Nthano yakale yachi Greek imati mint ndi mbewa yokongola ya nymph yosinthidwa kukhala chomera. Persephone wachikazi, atazindikira kuti mwamuna wake Aida amakonda kukongola kwachinyamata, adatulutsa mawu pa nymph. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyi, timbewu ta mchenga tawoneka ku Kerete ndi madera ena a Mediterranean.
Kodi timbewu timakula lero? Tsoka ilo, ili ndi nthano yokongola chabe, mwinanso mdziko lapansi pakadakhala zomera zotere, zonunkhira komanso zonunkhira, zogwirizana pansi pa dzina lodziwika bwino - timbewu tambiri. Masiku ano, mitundu yoposa 25 ya banja la Yasnotkov yapezeka, ili ndi zina zambiri, komanso yosiyana kwambiri. Kodi timbewu timene timakula mmadera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi ndi chiyani?
Ngati mupanga kufotokozera komwe kumakhala kofanana ndi mitundu yambiri, timbewu timbewu tokhala ngati herbaceous wokhala ndi zitsinde zowongoka kapena malo okhala omwe amatalika masentimita 20 mpaka 150 kutengera mtunduwo. Timbewu timakhala ndi masamba ozungulira, ovoid kapena otalika kutalika pafupifupi 4-8 masentimita, nthawi zambiri, monga zimayambira, pubescent. Kuphatikiza apo, timbewu timasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe apadera a duwa, omwe adapereka dzina lachiwiri ku banja lonse - Labret.
Mwa mitundu yonse ya mitundu yomwe ilipo, yoposa gawo limodzi imalimidwa mwachangu, koma zonunkhira komanso zokongoletsera, zomwe ndi abale ake akutali kwambiri, nthawi zina zimayesedwa ngati timbewu.
Mbewa mbewa
Wodziwika kwambiri ku Russia meadow mint kapena Mentha arvensis. Mtundu ngati chomera chamtchire ukhoza kuwoneka m'maiko aku Europe ndipo pafupifupi kulikonse m'dziko lathu kuchokera kumalire ake kumadzulo kupita ku Far East. Mtunduwu umatchedwanso kuti mint kapena Lapland.
Mafuta omwe amapezeka pachikhalidwecho amakhala kuchokera pa 60 mpaka 92% menthol. Ngakhale izi, kukoma kwa meform ndi kofewa, komwe kumalola kugwiritsa ntchito masamba ndi nsonga za mphukira kuphika ndi zamankhwala. Zoyambira zamtundu wamtunduwu zimamera mpaka 80-sentimita. Rhizomes, monga mbewu zina, zokwawa, zamphamvu. Maluwa ali ndi mtundu wa pinki kapena wa lilac, wocheperako, wophatikizidwa pazinthu zonama zomwe zili pafupi ndi tsinde. Nthawi yamaluwa oyenda pang'onopang'ono imayamba mu Juni ndipo imatha kumapeto kwa Okutobala.
Munda wamaluwa: chithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe
Garden mint kapena Mentha spicata ndi mbewu yosatha ya herbaceous yomwe ilibe mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ngati peppermint, koma silingafanane ndi unyinji m'minda ya ku Europe. Mtundu wobzala zamtchire, nyamazo zimapezeka kumwera-kumadzulo ndi kumwera kwa Russia, komwe timbewu timamera m'malo oterera.
Mtundu wamtunduwu umakhala ndi tsinde la chaka chilichonse, ndipo umakhala kutalika kwa mita, pomwe masamba obisika ovate okhala ndi nsonga zolozera. Monga tikuwonera pachithunzi cha dimba la m'munda, kumtunda kwa tsambalo ndikosalala, tsitsi laling'ono kwambiri ndi mitsempha kuchokera kumbuyo. Kutalika kwa mtengowo sikudutsa masentimita 45, koma tchire limakula mpaka masentimita 90. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono ofiirira a timbewu tokhala m'minda, monga chithunzicho, amawonekera mu Julayi ndikutuluka kokha kumapeto kwa chilimwe.
Pazifukwa zophikira, masamba owuma komanso atsopano omwe ali ndi fungo lokhazikika komanso kukoma kosakanikirana, kogwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono.
