Manchurian mtedza mu kanyumba chilimwe

Mitengo yamphamvu ya mtedza koposa momwe inkaperekera anthu apaulendo inali kuwateteza ndi chakudya, komwe anthu ankawatcha kuti mfumu ya mtedza. Mitengo yokongoletsera yabwino ya banja la mtedza imayimiriridwa ndi walnuts ndipo ndiwofatsa kum'mwera kwa Russian Federation ndi CIS. Malo awo okhala amakongoletsa misewu ndikuyenda limodzi ndi omwe akuyenda maulendo ataliatali, oimira ena amakula m'mabwalo amalo ogona m'mizinda ndipo, palinso kanyumba kalikonse. Komabe, gawo logawidwa ndi walnuts ndilochepa kum'mwera kokha ndipo kuyesera mobwerezabwereza kupititsa patsogolo chikhalidwe mpaka kumpoto kunatha polephera.

Koma kwa okonda mtedza kumadera ozizira kumpoto chakumadzulo kuli njira yotulukirako. Simatha kukula osati mtedza, koma mtedza wa Manchurian, womwe uli ndi katundu ndi zipatso, koma umadziwika ndi kukana kwambiri chisanu. Zambiri zazitali 30 komanso zazifupi madigiri 45 sizimawononga mitengo ya anthu akuluakulu.

Mtengo wa Manchurian walnut. © T. Abe Lloyd

Manchurian Walnut, kapena Dumbey Walnut (Juglans mandshurica) - Mtundu wa mitengo yowoneka bwino kapena zitsamba za mtundu wa Walnut (Juglans), banja Natut (Juglandaceae).

Kugawa dera la Manchurian walnut

Kuchulukitsa kwachilengedwe kwa Manchurian walnut kumagwera Far East, Northern China, ndi Peninsula ya Korea. Chimakula makamaka m'nkhalango za oak-mapulo osakanikirana, ndimakonda malo oyandikana ndi larch, paini, mkungudza ndi mitundu ina yamadzi. Manchurian walnut mu mawonekedwe olimidwa amakula ndikupanga mbewu ku Solovetsky Islands, ku Leningrad, Vologda, Moscow ndi zigawo zina za Russia.

Kufotokozera kwachilengedwe kwa Manchurian walnut

Manchurian mtedza mawonekedwe mawonekedwe amafanana ndi mtedza, koma palinso mawonekedwe osiyana nawo. Tsamba limakhalanso laphinidwe kovuta, koma lalikulupo kuposa la mtedza, limafikira kutalika kwa 1 m, lomwe limakhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono ndi 7-19 (10-20 cm), lodziyatsidwa m'mphepete, ndi nsonga yolunjika. Mtedza umakhala pa nthambi za 2-7 zidutswa, zazing'ono kuposa walnuts, ndi chipolopolo chowoneka kwambiri, chowongoka mpaka mbali imodzi. Khungwa laling'ono ndi la imvi, losalala, lakuda ndi ukalamba ndipo limakhala lakuda m'malo. Mukabzala mbande, imapanga mbeu yoyamba ya 4, ndipo njere - za 7-8. Zaka 20-30 zoyambirira zikukula mwachangu kwambiri. Kukula kwapachaka, makamaka koyambirira, mpaka mamita 2.

Zipatso za mtedza wa Manchurian. © Qwert1234

Maluwa amphongo (amphaka) a Manchurian walnut. © Qwert1234

Maluwa achikazi a Manchurian walnut. © Qwert1234

Chomera cha Walnut Manchurian monoecious, chimapanga mosiyana maluwa ndi amuna ndi akazi. Amuna omwe ali ngati ndolo zazitali zakuda amatulutsa nthawi yomweyo masamba atatseguka. Chachikazi, choyimiriridwa ndi ting'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono. Wosankhidwa ndi mphepo. Maluwa amapezeka mu Epulo-Meyi. Kukolola Mitundu ya Manchurian walnut muzaka 1-2. Ndi chikasu cha masamba, zipatsozo ndizoyenera kutolera (zaka makumi atatu ndi zitatu za Seputembala).

