Chimodzi mwazomera zodziwika bwino zomwe pafupifupi munthu aliyense wokhala chilimwe amalima ndi tsabola wokoma. Ndipo pali zifukwa zingapo zachikondi chachilengedwe:
- Choyamba, masamba okoma ndi athanzi awa ndiwonse. Itha kudulidwa mu saladi mwatsopano, kapena ngakhale yophika nokha ngati mbale ina.
- Kachiwiri, tsabola ndi wosavuta komanso wosavuta kubzala, ngati mukudziwa mfundo zingapo zoyambira momwe mungachitire bwino.
Kuti chikhalidwe chikhale bwino, muyenera kuyang'ana pang'ono m'mbiri. Izi zikuthandizira kudziwa zomwe zimafunika kuti zipatso zitheke, poyera komanso potentha.
Tsabola wakunja - South America. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mbewu iyi ndi yoyenera pafupifupi nyengo yofananira: yotentha komanso osati youma.
Ngati wowonjezera kutentha akadali ozizira, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa chotenthetsera. Ndipo chotsani chinyezi chambiri mwakuwuluka.
Malo otseguka amasangalatsa chomera ndi kutentha, koma kuthirira ndikofunikira kuti mbewu zikule bwino. Awa ndiwo malamulo oyambira. Koma pali zobisika za chisamaliro cha tsabola zomwe aliyense wokhala chilimwe ayenera kudziwa.
Kodi mungakulitse bwanji mbewu yabwino ya tsabola panthaka?
Kukolola tsabola wabwino si ngozi. Khama limafunikira ndi chidziwitso. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa zipatso ndikupanga mawonekedwe a kuzisamalira zimatengera kusankha kwa mitundu. Nthawi yonse yofesa mbewu ndi nthawi yodzala chomera m'nthaka zimadalira mitundu.
Tigawa njira yonse yakukula tsabola m'magawo angapo:
- Kukonza dothi ndi mbewu.
- Kukula mbande za tsabola kwa mbewu.
- Kusamalira mbewu.
- Matenda ndi tizirombo.
Gawo loyamba
Zonsezi zimayamba ndi kukonzekera mbeu. Kodi zikuphatikizidwa ndi chiyani pano? Pali ma tekinoloji angapo a chithandizo cha mbewu.
- Chimodzi mwazina ndikulowetsa mbewu m'madzi otentha kwa maola 4-6 (kutentha kwa madzi kuchokera madigiri 40 ndi kupitilira). Pambuyo pake, mbewu za masiku awiri zimayikidwa mu nsalu yonyowa pokonza.
- Njira ina ndikuvala nthanga mu njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate kwa mphindi 15-20. Kenako ayenera kutsukidwa ndikuyikidwa mu yankho la chopukusira chopitilira maola 12. Pambuyo pake, njere zimatsukidwa ndikuyika masiku angapo mu nsalu yonyowa.
- Kukonza malo. Ngati dothi lakonzedwa kale limagulitsidwa kuti ibzale. Kuti pobzala mbande mutasambira komanso kukulira tsabola panthaka, muyenera kusamalira kuti dziko lapansi limakhala lotayirira komanso lopanda chonde, lophatikiza bwino. Kuti muchite izi, humus ndi mchenga zimawonjezeredwa kunthaka, m'chiyerekezo cha 2 mpaka 1. Ash ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa.
- Kukonzekera dothi kumaphatikizapo kusankhidwa kwa tsamba. Iyenera kukhala malo owala, otetezedwa ku zolemba. Ndikofunika kuphatikiza dziko lapansi ndi superphosphate (40-50 g) kuyambira nthawi yophukira, manyowa owola (pafupifupi makilogalamu 10) ndi phulusa lamatabwa (mpaka 100 g). Manambala ali pa 1 m per wa nthaka.
Gawo lachiwiri
Poganizira kuti mbewu za tsabola zimamera kwa nthawi yayitali, pasanathe milungu iwiri, ziyenera kubzalidwa pasadakhale mchombo kuti ziyambe kubzala mbande.
Madeti oyenerana ndi nthawi yabwino kuchita izi ndi kumapeto kwa Januware, kuyambira pa Okutobala, kutengera mitundu ndi malo omwe mbewu zing'ono zingadzalidwe: poyera kapena chotseka.
Kufesa mbewu:
- dothi limathandizidwa chisanachitike ndi yofooka njira ya potaziyamu permanganate;
- bokosi liyenera kukhala pansi ndi mabowo;
- mtunda pakati pa mbewu 2 cm;
- mutatsika, kuphimba bokosilo ndi zojambulazo kapena galasi, chotsani kumalo amdima, otentha;
- bokosilo lakhazikitsidwa ndikuyamba kwa mphukira yoyamba;
- madzi pokhapokha dothi likauma;
- kuthira madzi ofunda pang'ono;
- kuyenda pakati pa masamba awiri owona.