Curly timbewu
Curly, curly mint kapena Mentha spicata crispa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya timbewu tokhala ndi masamba. Ngakhale mtengo wokongola uyu amapezeka kuthengo kokha kumadera a Asia, kumwera kwa Europe ndi kumpoto kwa Africa, timbewu tokhotakhota pang'onopang'ono amasamukira kumadera otentha ndipo amalimidwa osati kumayiko aku Europe ndi Russia, komanso ku North America.
Kutalika kwa mbewu yachikale kuyambira 30 mpaka 100 masentimita, zimayambira zamphamvu, zowoneka bwino, zobzalidwa ndi zokolola, serase m'mphepete, masamba obiriwira owala. Maluwa a curly timbewu amasiyana pang'ono ndi maluwa amtundu womwewo, ali ndi pinki kapena mtundu woyera ndipo amatengedwa mu inflorescence.
Mint Morocan
Morintan mint kapena Mentha spicata crispa Moroccan - ichi sichinthu chofanana ndi timiyala tating'ono. Ili ndi dzina lapadera lochokera ku France ndipo idayambira nthawi yomwe Morocco, pakati pa zigawo zina zaku North Africa, idali dziko la France. Zonunkhira, zipatso ndi mbewu zomwe zimabwera kuchokera kudzikoli zidawoneka kuti sizowoneka bwino kwa azungu.
Mint wa Moroccan, wobiriwira m'malo otentha kwambiri kuposa Old World, anali ndimafuta ofunikira kwambiri komanso menthol, pambali pake anali ndi masamba osadziwika, ndichifukwa chake adapeza dzina lokhazikika.
Apple Mint
Mentha rotundifolia kapena yozungulira-timbewu amatchedwa Egypt, golide ndi confectionery. Nthawi zambiri, chosakanizira pakati pa timbewu tating'ono tambiri ndi timadzi tambiri timene timatchedwa apulo timbewu. Poyamba, malingaliro amachokera ku Asia Minor kapena ochokera ku North Africa.
Ndipo mkanjira wapakati komanso kumwera kwa Europe, m'maiko a Transcaucasia ndi Russia, komwe timbewu timamera ngati mbewu yamaluwa, mbewuyo imakhala yamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kosangalatsa, kotsitsimutsa, komanso kununkhira kofewa.
Pazifukwa zapamwamba, sikuti masamba aang'ono okha ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso gawo lonse lobiriwira la chomera. Kuphatikiza pa njira zamtundu wa apulo timbewu tokhala ndi masamba obiriwira, masiku ano mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosakanikirana ndi kukongoletsa ndi mawonekedwe a zonunkhira amaziwaza. Zonsezi ndi zosiyana za apulo timbewu tokhala ngati ma herbaceous bush, kuchokera pa 50 mpaka 70 cm, kutalika ndi masamba ozungulira kapena osiyanasiyana ovoid amtunduwu, pomwe mulu wakuda ukuwoneka bwino.
Chokoleti Chokoleti
Chocolate Chochulukitsa chotchuka kapena Mentha piperita citrata Chocolate ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa peppermint kuphatikiza kukoma kwa menthol ndi matani owala a zipatso ndi chokoleti.
Lingaliro kuti timbewu timayenderana kwenikweni ndi mankhwala omwe amakonda kwambiri, amathandizidwa ndi mtundu wa mbewu, momwe muli anthocyanins ambiri.
Mint
Wodziwika bwino ku Mediterranean ndi ku Asia Minor, komanso ku maiko angapo ku Europe, mafuta onunkhira kapena Mentha suaveolens ndi chomera chosatha chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika ndi mankhwala. Kuthengo, mbewuyo imakonda dzuwa, koma osati mmbali.
M'mayiko omwe timbewu tambiri timeneti timakula, timatalika masentimita 30 mpaka 100. Zoyambira ndizowoneka bwino, zophimbidwa, zokutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira otambalala pakati. Masamba ophikika, ndi ma denticles ang'onoang'ono m'mphepete. Masaluwa amaluwa ofota, ndikupanga mawonekedwe okhathamira opindika, okhala ndi maluwa oyera oyera.
