Ngakhale kwawo kwa hazel ndi Asia Minor, masiku ano amatha kupezeka pakatikati pa Europe, nkhalango za Caucasus, komanso America ndi Canada. Chaposachedwa, alimi ambiri adakwanitsa kuyamikira osati zokongoletsera zake zokha, komanso kukoma kwake, komwe alibe kofanana. Woimira uyu wa banja la birch adayala maziko a chitukuko chake m madera akumwera, pomwe madera akulu amapatsidwa gawo loti akhazikitse hazel.
Kuthengo, chomera ichi, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti hazelnut, chimatha kupezeka mu nkhalango za South Urals ndi Perm Territory. Ndipo alimi oyamba angakonde kulandira mayankho a mafunso ambiri okhudza Hazel: Kodi ndi shrub kapena mtengo, ndizinthu ziti zomwe zimabzala?
Hazel: ndi mtengo kapena mtengo?
Ngakhale hazel nthawi zambiri imadziwika ndi mtundu wamtchire, komabe, imapereka nthumwi zingapo zoyimira gulu la mitengo. Mwachitsanzo, ndi chimbalangondo, chomwe chimamera ngati mtengo wochepa thupi komanso wamtali, chokongoletsedwa ndi korona wokongola. Komabe, makamaka Hazel imamera ngati chitsamba. Kuthengo, nthawi zambiri imapanga chisa chokhala m'nkhalango zowuma. Chodziwika kwambiri ndi nkhalango ya hazel, yomwe ambiri amadziwana ngati Hazel wamba. Pankhaniyi, ndikufuna kunena mbiri ya mawu oti "hazel". Ili ndi chibadwidwe cha ku Russia: masamba a shrub amafanana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a nsomba za nyanjayi, zomwe ngakhale nthawi zakale zimapezeka ndi anthu aku Russia.
Kodi hazel imawoneka bwanji?
Kudziwa mitundu yamitundu yomwe ilipo ya hazel, titha kudziwa kuti ambiri a iwo ndi zitsamba zowalayokutidwa ndi masamba akulu owoneka bwino, okhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Hazel imamera bwino m'malo otentha pomwe pali chinyezi chokwanira komanso nthaka yachonde. Nthawi zambiri, imatha kupezeka m'nkhalango zowola, pomwe imakhala bwino ndi oyandikana nawo monga mitengo yathundu, ma elms ndi mapulo.
Ma Hazelnuts ali ndi chiwonetsero chachikulu kwambiri pamtunda wamtunda, pomwe amapanga khoma mosalekeza. Hazel yakutchire nthawi zambiri imawoneka ngati zitsamba zophukaKupanga timitengo tambiri tambiri tomwe timapanga molunjika ku nthangala.
- zitsamba izi ndi zazitali mokwanira, mpaka kutalika kwa mamita 3-5;
- ma hazelnang amatha kufalikira mosaka zipatso (pogwiritsa ntchito abale kapena odulidwa) kapena mtedza. Mukakulitsa ma hazelnuts kudzera pofesa mbewu, ndi zitsanzo za zaka 6 mpaka 7 zokha zomwe zimalowa mu kubereka. Mphindi iyi imatha kubweretsedwa pafupi ndi hazel ikafalikira m'njira yamasamba, yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wobala zipatso mchaka chachinayi;
- M'chilimwe, chitsamba cha hazel chimakhala chovuta kwambiri kusokoneza ndi mbewu zina: izi zimawonetsedwa ndi masamba ake ozungulira ndi ma clove ang'ono ndi nsonga yakuthwa yomwe ili m'mphepete;
- Chizindikiro chowonjezera cha shrubber ndicho kukhalapo kwa mawonekedwe pang'ono pamtundu wokhudza.
Mitundu yambiri yama hazelnuts imakula mu mawonekedwe a zitsamba zazikulu zazitali zokhala ndi kutalika kwa mamitala 5-6 ndi khungwa losalala. Kuphatikiza apo, izi zimatha kusinthidwa imvi kuti terracotta bulauni. Mtundu wokhala ndi mphukira wachinyamata ndi wobiriwira wonyezimira, womwe umatha kuphatikizidwa ndi madontho ang'ono achikasu. Tchire zazing'ono zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolakwika chifukwa cha mphukira za linden, koma kusiyana kulipobe chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri.
Kutumphuka kwa Hazel nthawi zina kumatha kukhala ngati ma elm. Ali ndi makungwa ndi masamba ofanana, omwe ali ndi utoto komanso mawonekedwe. Kuti muwasiyanitse wina ndi mnzake, muyenera kulabadira thunthu, lomwe elm ili ndi imodzi yokha. Nthambi za hazel, nthambi zambiri zimapangika, pomwe chizindikiro cha chitsamba chimawonekera. Hazel itha kuthandizidwanso ndi impso zake, zomwe zimabiriwira zobiriwira komanso zowoneka bwino. Masamba a Elm, m'malo mwake, ndi ofiira ndi mawonekedwe a spiky.