Mutha kubzala mbewu za tsabola mumiphika osiyana, ndiye kuti simukuyenera kuziyika, zomwe mbewuyo imakonda.
Gawo lachitatu
Patha masiku pafupifupi 100, ndipo mbande zakonzeka kuti zisamukire kwawo komwe zimakhala. Pakati kapena kumapeto kwa Meyi ndikabwino izi. Kenako dothi limawotha bwino ndipo chomera sichidwala. Ngati nyengo ya tsabola wokonda kutentha sikhala yoyenera konse, vutoli litha kuthana ndi zovuta pomanga mabedi ataliatali a mbewuyo.
Mbewu zomwezo, ndi mabedi omwe adakonzekeretsedwa pansi pa tsabola, ziyenera kuthiriridwa mokwanira. Madzi ayenera kukhala ofunda! Mtunda pakati pa tchire ndi mabedi suyenera kukhala ochepera 40-60 cm.
Kodi chofunikira kuchita ndi chisamaliro chomera ndi chiyani? Pali lamulo losavuta la "P" anayi:
- Mavalidwe apamwamba.
- Kuthirira.
- Kupalira.
- Garter
Nawa maupangiri osamalira tsabola:
- Mavalidwe apamwamba. Panthawi ya kukula ndi kukula kwa chomera (nyengo ya kukula), tsabola amafunika kudyetsedwa katatu. Mutha kuchita izi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe mwakonzeka kugulitsa, kapena konzekerani feteleza nokha.
- Koyamba kudyetsa mbande masiku 10-14 mutabzala poyera. Kwa malita 10,5 amadzi, madzi okwanira 1 litre amatengedwa.
- Chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba isanayambe maluwa. Potaziyamu humate imadzunguliridwa ndi malita 10 a madzi, 2 tbsp imawonjezeredwa. superphosphate iwiri (ikhoza kuphwanyidwa).
- Kachitatu, tsabola umadyetsedwa ndi phulusa la nkhuni kapena superphosphate (ndizotheka mu zovuta). Kapu ya phulusa (kapena supuni ziwiri za superphosphate) imadzazidwa ndi madzi ndikuumirira dzuwa kwa masiku awiri. Kuvala pamwamba kumeneku kumachitika patadutsa milungu iwiri itatha feteleza womaliza wa mbewu.
Nettle universal feteleza wabwino kwambiri. Dulani zitsamba, ziikeni mu ndowa ndikutsanulira 1 mpaka 10 pamadzi ofunda. Kuumirira tsiku lachiwiri kapena 3. Feteleza ndi wokonzeka.
- Kuthirira. Chomera chimakonda chinyezi, koma osati kuthirira. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuthirira tsabola pokhapokha dothi likauma. Madzi ayenera kukhala ofunda!
- Kupalira. Dothi lopepuka, louma ndi chofunikira kwambiri kuti tsabola limere. Kuti muchite izi, dziko lapansi liyenera kubzalidwa nthawi zonse.
- Garter Osati mapesi akulu okha omwe amafunikira thandizo, komanso omwe amasangalatsa wamaluwa ndi ntchito yabwino yokolola. Kuti muchite izi, kuti musavulaze mizu ya mbewu, ngakhale mutabzala mbande, thandizo limayikidwa pafupi ndi chitsamba.
Kusamalira Tsabola Pakabuka Mavuto
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga tomwe timavulaza tsabola:
- choipitsa mochedwa;
- mwendo wakuda;
- zola yoyera;
- mabakiteriya akuda;
- nsabwe za m'masamba;
- choyera;
- chimbalangondo;
- slugs;
- Tumbule mbatata ya Colorado.
Ngati "mwendo wakuda" umalephereka mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito dothi labwino, kupewa kuthinana, ndikuwathira madzi otentha, ndiye kuti nthenda yofikira kumapeto, njira yothandiza kwambiri ndiyo kupewa. Kuti izi zitheke, kunali kofunikira kuvala nthanga musanabzale. Ndipo pofika kuzizira kwa usiku ndi mvula, mbewu ziyenera kutetezedwa usiku. Imathandizanso kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa anyezi peel.
Kuchokera kuzilombo monga kachilomboka ka mbatata ya Colorado ndi chimbalangondo, nzika zodziwika bwino za chilimwe zimagwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwapadera ndi zokoka pazitsamba: tansy, adyo, yarrow, chitsamba chowawa.