Makhalidwe abwino a Manchurian walnut

Makina okhala ndi mafuta opitilira 50% amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano.
Kuyambira mtedza wobiriwira (koyambirira kwa Juni) mkaka wokhala ndi mkaka (masentimita awiri kukula) wakonzedwa bwino kwambiri.
A decoction a masamba omwe amakolola nthawi yamaluwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda am'mimba thirakiti, kufinya kwamkamwa, komanso kukokoloka kwamwano.
Masamba atsopano amayikidwa mabala kuti apewe kuola. Ntchito zochizira furunculosis.
Kuchiritsa bowa kumapazi (ndipo ngakhale msomali), tsamba limapangidwa ngati tiyi. Pambuyo pozizira, miyendo imasungidwa mu njira kwa mphindi 20-30. Ndondomeko amachitidwa mkati mwa masiku 7-10.
Kuboola masamba kumasintha mtundu wa tsitsi (kumathandizira kukula, kubwereranso kuwala, kuthetsa dandruff).
Zimatsuka fumbi m'mlengalenga. Chomera chimakhala ndi bactericidal chinthu yuglon (fungo la ayodini), lomwe limateteza mpweya ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Manchurian Walnut

Gwiritsani ntchito pokongoletsa malowa

Manchurian walnut - imafika kutalika kwa 10-25 m, imadziwika chifukwa chochepa kwa thunthu lopangidwa komanso korona wofalikira. Kudera lakumpoto limatha kukhala ngati chitsamba ndipo mwanjira imeneyi limaperekanso zipatso. Mtundu wa Manchurian ndi wa mbewu zomwe zimakula mwachangu. Chifukwa cha korona wokongoletsedwa ndi masamba, mtedzawu umakwanira bwino kwina kulikonse. Imagwira bwino pokonza nyengo ya dacha, ponseponse, komanso popanda malo ochepa. Masamba a mtedza amapatsa utsi wosasunthika, womwe umabalalitsa, motero Hazel ndiwothandiza kwambiri popanga ngodya yopuma. Makamaka omwe amakhala ndi zokongoletsa zake ndizobzala komanso ma conifers, omwe amakongoletsa udzu ndi makatani obiriwira.

Momwe mungakulire mtedza wa Manchurian kunyumba

Manchurian walnut ndichikhalidwe chowoneka bwino, osawopa mphepo, koma woganizira chilala. Kufalikira ndi zipatso ndi mbande zakonzedwa. Mutha kugula mbande kumabungwe ogulitsa omwe akugulitsa zinthu zodzala. Ndiosafunika kugula mbande kwa ogulitsa mwachisawawa.

Kufalikira kwa mbande

Mbewu za walnut ndizovuta kulekerera. Chifukwa chake, posankha kufalitsa chikhalidwecho mwanjira yopanda zipatso - kubzala mbande, muyenera kusankha malo oyenera. Mtedza ndi mbewu zomwe zimakonda kukula ndi mitu yawo. Chifukwa chake malowo ayenera kukhala otentha, osasunthika ndi mitengo yayitali. Walnut amakula bwino malo otsika, koma dothi liyenera kukhala lachonde. Popeza mizu yolowera mozama ndi muzu waukulu wokhala ndi nthambi zambiri, mbande zimafunika kubzalidwe kutali ndi nyumba. Ngati mitengo ingapo yabzalidwa mzere, ndiye kuti mabowo a mbande zakonzedwa mu 10-12 m.

Kubzala mbande zitha kuchitika mu Seputembala kapena Epulo. Timakonzekeretsa dzenje lozama osachepera 80-100 cm ndi voliyumu yofanana ndi mizu ya mmera. Timayika ngalande pansi pa dzenjelo, pomwe mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njerwa zosweka, miyala yosweka ndi zinthu zina. Timatsanulira dothi lodzaza ngalande ndi gawo la dzenjelo. Ngati dothi latha madzi a dothi kapena dongo lomata, ndiye kuti timakonza zosakaniza. Dothi lakumtunda la dzenjelo limasakanikirana ndi humus, turf ndi mchenga m'malo ofananirana 4: 2: 2: 1. Onjezani 20-40 g / chitsime cha superphosphate ndi feteleza wa potashi. M'malo mwa feteleza wa potashi, mutha kupanga kapu yamatabwa. Sakanizani osakaniza wokonzeka bwino.