Onani Zinthu
Hazel ndi nthumwi ya zomera monocotyledonous, pomwe nthawi yakula maluwa amphongo amphongo ndi aakazi amapangidwanso pachimodzimodzi. Zachimuna maluwa amawoneka ngati mphete, amapanga ma inflorescence ofewa amtundu wachikasu. Amatha kukhala olakwika mosavuta chifukwa cha birch kapena alogo catogo. Mukadzawabzala mu June-Julayi, ndiye mu kugwa amayamba kukula, ndipo pakubwera kwa masika, pambuyo pakupanga nyengo yachisanu bwino, amayamba kutulutsa. Pambuyo pakucha, mphepo imanyamula mungu, kuonetsetsa kuti Hazel ipangidwe.
Maluwa achikazi ndi ovuta kusiyanitsa. Amapangidwa ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono omwe amapezeka mkati mwapadera masamba omwe amakula nyengo yapitayi. Nthawi ikafika maluwa, mamba ama masamba, omwe masamba obisika amadzaza, amayamba kutseguka, monga chotulukapo chake, mungu wosunthidwa ndi mphepo umatha kufika kumeneko.
Mitundu ya Hazel
Ma Hazelnuts akuphatikiza pafupifupi mitundu 20, mkati mwa chilichonse chomwe munthu amatha kusiyanitsa zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana. Ndipo ngakhale ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri zimakhala mbewu zosagwira chisanu ndi cholimba. Hazel imatha kumera mu nyengo zosayenera kwambiri kwa mbewu zina zambiri, popeza sizimayambira m'nthaka, komabe, kupezeka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe m'nthaka kumathandizira kuti ikukula ndikukula.
Mitundu yonse ya ma hazelnuts, popanda kupatula, imayankha moyenera ku chinyezi, koma iyenera kukhala pang'ono. Nthawi zina amatha kumera bwino ngakhale atakhala pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, koma izi sizimalola kuti iwonetse zonse zokongoletsa zawo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zokolola zambiri zikuyenda bwino. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuwabzala m'malo otentha.
Hazel wamba
Imakonda kumera ngati chitsamba chokulirapo chachikulu, chotalika mamita 4-6, chomwe chimakongoletsedwa ndi korona wofalikira. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, Hazel wamba amayamba kutulutsa masamba masamba ake asanaphuke. Chifukwa chake makamaka chidwi njuchi. Mitengo yambiri ndi zitsamba zikukonzekera maluwa, mphete zagolide zimayamba kutulutsa pafupi ndi hazel, potero zimapatsa chakudya njuchi zofooka.
- kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yakukula, masamba a hazelnut amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira pamtunda komanso wopepuka pansi, koma pakugwa masamba amayamba kutembenukira chikaso wogawana;
- magawo osiyanasiyana a moyo, hazel imaperekanso kuwonjezereka. Mu zaka zoyambirira za moyo, kuchuluka kwake kutalika kumakhala kochenjera kwambiri. Kukula kumayendetsedwa mchaka chachisanu kapena chisanu ndi chimodzi, zomwe zimatsogolera kukuwonekera kwa mphukira zazing'ono;
- kuthengo, ma hazel amatha kupezeka kawirikawiri ku dera la Europe la Russia ndi ku peninsula ya Crimea. Ambiri mwa oimira ake akupezeka ku Western Europe ndi Caucasus.
Chimbalangondo Nut, kapena Mtengo wa Hazel
Mafuta a chimbalangondo amaima patali ndi ena oimira zitsamba, chifukwa ndi gulu la mitengo yazomera. Itha kumera mpaka 15-20 mitawokhala ndi nduwira mainchesi 8-10. Chizindikiro cha mtengo wa chimbalangondo ndi thunthu lokongola.
Mtengo ungathe kuzindikiridwa ndi korona wawo wodabwitsa kwambiri wa piramidi, womwe umapangidwa ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira omwe amatulutsa kale izi zisanachitike ndi mitundu ina ya mbewu. Mtengo wa Hazel umakongoletsedwa ndi khungwa loyera, lomwe limaperekedwa mwa mawonekedwe a mbale zopapatiza;- mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya hazel, mitunduyi imapereka kukula kwakukulu pa nyengo, imatha kumva bwino m'malo otetemera, imagwirizana ndi chisanu, komanso imalekerera nyengo yayitali;
- imawonetsera zake zabwino mukadzala panthaka zokhala ndi humus. Maonekedwe osazolowereka ndi mtedza wazipatso, womwe umakhala wofowoka, mkati mwake mumakhala timiyala tating'onoting'ono;
- ngakhale kuti mitengo ya filbert imapatsa nthumwi zambiri, chifukwa cha kudzipereka kwake, imatha kukula mpaka zaka 200, ndikupanga mphukira pogwiritsa ntchito kudula ndi mbewu;
- kuthengo, mtengo wa hazel umaimiridwa ku Caucasus ndi Balkan, komanso ku Asia Little. Nthawi zambiri mitengo yamtengo wapatali ya hazel imapezeka m'nkhalango zamapiri zopendekera. M'dziko lathu, mbewuyi imatetezedwa ndikukula m'malo osungirako. Chifukwa cha zokongoletsera zake zotchulidwa, mtedza wa bere nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa misewu ndi ma penti, ndipo umagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokonza mzere.
