Khrushchev, kapena chafer - momwe angathanirane ndi tizilombo?

Cockchafer ndi tizilombo toopsa ta zomera zobiriwira. Zimayambitsa zowopsa kawiri kokha kwa masamba azomera zam'munda ndi zam'munda, komanso mbewu zamatanda m'minda, nkhalango, mapaki. Akuluakulu a Maybug amadziwika kuti ndi achichepere. Amakonda mitundu ina ya nkhalango ndi parke oak, birch, mapulo, popula, linden, masamba phulusa. Udzu wamera ndi mbewu zobzalidwa mulibe nazo chidwi. Nthawi zina pamitengo iyi mu Meyi mutha kuwona zazifupi zazomera za May kafadala. Kutalika kwa kachilomboka ndi nthawi yochepa ndipo sikukhala ndi nthawi yopweteketsa, koma mphutsi zake zomwe zimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali chitukuko sizimasankha bwino zakudya ndipo zimatha kuwononga madera akuluakulu omwe mbewu zimangokhala nthawi yochepa.

Chafer kachilomboka, kapena kachilomboka Chafer (Melolontha). © Anthony White

Kufalikira kwa Maybug

Chafer, kapena Mai Khrushchev (Melolontha) ndichosangalatsa kwa ana ndi imodzi mwazilombo zowopsa chifukwa cha chilengedwe komanso malo ogawirako. Pakadali pano, mwa mitundu 24 (malinga ndi zolembedwa zina - 74) ku Russia, mitundu 9 ndi yodziwika. Tizilomboti titha kukhala paliponse m'nkhalango zamtchire ndi nkhalango ku Europe ndi Asia. Ku Russian Federation amapezeka paliponse kuyambira kum'mwera kupita kumzinda wa Siberia. Kuchulukitsa kwa tizirombo kumatengera gawo lonse la ku Europe, kuphatikiza zigawo za Central Russia. Kudera la Asia, kugawidwa ku Kamchatka. Imapezeka paliponse ku Caucasus ndi Transcaucasia.

Mulole chiwopsezo cholakwika

Kuopsa kwa kachilomboka ndikokwera kwambiri. Kupezeka kwa 1 mphutsi pa 1 sq. m m'deralo - poyandikira zowononga za kachilomboka. Kafukufuku wokhudza nkhalango ndi malo osungirako zinyama, kubzala m'minda m'malo ena kunalemba za kukhalapo kwa 2 - 3, komanso pafupi ndi malamba amtchire - mpaka 20 kapena kuposerapo mphuthu. m

M'mikhalidwe yabwino, kukuchulukana kwachangu kwa tizirombo ndipo pakubwera nthawi pafupifupi 20-25 yaulendo wambiri, womwe umatenga zaka 3 mpaka 4. Pafupifupi zaka 10 ndikofunikira kuti kachilomboka ka Meyi kakhale kabwino kuswana nthawi yayitali isanayambe ndikuyamba kuthawa kwatsopano.

Kodi kachilomboka kakuwonongeka?

Tizilomboti takaleti ta Makale timawonekera koyambirira kwa Meyi nyengo ikakhala yotentha. Munthawi imeneyi, zimayambitsa mavuto, kudya masamba achichepere ndi maluwa azidimba zonse, paki ndi zomera zamitondo. Kuzizira kumayambitsa dzanzi la imago, ndipo ngakhale kufa panthawi yobwerera masika a masika. Akuluakulu ambiri amavulala nthawi ya masika nthawi yotuluka pachimbudzi. Vuto lalikulu la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda akuluakulu ndi kusiya mwana. Miyezi iwiri pachaka, zazikazi zazikulu za chikumbu cha Meyi zimadya kwambiri ndikuyika mazira.

