngati udzu, mwachitsanzo, Munda Calendula (C. Arvensis).

Marigolds ndi otchuka chifukwa chodzikongoletsa kwawo pakumakula. Amatenga mizu mosavuta ndikukula kwathunthu pakona iliyonse ya munda kapena masamba. Kutalika kwa Calendula ndi 40-60 masentimita, kutalika kwa inflorescence m'mitundu ina kumakhala masentimita 7-8. Maluwa owoneka bwino mu utali wamitundu ya lalanje ndi fungo labwino la maluwa amatha kutsatsa bwino dimba lililonse la maluwa kapena udzu wa Moorish.

Mitundu yazifupi ya marigold imalimbitsa mwala. Amawoneka okongola m'malire a m'malire pakati pa masamba apachaka okhala ndi maluwa owala a buluu kapena a pinki. Mitundu ya terry calendula yotsika m'maluwa okongola ndi mabasiketi idzakongoletsa bwino khonde kapena bwalo lotseguka, ndipo mitundu yayitali imakusangalatsani kwa nthawi yayitali.

Calendula - kukula ndi chisamaliro

Marigolds amakonda malo okhala ndi dzuwa, pamthunzi wawo amakhala atali kwambiri komanso otumphuka mofooka. Zomera zimalekerera bwino dothi, limakula bwino panthaka iliyonse, koma limakonda nthaka yolimba, yonyowa komanso yonyowa komanso yopanda chonde. Ngati dzikolo likucheperachepera, ndiye kuti nthawi yophukira ikayamba kukumba odziwa bwino ntchito yamaluwa amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza 40 wa phosphorous-potaziyamu ndi 3 makilogalamu a humus pa m².

Mukakulitsa calendula, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kudyetsa kwambiri, kubzala kokhazikika komanso kukhalapo kwa malo malo amodzi kumayambitsa matenda akuda. Zikatero, mbewu zodwala ziyenera kuchotsedwa posachedwa pamalopo, makamaka pamodzi ndi mizu.

Kubzala calendula

Marigolds amalephera kuzizira. Amapirira kutentha kutsikira mpaka 5 ° C ndipo samawopa kutentha kwa masika. Mbeu za Calendula zingabzalidwe pansi pagalasi nthawi ya masika kapena nthawi yozizira isanachitike. Kuti mbewu zidaphukira kale, mu February mbewu zofesedwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kwa mbande.

Mphukira zoyambirira za calendula zimapezeka mu Marichi-Epulo. Pakutha kwa Meyi, mbande zamphamvu zimasinthidwa kumalo osatha m'dothi lotseguka. Zofesedwa nyengo yachisanu isanachitike, mbewu za calendula zimabzyala mizere yakuya mpaka kuya (mpaka 3 cm). Chapakatikati, nthaka ikangotha ​​kutentha mpaka 4C, mbewuzo zimayamba kumera, ndipo kutentha kwa 8C kumakula. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, mbewu za marigold ziyenera kudulilidwa poganizira kutalika kwa mbewu, kusiya malo 20 cm pakati pa makope.

Misonkho ya Calendula inflorescence

Nthawi zambiri, calendula limamasula masabata 3-4 pambuyo poti atuluke, ndipo mutha kutolera mabasiketi ake achire. Ndizosangalatsa kuti kuchuluka kwa zinthu zochizira mu inflorescence mwachindunji zimatengera kuwongola kwa utoto - makulidwe owala, kukhathamira kwa iwo.

Maluwa ambiri akamadulidwa, maluwa atsopano amatulutsa maluwa, maluwa amatenga nthawi yomweyo mpaka kukuzizira kwambiri. Ngati maluwa a calendula sanachotsedwe, ndiye kuti maluwa adzatha mu Julayi. Mu Ogasiti, nthangala zakhwima ziyenera kusungidwa kuti zisafese.

Ma inflorescence otulutsa amatuta nyengo yadzuwa, amangosankha mabasiketi am'mphepete omwe amakhala osadukiza. Maluwa amakhala owuma mumtambo mpaka amasokonezeka ndikuwakanikiza pang'ono ndi zala zawo. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kusonkha calendula sikulimbikitsidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu ya bronchial, chifukwa mungu wochokera pachomera amatha kubweretsa ziwengo.

Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake okongoletsa, misomali imatha kukongoletsa osati dimba kapena dimba la maluwa, imayendayenda bwino m'mabedi pakati pa masamba ndi masamba ambiri. Nthawi zambiri zimabzalidwa pakati pa maluwa: asters, maluwa, gladioli. Amasokoneza nthaka yomwe iwo amakulira, ndikuletsa kukula kwa mizu. Maluwa owala mpendadzuwa a calendula okhala ndi fungo linalake labwino amakopa tizilombo tokhala ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, tomwe mphutsi zake zimadya nsabwe za m'masamba mosangalatsa.