Mint waku Japan: malongosoledwe amitundu ndi chithunzi
Mint waku Japan, wosazindikirika kwa Azungu ndipo woperekedwa chithunzichi, kapena Mentha japonica ndi chomera chokhacho chomwe chimangopezeka kuzilumba ziwiri zokha za zilumba zachi Japan, Hokkaido ndi Honshu.
Malo omwe timbewu tonunkhira timene timakula ku Japan ndi makamaka malo otentha kapena onyowa. Kutalika kwa chomera chosowa, ngakhale dziko la Rising Dzuwa, silidutsa 40 cm, zimayambira ndizokhazikika kapena zokwawa, masamba ndi ochepa, osakwanira kutalika kwa 2 cm.Maluwa ang'onoang'ono a lilac hue amasonkhanitsidwa m'malo owerengeka. Nthawi ya maluwa a timbewu achi Japan, pachithunzichi, imayamba mu Ogasiti ndipo imatha mpaka nthawi yophukira.
Monga mitundu ina ya banja, mbewuyo ili ndi mafuta ofunikira ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zodzoladzola, komanso imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokometsera zonunkhira.
Forest mint: Kufotokozera ndi chithunzi
Mtengo wamtchire kapena lubani m'dziko lathu ndi mbewu yomwe ndi ya banja la Yasnotkov, koma ndi wachibale wakutali chabe wa nthata wamba. Uku ndi oregano kapena Origanum vulgare. Ku Europe, ndipo makamaka m'maiko a Mediterranean, nkhalango zowonetsedwa pachithunzichi zimadziwika kuti oregano.
Ku Russia, komwe mitengo ya oregano kapena nkhalango imamera pafupifupi m'dziko lonse kuthengo, chikhalidwecho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Pakati pa gawo la ku Europe ndi ku Siberia, oregano amatha kupezeka m'malo opezeka madzi osefukira, m'nkhalango za oak komanso m'mphepete mwa nkhalango zowoneka bwino.
Ku France, Italy ndi USA, oregano kapena oregano amamuona ngati zokometsera zamasamba ndi nyama, makeke ndi marinade. Chifukwa chake, m'madera awa, zipatso za udzu zimalimidwa mwachangu. Mapesi a mitengo ya mbewa amayamba kubzala pamwamba pa dothi, amakula mpaka 30 - 70 cm. Oregano ali ndi masamba owundana omwe amakhala pamwamba ndipo akuwonekeranso kumbuyo. Ma infllorescence samakhala opindika kapena oyera, ngati timbewu, koma corymbose, wokhala ndi maluwa abuluu kapena opepuka.
Mtundu waku Mexico
Mint waku Mexico, ambiri omwe amakulira kumpoto kwa America, ali mbali imodzi ya banja limodzi komanso gulu lokhala ndi timbewu tosiyanasiyana, koma ali ndi dzina losiyana. Kwa botanists ndi wamaluwa, chomera ichi chimadziwika kuti chimatalika, polyphylla kapena Agastache scrophulariifolia.
Ichi ndi chopatsa chidwi mosatha, ndikupanga tchire kutalika mita ndi theka ndikukhala ndi fungo lamphamvu, lomwe lidapereka maziko akuti mbewuyi ikhale ya timbewu ta ku Mexico.
Wotsoguka mu zigawo za Russia wakula ngati zokongoletsera zokongola, chomera chabwino kwambiri cha uchi ndi chomera chamafuta. Zowona, kuti mint wa ku Mexico apulumuke nthawi yozizira ku gawo la ku Europe pakati, ku Western Siberia ndi Urals, chikhalidwechi chimafuna pogona ndi chitsimikizo kuti mizu ya chomera sichikhala m'madzi kumapeto kwa nyengo.
Mu malo amodzi, multicolumn imakula bwino mpaka zaka 6. Masiku ano, mitundu yambiri imayalidwa ndi maluwa amitundu yonse kuchokera ku lilac komanso buluu wakuya mpaka lalanje ndi rasipiberi.