Patatha masabata 4-6 atachoka ku imago, mbadwo wotsatira wa mphutsi kuchokera ku mazira, mphutsi za zaka zam'mbuyo zimayamba. M'dothi amakhala zaka 4, akudutsa magawo 6 akukula. Zimasunthasuntha m'nthaka. M'nyengo yozizira, amapita kumtunda wotsika mpaka 50 cm, ndipo kasupe amabwerera kumizere wokhala ndi mizu ndikuwotcha nthaka kuti + 10 ... + 15 ° С. Mphutsi za Meyi chikumbu kwa nthawi yonse ya moyo wawo, kupatula gawo la chrysalis ndi nthawi ya kubisala, nthawi zonse limaluma zonse zomwe zili m'nthaka. Mosiyana ndi kafadala wamkulu wa May, amaluma mizu ya namsongole, masamba ndi ndiwo zamasamba, mitengo ya akulu ya maluwa osinthika ndi nkhalango, zipatso, tchire ndi mitundu ina ya mbewu. Mphutsi amazula masamba a sitiroberi / sitiroberi, wakuda ndi mitundu ina ya currants. Makamaka ambiri aiwo amasonkhana pamizu ya apulo ndi chitumbuwa. M'mapaki ndi m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, mphutsi za Meyi kachilomboka zimakhazikika pamizu ya aspen, birch, mkungudza, spruce ndi mbewu zina. Kufufuza kwawonetsa kuti mphutsi ya zaka zitatu imatha kuwononga mizu ya mtengo wazipatso wazaka 2 patsiku 1, ndipo mphutsi ya zaka ziwiri imadya pamizu ya mitengo sabata yonse. Pakadali pano patatha zaka 10 chilimwe. Kuchokera ku mazira okhala ndi mphutsi zatsopano za chikumbu cha Meyi, mphutsi zoyamba kubadwa zimakula, ndipo mphutsi zimaberekanso mwamphamvu pansi panthaka.

Mphutsi za Maybug. © a-evans

Kutanthauzira kwa May Beetle

Cockchafer ndi tizilombo chachikulu. Kutalika kwa kachilombo kakakulu kumafikira masentimita 3.5-4.0. Thupi la kachilomboka limakhala lofanana ndi mbiya, lalitali kum'mbuyo kumapeto, chakuda kapena chofiirira. Thupi limakutidwa ndi tsitsi laling'ono. Pamutu komanso zofowoka zofunda ndizitali. Tizilomboti timakhala tofinya chifukwa cha mafupa ake amphamvu akunja. Akazi a bug ndi osiyana ndi amuna. Kugonana kwamisala pakumayesedwa kwakunja, kumadziwonetsera kutalika kwa tinyanga: mwa akazi ndi ofupikirapo, aimphongo amuna, ofanana ndi kalabu yokhota kumapeto.

Kuzungulira kwa chitukuko ndi kubalanso kwa kafadala wa Meyi

Kuzungulira kwa chikumbu cha Meyi kumatenga zaka 4-5. Mu theka lachiwiri la Meyi, akazi achikulire okhwima omwe amawonekera, omwe moyo wawo umakhala wofanana ndi mating ndi kuyikira mazira (zidutswa 50-80) pamtunda wa dothi lokwera masentimita 15-20. Atagona, zazikazi zimafa. Pambuyo pa miyezi 1.0-1,5, mphutsi zoyera. Ochepera komanso ofooka amakhalabe m'malo a kuwaswa chaka choyamba ndikudyetsa makamaka zadothi. Kuyambira chaka chachiwiri, amalowa munthaka ndikukhala malo atsopano. M'nthaka, mphutsi za Maybug zimakhala ndi chakudya kwa zaka 3-4. Munthawi imeneyi, magawo angapo a chitukuko amadutsa, ndiye, pakati pa chilimwe cha chaka cha 4, chimadutsa gawo la pupa losayenda. Tambala wachikulire amatuluka pachikumbu - munthu wamkulu, yemwe amangopezeka mchaka pamwamba padziko lapansi, amayamba kudya kwambiri ndikuyamba kuzungulira kwatsopano. Nthawi yomweyo, mphutsi zambiri zamibadwo yosiyanasiyana zimakhalabe m'nthaka. Akazi achichepere amatulutsira mazira, ndikuchulukitsa pachaka mbadwo wina uliwonse wa mphutsi ndi 70-200 zidutswa chilichonse.

Chomera podziteteza ku chafer

Panthawi yoteteza, chidwi chachikulu chimaperekedwa pakuwonongeka kwa mphutsi, zomwe zimachulukana chaka chilichonse ndi anthu masauzande angapo a mibadwo yosiyana. Pakadali pano, zinthu zamakono zamankhwala ndi zofunikira zimaperekedwa zomwe zimawononga bwino tizilombo popanda kuvulaza nthaka ndi mbewu. Pankhaniyi, zinthu zachilengedwe ndizoyenera kuteteza, chifukwa sizovulaza zinyalala zadothi.