Manchurian mtedza mmera. © Chika Oka

Sapling (wazaka 1-2), yang'anirani, mufupikitsa mizu yapakati. Timakhazikitsa pakati pakabowo ndipo nthawi yomweyo timangirira ku msomali. Timadzaza dothi osakaniza pang'ono, ndikudzaza mosamala ndowa, kenako ndikunyowa, onjezerani dothi lotsalalo, ndikuphwanya kuzungulira tsinde. Onjezerani chidebe china chamadzi 0,5-1.0 Tambalala dothi lozungulira thunthu ndi peat, utuchi (osati wopangika), kompositi wokhwima, masamba athanzi. Timalimba kutentha kwa dzinja, monga nsonga za nthambi zitha kuzizira. Pakutentha, timakutira shtamb ndi nthambi zotsika ndi burlap kapena zinthu zopanda nsalu ndi kuteteza ukonde ku makoswe. Timakumba ukondewo pansi ndikuupondaponda. M'nyengo yozizira, litakutidwa ndi chipale chofewa, timabwereza njirayi kuti makoswe okhala ngati mbewa asasunthe.

Kufalitsa mbewu

Pofalitsa nati ndi njere, zabwino za mtengo wa kholo siziperekedwa nthawi zonse ku chomera chatsopanocho. Pofalitsa mbewu, mtedza wazaka 1-2 umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuyambira kuyambira chaka cha 3 chosungira, kumera mbewu kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. Mbewu zimafesedwa mchaka ndi nthawi yophukira. Kukhazikitsa nyengo yachisanu yozizira zipatso za mtedza kuli koyenera kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, stratification sikofunikira ndipo mbande zimawonekera kale kwambiri kuposa nthawi yamasika.

Kubzala mbewu za hazel, timasankha malo abwino achonde, ndikuthirira madzi, ndikupanga dimba. Walnut simalola dothi lamasamba, timawonjezera makapu awiri atatu a phulusa pa 1 sq. Km. m ndikukumba mpaka pakuya masentimita 10-15. Timapanga mabowo mpaka masentimita 6-8 kuchokera ku mtunda wa 8-10 8-10. Mtedza wopangika kuti ubzalidwe umamizidwa mu parafini kuchokera ku mbewa za ubiquitous ndi makoswe ena ndikuyika mabowo pa nthiti. Timadzaza lapansi ndi mulch pamwamba ndi zida zilizonse kuti tisunge chinyontho. Pokhala mu zikhalidwe zachilengedwe, zipatso za nati zimachita stratization ndi mphukira zamphamvu zimawonekera kumapeto.

Mizu ya mbande ikhoza kuikidwa pomwepo kuti izikhala yolimba, isanakhomera pakati penipeni. Mutha kuchisiya mu chaka choyamba ndikuchibzala kwathunthu kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, osayiwala kufupikitsa pakati. Izi zimathandizira kukula kwa chikhalidwe. Kuyika nati kapena nthangala yomwe yamera, muyenera kudziwa nthawi yake.

Manchurian Nut Care

Mukalowetsa mmera kapena mmera womwe unapangidwa kwamuyaya, yesetsani kukhala koyambirira kwa chomera chaching'ono ndi mbali zadziko lapansi, zomwe zingalole kuzula mwachangu. Walnut ndi chomera chomwe chimakonda chinyezi ndipo mchaka choyamba nthaka iyenera kusungidwa nthawi zonse. Timagwira kuthirira katatu pamwezi, osadzaza dothi. Kwa zaka 2-3, timachepetsa kuthirira mpaka nthawi 5-7, ndipo zaka zotsatirazi timathilira nyengo yachilimwe 1 nthawi pamwezi. Mukathirira, dothi liyenera kumasulidwa, kwinaku likuwononga namsongole, ndi mulch. M'chaka cha 4, mtengo umamasula ndipo umatha kupereka zokolola zoyambirira.