Mint: chithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe a mitundu
Ngati timbewu tonunkhira ku Mexico kapena oregano, yemwe siali wa abale apafupi kwambiri ndi mitundu yam'munda yodziwika bwino, amagwiritsidwabe ntchito ngati mankhwala azomera komanso zonunkhira, ndiye timbewu takhomedwe kakunyumba, ka mtundu wa Plectranthus, ndichikhalidwe chokongoletsa chokhacho.
Zomera zochuluka zimadzitcha timbewu ta kwawo, zobadwira kumadera awo otentha ku Asia, Africa, Australia ndi South America.
Plectrantuses ndi zipatso zosatha, zina zomwe zapeza malo m'nyumba monga mbewu zamkati, ndipo zina zimamera ngati mbewu zamaluwa chokongoletsera. Komanso, pakati pa masamba a herbaceous pali zitsamba zazitali.
Plectranthus fruticosus kapena shrub pectrantus yemwe amakula mpaka mita imodzi ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yokhala ngati timbewu. Shrubbery imakhala ndi mizu yokongola yopanda pake, mphukira za nthambi za pubescent, zobzalidwa ndi masamba osanjika amitima ya masentimita 10. Mano owongoka amawonekera pamasamba.
Kunyumba, monga chithunzicho, maluwa onunkhira a lilac ophatikizidwa kukhala inflorescence lotayirira pamwamba pa mphukira.
Coleus kapena nettle wokhala ndi masamba owoneka bwino owoneka bwino amatchulanso zamtundu womwewo monga chithunzi, timbewu.
Chitsamba china chofika kutalika kwa mamitala 2,5 amtunduwu chimatchedwa Plectranthus ecklonii. Ku South Africa, komwe timbewu tonunkhira timeneti timamera, mbewuyo imakonda malo kapena mthunzi wocheperako. Chitsamba chimamera pang'onopang'ono, chimamasula pachaka, chimapereka, kutulutsa kolimba, kwamtundu wa buluu, lilac kapena mtundu woyera kumapeto kwa mphukira. Mutha kufalitsa plectrantus yotereyo mwa kuyala kapena kudula. Ku Russia, pogona nthawi yachisanu ndikudulira kwa mphukira ndikofunikira kuti chithandizocho chikukula bwino kuzizira.
Mitundu ya Plectranthus Plectranthus oertendahlii ndi mbuto yaying'ono yomwe masamba ake satalika motalika kuposa 50 cm komanso mawonekedwe owoneka osiririka. Masamba a nyumba zopangidwa pachithunzichi ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ovoid komanso amtundu wachilendo. Kamvekedwe kazonse ka masamba ndi kobiriwira kakang'ono, ndipo mitsempha imakhala yowala. Maluwa a chikhalidwe ichi ndi oyera kapena a lilac hue, ochepa, omwe amakhala osungika kwambiri.
Plectranthus verticillatus kapena plectrantus wowomba ali ndi masamba osalala owoneka bwino amtundu wobiriwira. Pankhaniyi, zimayambira komanso petioles ya masamba ndi ofiirira kapena a violet. Kutulutsa maluwa kumayendera limodzi ndi mawonekedwe oyera maluwa oyera, okongoletsedwa ndi burgundy kapena lilacks mkati mwa corolla.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino kwambiri za peppermint ngati plectranthus ndi Plectranthus madagascariensis. Chitsamba chaching'ono, chofika mita imodzi chokhala ndi mphukira zokwawa kapena zokwawa chimamera ngati chikhalidwe chopambana ndipo chimazika mizu m'minda ya ku Europe.
Plectranthus hybrid "Mona Lavender" ndi mawonekedwe okongola modabwitsa. Monga tikuwonera pachithunzichi, timbewu tosongoka tomwe timayambira timeneti timakhala tating'ono kwambiri mpaka 50. Masamba m'mphepete mwake ali ndi notches. Maluwa ndi ochulukirapo, okongola kwambiri. Maluwa olekanitsidwa, monga lavenda, mthunzi wokongola wa lilac. Masamba mpaka 5 cm kutalika kwake ndi kubiriwira kapena utoto wofiirira, womwe umakonda kwambiri masamba.
