Nthaka yobzala ndi chisakanizo cha zinthu zachilengedwe komanso zosayera. Ichi ndiye maziko ofunikira kuti mizu ikule, kukula bwino komanso zipatso za mtengowo. Zomera zimatengera kukonzekera bwino mbande.
Kodi dothi labwino kwambiri la mbande ndi liti?
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka yogula mbande. Yabwino, yachangu komanso yovuta. Zonse zimapangidwa pamaziko a peat. Koma apa mutha kuthana ndi vuto, kodi ndi mitundu iti yosakaniza? Kuti musankhe dothi labwino kwa mbande, muyenera kumvetsetsa zigawozo kapena kufunsira akatswiri mu shopu yapadera.
Kuti musunge ndalama osakhumudwitsidwa pazotsatira, mutha kukonzekera dothi lokha mbande. Sizovuta monga momwe zikuwonekera. Chachikulu ndikutsatira malamulo oyambira ndi malingaliro a nthaka yabwino.
Zofunikira zofunikira pokonzekera nthaka
Dothi lokonzedwa liyenera kukhala:
- chonde komanso chokwanira;
- opepuka, wokongoletsa, womasuka;
- kuyamwa chinyezi bwino;
- kukhala ndi avareji ya acidity;
- muli ndi microflora.
M'dothi lokonzedwa sayenera:
- dongo;
- maudzu mbewu;
- yogwira zigawo zikuluzikulu;
- tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mphutsi, mphutsi;
- zinthu zapoizoni.
Zamoyo zachilengedwe ndi zosafunikira
Kusintha dothi labwino kwa mbande, zonse zopanda pake ndi zofunikira zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi uti wa omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi omwe sagwire ntchito.
Zosakaniza zachilengedwe
Zinthu zoyenera:
- phulusa lamatabwa;
- mazira (osaphika, osankhidwa);
- mkulu peat;
- kusintha kwa peat;
- moss sphagnum;
- peat kumtunda (pambuyo pa kuzizira, nyengo nyengo);
- sawdust wa mitengo yodziyimira ndi yowola;
- Kutentha ankachitira nyansi.
Zosafunika:
- humus;
- zokutira zabwino zamtundu uliwonse wamatabwa;
- lowland peat popanda chithandizo;
- pepala lapansi;
- nsipu, udzu fumbi;
- turf nthaka yopanda kulima;
- zida zamitundu yonse;
- utuchi wamatabwa wopentedwa.
Zosafunika zadothi
Yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito:
- kuchapa pansi, quartz ndi mchenga wamtsinje (ufa wabwino kwambiri ophika);
- perlite (kumawonjezera kufinya ndi kupuma kwa nthaka);
- hydrogel (amasunga chinyezi);
- vermiculite (ili ndi mphamvu za perlite, imakhala ndi potaziyamu, magnesium, calcium);
- polystyrene pansi;
- pumice
- dongo lakukulitsidwa.
Zosayenera kugwiritsa ntchito:
- osasambitsidwa mchenga;
- mchenga wokhala ndi dongo.
Momwe mungakonzekere nthaka kuti mbande ndi manja anu?
Kukonzekera dothi labwino kwambiri la mbande, nthaka, zopangira ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimakololedwa kuyambira nthawi yophukira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Dothi labwino chonde chamtsogolo mbande zitha kutengedwa patsamba lanu. Sayenera kukhala yowuma komanso yonyowa kwambiri. Mukachotsa masentimita 5, idulani pansi ndi makulidwe a 15 cm ndikuyika mabokosi. Nthaka itachotsa udzu, mphutsi zazikulu ndi mphutsi zimapukutidwa bwino. Malo onse omwe amapezeka ndi "otakataka" m'manja. Kenako dothi lokonzedwayo limayamwa matenda.
Njira zochizira
Pali njira zambiri zodzigwetsera matenda. Onsewa ali ndi zabwino komanso zowawa. Njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri:
- kuzizira;
- chofunda;
- kuwerengera.
Kuwononga namsongole ndi tizirombo tina nthawi imodzi osasandutsa dothi kukhala gawo lopanda moyo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yozizira. Amakhala ndi kusinthana kosalekeza: kuzizira - kusoka. Mabokosi okhala ndi dziko lapansi adagwidwa ozizira, osavunda kumvula. Kwizira bwino, lowani m'chipinda chofunda. Popeza tamwazikana ndi wosanjikiza osapitirira 8 cm, chinyowa ndi madzi. Mabokosi okhala ndi dothi amatha kutentha kwa sabata limodzi, kenako amawatulutsira ku chisanu.
Njira yozizira koopsa imagwiritsa ntchito majeremusi ndikuwongoletsa dothi, koma sichimapha matenda onse (spores of the keel, blight late).
Kuwotcha bwino kumachitika mwezi umodzi kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka ngati mbande. Dothi liyenera kulowa pansi pakusamba kwamadzi ndi chivindikiro chotsekedwa osachepera maola atatu. Njira yowerengera imapezeka mu uvuni wamkati +40 kwa mphindi pafupifupi 30. Chithandizo cha kutentha (kuthamanga ndi kuwerengera) kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso tizilombo tofunikira. Chifukwa chake, musanabzale, zida zofunika pakubwezeretsa kwa microflora zimawonjezeredwa pansi.
Mutha kuthira tizilombo toyambitsa dothi kale ndi njira ya manganese.
Zopangira chithandizo chisanachitike
Pamagawo abwino am'mchenga, mchenga wamtsinje, utuchi wa mitengo yodziyimira ndi yofunika. Sawdust conifers safuna chisanachitike chithandizo. Kokha, simungagwiritse ntchito utuchi womwe wadzadza ndi mafuta a dizili. Mtsukire mchenga wokwanira komanso wopanda miyala.
Kapangidwe ka dothi
Kapangidwe ka dothi la mbande mwachindunji kumatengera chikhalidwe chomwe mukubzala. Mwachitsanzo, tsabola, nkhaka, anyezi, biringanya, mawonekedwe ake ndioyenera: 25% ya dziko lapansi, 30% ya peat, 25% ya mchenga.
Kwa kabichi, kuchuluka kwa mchenga kumakhala kovomerezeka kuti 40%.
Kwa phwetekere, gawo la malo litha kukwezedwa mpaka 70%.
Chinsinsi ndichabwino pafupifupi mbande zilizonse: gawo limodzi la ngalande, mbali ziwiri za organic, 2 mbali za dziko lapansi, mothandizidwa ndi phulusa kapena laimu timatsitsa acidity.
Ngati pakufunika kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa dothi, ufa wa dolomite ungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati deoxidant.
Panthawi yomera, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi feteleza wophatikizidwa. Koma osachulukitsa nthaka ndi mbande nawo. Chilichonse chikuyenera kukhala chopumira.
Gulani kapena konzani dothi lanu la mbande, ndiye kuti mukuganiza. Koma mukasankha dothi lofunikira, simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama nthawi zonse pamagulu opanga sodziwika bwino.