Mtengo ungathe kuzindikiridwa ndi korona wawo wodabwitsa kwambiri wa piramidi, womwe umapangidwa ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira omwe amatulutsa kale izi zisanachitike ndi mitundu ina ya mbewu. Mtengo wa Hazel umakongoletsedwa ndi khungwa loyera, lomwe limaperekedwa mwa mawonekedwe a mbale zopapatiza;Mafuta a lombard
Pokhala woimira wamkulu wa mtundu, chitsamba ichi chimakongoletsedwa ndi nthambi zokongola zowongoka zomwe zimatha kumupatsa kutalika mpaka 10 mita. Masamba a Lombard walnut ali ndi mawonekedwe apoyamba, okhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, omwe amakongoletsedwa ndi m'mphepete mwa seva. Zovunda zamtunduwu zimatha kumera pokhapokha nyengo yofunda, imalekeredwa bwino kwambiri ndi kuzizira. Kwa zaka zambiri, idalimidwa ku Balkan ndi Asia Minor, pomwe idasungidwa ngati chitsamba cha mtedza.
Mukukula, tchire limakhala ngati mphukira zowuma pachaka. Mawonekedwe a masamba a hazel amakhala owaza kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kuzungulira, amatha kufika masentimita 10-12. Poyamba, ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ndi mtima, omwe, pamene akusunthira, amafupikitsidwa ndikutha ndi nsonga lakuthwa. Mphete zazikulu zazimuna zazitali masentimita 10 zimaperekanso chiwonetsero china ku Hazel. Zimaperekedwa mu mawonekedwe a matumba otopetsa, pomwe zidutswa pafupifupi 8 zitha kupezeka, zomwe zimakutidwa ndi fumbi lakunyentchera.
Kutengera Lombard walnut adaweta nakulitsa ma hazelnutszogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani. Zokolola zochuluka zimatha kupezeka kokha mwa kukulitsa mtunduwu pamadothi omasuka okhala ndi michere. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pokongoletsa.
Maonekedwe ofiirira a red-Hazel
Mtundu wa hazel uwu umawoneka woyambirira kwambiri, chifukwa umasiyana ndi mtundu wa masamba kuzungulira mtundu wina. Imawoneka ngati chitsamba chamitundu yambiri chotalika mpaka 4 metres, chomwe chimakongoletsedwa ndi masamba akulu amtundu wakofiirira. Mukukula, mtedza umapangidwa mu wofunda wofiyira, mkati momwe mumakhala ma pinki a ma pinki.
Hazel yofiyira ndiyofala kwambiri ngati chitsamba chokongoletsera. Poganiza kuti imakulidwa kwambiri kum'mwera zigawo, satha kusamutsa nyengo yozizira kwambiri yapa Russian. Kuyesera kuphimba nthawi yozizira isanachitike kokha kungakhale kopambana: ngakhale mtundu uwu wa hazelnut sufa kwathunthu, komabe, zaka zotsatirazi sudikira maluwa kapena mtedza. Zikatero, ndizofunika ngati chomera chokongoletsera, ndikupatsa malowa mwapadera.
Manchurian hazel
Chikhalidwe ichi chimakula bwino munthawi zovuta za Far East, Primorye, komanso Korea ndi Northern China, kotero chimalekerera chisanu bwino ndipo imamverera mu machitidwe a kutetemera kwakukulu. Chimakula kukhala ngati chitsamba mpaka 4-5 mita kukwera, ndikupanga mphukira zambiri.
Ndikofunika chifukwa cha zipatso zomwe zili ndi machiritso. Nthawi yomweyo, mtundu uwu wa hazel watchula zokongoletsera. Choyambirira, chikuwonetsa mtundu wa bulauni, mphukira zazing'onoting'ono zazing'ono komanso masamba ofewa, omwe mu nyengo yotentha amakhala obiriwira amtundu, ndipo kumapeto kwa kukula akukusintha kukhala malalanje amtundu wa lalanje kapena golide. Ma Hazelnuts okhala ndi mawonekedwe ofunda amadzuka m'dzinja. Anayamba kutchuka kwambiri mu mankhwala aku China, chifukwa ali ndi zida zabwino zotsutsana ndi kutupa.
Pomaliza
Kwa anthu ambiri osazindikira, hazel imawoneka ngati mbewu yosangalatsa, chifukwa posakhala katswiri, ndizovuta kunena za hazel - uwu ndi mtengo kapena shrub. Ngakhale osati chifukwa cha izi, hazel iyenera kuyang'aniridwa. Kuyesera kupeza mayankho ku mafunso ena, ambiri amapeza kuti ma hazelnuts nthawi zambiri chogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomera chokongoletsera, ngakhale izi sizofunika. Inde, kugwa Hazel zipse mtedza, omwe mitundu ina imachiritsa. Chifukwa chake, kulima chitsamba ichi pamalowo sikopindulitsa komanso kopindulitsa.