Kusintha ndi phulusa lamatabwa kumathandiza kuteteza mbewu ku tizirombo. Aphid amatha kugonjetsedwa ndi seramu yosakanizidwa ndi madzi (malita 1.5 pa ndowa imodzi).
Malangizo Okula Pobiriwira
Anthu ambiri okhala chilimwe amakonda kukulitsa tsabola wokonda kutentha m'khalamo. Koma apa pali mfundo zina zomwe muyenera kudziwa, ndikukonzekera. Mwachitsanzo:
- Kuti kulima tsabola mu wowonjezera kutentha kubweretse zotsatira zabwino zokha, muyenera kuganizira bwino kusankha kosiyanasiyana. Si mitundu yonse ya tsabola yomwe ingachite popanda kupukutira popanda tizilombo. Koma pankhaniyi, mutha kuyesa kuipitsa, pogwiritsa ntchito burashi wamba yofewa.
- Nthawi zambiri dothi lomwe limasungidwa mitengo nthawi zambiri limatha. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kusamalira feteleza wake kapena kulowetsa dothi lapamwamba (20-25 cm).
- Mankhwala ophera tizirombo ndi feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino omwe ali oyenera kugwirizira masamba. Nthawi zambiri, pamakhala chizindikiritso chapadera.
- Kuti muchepetse tizirombo tomwe timakhala kuti timatha kutentha, muyenera kuthira tsabola wa Fitosporin kamodzi pamwezi.
- Ngati tsabola wabzala mu wowonjezera kutentha mu kasupe kapena nthawi yophukira, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti mumvekere mlengalenga.
- Ndikofunikira kuti mpweya wobiriwira ukhale m'malo mopepuka kutentha kwambiri ndi kutentha kwambiri (pafupifupi 100 peresenti). Ngati wowonjezera kutentha sangathe kupuma pafupipafupi, mpweya wabwino wozungulira ukhoza kukhalamo.
Mutaphunzira kulima tsabola moyenera pamalo obiriwira, ndipo mutachitapo kanthu moyenera, mutha kuwonetsetsa kuti mbewuzo ndi zathanzi ndipo mbewu zake ndizokwera.
Mbande za nyumba zobiriwira komanso malo otseguka zimabadwa molingana ndi mfundo zomwezo. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za izi ndi mfundo zitatu: miphika yokhala ndi mbewu imafunikira kuti izikhala yotentha; onetsetsani kuti dziko lapansi siluma ndipo silinanyowe kwambiri; nthaka ikhale yoyera komanso yopepuka. Dothi lotayirira limapereka mchenga, humus, chosapangidwa organic kanthu.
Kuthira mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha kumatha kuyamba kale kuposa poyera. Nthawi yomweyo, akatswiri odziwa bwino chilimwe amalangizidwa kuti azichita izi mosamala kuti mizu ya tchireyi imamizidwa kwathunthu mu kubzala fossa popanda kupindika kapena kupindika.
Pali malamulo ochepa ochulukitsa tsabola panthaka, onse amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati muwatsatira, mutha kupeza mbewu yabwino.
Nawa maupangiri othandizira okulira tsabola panja:
- Kuti mupeze tizilombo nthawi ya maluwa, itha kuthiridwa ndi madzi otsekemera.
- Pepper imafota mosavuta. Chifukwa chake, musabzale mitundu yosiyanasiyana pafupi.
- Chiwembu, chomwe chikukonzekera kuperekedwa pansi pa tsabola, chimasankhidwa mosamala. Pofuna kupewa matenda a chomera ndi kukolola bwino, sizingatheke kuti okhazikitsidwa ndi tsabola akhale nthumwi za mizu ya zipatso, dzungu ndi nyemba.
- Onetsetsani kuti mukuumitsa mbewuzo kuti zikwaniritse bwino. Kuti muchite izi, masiku 10 musanabzalire panthaka, ndikofunikira kutenga mbande kumatenga mpweya. Kuyambira kuyambira mphindi 10-15, muyenera kuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono nthawi yazomera.
- Ngati chisanu chafika mosayembekezereka, mbewu za tsabola zitha kupulumutsidwa. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuthilira dothi bwino. Kapena yatsani mbewu ndi filimu, pepala, lutrasil. Mutha kuyika mabotolo apulasitiki odulira pansi.
Popita nthawi, aliyense wokhala m'chilimwe amapeza zomwe adakumana nazo. Izi zimamuthandiza kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa kuti apange zotsatira zabwino.
Onaninso: mukadzala liti tsabola wa mbande?