Zizindikiro zakutha kwa mbewu ndi kachilomboka

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timadya masamba, masamba, thumba losunga mazira ndi singano zazing'ono. Zowonongeka ndi mphutsi, popanda chifukwa chakunja, mbewuzo zimayamba kupendekera, kugonera kumbuyo ndikukula. Zomera za zitsamba zimatuluka mosavuta m'nthaka. Mbeu zakufa ziyenera kufufisidwa bwino, dothi liyenera kufufuzidwa kuti liphuluke. Amakhala akulu, amakhala ndi mutu wakuda, wopindidwa ngati zilembo "C". Pansipa ya gawo logawanikali pali awiri awiriawiri a mapaundi ndi ma peyala asanu amiyendo yam'mimba. Ngati mandala apezeka, ayenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kuti mutetezane ndi tizilombo.

Mulole kuzungulira kwa kachilomboka. Chithunzi chochokera voliyumu yachiwiri ya buku lotchedwa "Fauna of Germany" lolemba Edmund Reiter. Chaka cha 1908.

Momwe mungathanirane ndi cholakwika ndi Meyi?

Ntchito yofunika yaulimi ndi kutolera ndi kuwononga mphutsi za Meyi kachilomboka nthawi yophukira ndi kuphukira kwa tsambalo. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa mphutsi ndi + 24 ... + 26 ° С. Samapitilirabe pochita hibernation, ndipo kasupe amayenda kale pafupi ndi mizu ya mbeu yomwe ili kumtunda wa 10-20 masentimita.

Mayikowa akhale ndi adani achilengedwe (ma entomophages) omwe amadya tizilombo. Kuti muwakopere kumunda wamaluwa ndi ndiwo zamasamba, mutha kudzala katsabola, nthangala zonyamula, fennel, anise, coriander m'malo osiyanasiyana. Mpendadzuwa, phacelia ndi mbewu zina za nectaronos ndizokongola ndi ma entomophages.

Ngati nkosatheka kuchititsa dimba kusamalira bwino, ndibwino kutseka. Akazi a chikumbu cha Meyi (komanso ma scoops a chisanu) sangathe kulowa pansi m'nthaka kudzera pa sod, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti palibe mazira adzaikidwe.

Ngati sodding yosatha siperekedwa, ndiye kuti mankhwalawa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa chake, mphutsi za chikumbu cha Meyi sizitha kulolera zochuluka za nayitrogeni m'nthaka ndi kusiya malo oterowo. Ndikothekanso kubzala oyera clover, nandolo, nyemba, nyemba ndi mbewu zina zomwe zimakhala ma nitrogen-fixers mozungulira-stem mozungulira, ndipo mu kugwa zitha kufesedwa munthaka ngati feteleza wobiriwira mukakumba.

Mayikirowa ndi mphutsi zake sizilekerera fungo komanso kufinya kwa lupine ndi mpiru. Mphutsi zimafa ndi njala, popeza mulibe udzu kuti udye kuzungulira lupine, ndipo kafadala nthawi yomweyo amawuluka. Mustard ndi feteleza wobiriwira wodabwitsa; mukabzyala m'nthaka, zimathandizira kuti nyongolotsi zife.

Mbale mphutsi za mankhwala ena a chloride. Ngati mphutsi zimapezeka m'nthaka, mutha kusintha kuti muwonjezere ma tuks okhala ndi chlorine kapena, mukakumba, onjezani bulach pang'ono.

Kuberera patsamba la mbalame ndi ma hedgehogs omwe amawononga mwachangu kachikumbu ka Meyi ndi mphutsi zawo. Mutha kupachika misampha ndi nyambo.

Kumapeto kwa Epulo - Meyi, nsikidzi za Meyi zidatuluka, kutentha kwambiri kuposa + 12 ... + 15 ° C, kudayamba kucha. Pakadali pano, amanjenjemera ndipo amatisonkhanitsa.

M'mundamo, siderates mbewu za mpiru, clover yoyera, nandolo ndi mbewu zina, makamaka pamtanda, ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwadongosolo. Zomera zazitali (mbatata, biringanya, chimanga, ndi zina) zimabzalidwa mu clover yoyera. Nodule nayitrogeni pamizu ya clover atulutsa mphutsi za Meyi ragweed ndikugwira ntchito ngati feteleza wobiriwira wazomera zobzalidwa. M'nyengo yachilimwe (monga manyowa obiriwira), clover imadula pakati pa mizere.