Munthawi yonseyi, kusamalira mitengo yaying'ono kumaphatikiza feteleza ndi feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu, amene amamugwiritsa ntchito kamodzi pazomera bwino munthawi yopanga zipatso (June). Mutha kudyetsa superphosphate yokha, koma onetsetsani kuti mwawonjezera kapu ya phulusa lamatabwa, lomwe lili ndi mipando yayikulu kwambiri ya micro- ndi ma microelements ofunikira pakukula kwachikhalidwe. Mitengo imafunika kukumba chaka chilichonse kumapeto kwa korona. Mitengo yokhwima imalekerera chilala chochepa komanso kusefukira kwakanthawi kwa mizu. Kuteteza mitengo yaying'ono kuti isapatsidwe kutentha ndi dzuwa, musaiwale kuyeretsa nthambi za thunthu ndi chigoba ndi njira yothira ndi dongo komanso zomatira. Kutengera luso laulimi, mitengo siyikhudzidwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.

Mapangidwe a Korona

Kudulira kwa korona komanso kwapamwamba kwambiri ndi imodzi mwantchito zofunika kwambiri za mtedza. M'malo mwake, mtedza wa Manchurian sufunikira kupangidwa korona. Amadzipanga yekha. Pankhaniyi, kudulira koyera kokha kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachisanu kapena nthawi yozizira, kudula zouma, ma curves omwe amakula mkati mwa nthambi. Koma pamene mukukula m'dera laling'ono, mufunika kulowererapo kwa eni ake. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kukula kwa malowo pamalowo, mbewu zina zomwe zimamera pafupi ndi mtengo wa mtedza.

Ngati ndi kotheka, mapangidwe a korona amayamba kuyambira chaka chachiwiri cha moyo wa nati, ndipo amatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Manchurian walnut ikhoza kupangidwa:

Monga mtengo wophuka wokhala ndi tsinde lalifupi,
Ngati mtengo wopanda mbiya wokhala ndi mawonekedwe a korona wozungulira,
ngati chitsamba wokhala ndi mitengo yayikulu ikuluikulu.

Kuti apange mtengo wophuka, mmera wocheperapo amasiya imodzi mwa mphukira zapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zimapangidwa ngati mtengo, mpaka mpaka 50-80 cm.Patsogolo lamtsogolo, masamba onse amachotsedwa. Kenako nthambi zazikulu za chigoba zimayikidwa mozungulira mozungulira thunthu mtunda womwewo. Nthambi iliyonse yamalonda iyenera kukhala ndi ngodya yayikulu yochoka pamtengo. Mukapeza mtengo wokulira, wokhala ndi nthambi zamphamvu zolimba, wochititsa wapakati komanso dera lalikulu la mthunzi. Nthambi yapamwamba pachifuwa chapakati imadulidwira impso. Korona amachepetsa kukula kwake m'mwamba, ndipo kusiya nthambi yofinya kupita kumbali kumapangitsa dzuwa kulowa mkati mwa korona.

Ngati dera la chiwembuchi ndi laling'ono ndipo sililola kuti mapangidwe a mtengo akhazikike, chifukwa chamtundu wamitundu ina yapafupi, ndiye kuti mutha kupatsa mtengowo korona wowoneka ngati kanjira kamodzi. Pachifukwa ichi, thunthu limodzi limasiyanitsidwa, lomwe limapangidwa ndi kutalika kwa 1.5-2.0 m, ndikuchotsa impso zonse zam'mbali. Pamwambapa pali nthambi za mafupa, zomwe zimapanga kolona korona yemwe saphimba mbewu zomwe zikupezeka pafupi. Itha kudulanso mawonekedwe a mpira mumiyendo ingapo. Mtengowo umafanana ndi kanjedza ndi "ngayaye" wa nthambi kumtunda. Kapangidwe ka mpira kumapezeka pofupikitsa nthambi zam'munsi ndi 2/3 ya kutalika. Pakatikati pa mpira wam'tsogolo, m'litali mwake mumadulidwa pang'onopang'ono mpaka 1/3, kenako kutsikira kolona. Njira yachiwiri ndiyachuma kwambiri chifukwa sichitha kubisa mbewu zina.

Maonekedwe a chitsamba ndi abwino kwambiri mukabzala mozungulira poyambira malowo. Chitsamba chimapangidwa ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ingapo, nthambi za mafupa zomwe zimayambira masentimita 40-50 kuchokera pansi. Izi ndizothandiza makamaka ngati pazifukwa zina korona adzafa. Mphukira zazing'ono zimachokera ku muzu, ndipo chomera chimatha kusinthidwanso, kupatsa mbewu yatsopano mawonekedwe a korona omwe mukufuna.