Kuchulukana kwa mphutsi za Maybug pansi pa turf. © Pitchcare

Njira zamankhwala motsutsana ndi Meyi joum

Mwachilengedwe, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala sikulandirika m'nyumba yanyumba, koma kwa okonda kuwononga mwachangu kwa zinthu zonse, mankhwala otsatirawa akhoza kulimbikitsidwa kuti awononge mphutsi za Maybug.

Kukonza ndi Zemlin - mankhwala ophatikizana ndi matumbo. Ndikuphatikizidwa mosasunthika m'nthaka, zimayamba kukhudza mphutsi masana, makamaka zazing'ono zomwe zimadya humus. Kwa 10 lalikulu mita. m m'deralo zimathandizira 15-20 g ufa kapena granules ya mankhwala kukonzekera. Mankhwalawa amatha kuwonjezeredwa ku dzenje mukabzala mbatata ndi mbewu zina.

Aktara, Bazudin, Vallar - Tizilombo toyambitsa matumbo timene timapha tizirombo tina. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mizu ya mbewu zobzalidwa, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka m'nthaka monga njira yothetsera kapena mawonekedwe owuma a mankhwalawo.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, onetsetsani kuti mwatsata malangizo a kuchepetsedwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, sikofunikira kuti muthe kupanga michere yambiri (kupatula chizindikiro chokhacho).

Anti-crunch - mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali. Musanagwiritse ntchito, kuyimitsa kokhazikika kumadzipaka kukhala njira yogwira ntchito molingana ndi malangizo othandiza masamba, mbande ndi zitsamba. Pothana ndi vutoli, mizu ya mbewu imanyowa ndikuthiriridwa ndi yankho logwira pansi pa muzu.

Kuchokera pamankhwala omwe mungagwiritse ntchito yankho lamadzi ammonia kubzala mtsogolo kwa sitiroberi / sitiroberi zamtchire. Sungunulani 200 g wa ammonium nitrate mu 10 l yamadzi pa 1 lalikulu. mamita m'dera la 3-4 miyezi isanafike Thirani. Njira imeneyi ipulumutsa kwa zaka zambiri ku grub ndi mphutsi zawo.

Khrushchev amakonda kwambiri mizu yokhazikika ya sitiroberi. Pazolinga zopewera, pansi pa mizu ya sitiroberi, mutha kupanga yankho la ammonia (supuni / ndowa).

Njira zodzitchinjiriza kuti zithetse kachilomboka

Kunyumba, pansi pa munda wonse, mabulosi, ndiwo zamasamba ndi mbewu zina ndi mabedi a maluwa, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zoyenera zachilengedwe. Amapha mwadala tizirombo, osavulaza thanzi la anthu ndi nyama.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zachilengedwe izi Nemabact. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, timene timayambitsa thupi la mphutsi za Meyi, timapha tizilombo patatha masiku atatu. Kuphatikiza kumadzichepetsera mu chiyerekezo cha 1: 100. Amagwira ntchito ndi mankhwalawa pamtunda wa mpweya wosapansi kuposa + 25 ... + 26 ° С. Amabweretsedwa m'nthaka yonyowa pambuyo kuthirira kapena kuthirira.

Kuwononga bwino mphutsi za Meyi kachilomboka Yankho, Boverin, Fitovermyopangidwa pamaziko a dothi Lothandiza tizilombo (EM microflora).

Musanagwiritse ntchito zachilengedwe, ndikofunikira kuti muphunzire malingaliro ake. Kudzipaka nokha ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ndende yogwira ntchito sikungawononge tizilombo, koma kungayambitse matenda.

Njira zachikhalidwe chothana ndi kachilomboka

Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa alangizi anyezi peel kulowetsedwa mu gawo la 100 g / 10 l lamadzi, tsimikizani sabata ndi kulima nthaka pansi pa zomerazi. Kuwaza mbewu, kuthira njira yothetsera vutoli mu 1: 1.

Ngati mu mphukira ya masika 1-2 kapena kafadala wamkulu mwapezeka, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa dothi (1%) ndikuthandizira mbewu (0%) potaziyamu permanganate yankho.

Ndi kulima kwa masika, mutha kupanga mwatsopano waterera laimu kapena kukonzekera kwa chlorine. Fungo la laimu ndi chlorine limathamangitsa nsikidzi poyesera kuyikira mazira.

Thamangitsani nsikidzi yankho la ammonia. Njira yothetsera 20 ml pa 10 malita a madzi ndi kuwaza m'dzinja la chomera. Tizilomboti timachokamo popanda kupangira mazira pofikira.