Okra ndi chomera chamadzi pachaka chochokera kubanja la Malvaceous. Mayina a Okra, Abelmosh edible, Gombo kapena Lady zala zawo zimapezekanso. Kutengera mtunduwu, imatha kutalika mita imodzi (lotalika) mpaka awiri.
Mbewuyo imabala zipatso, pomwe zipatsozo, pomwe zimacha, zimafika 10-25 cm. Kumbutsani nyemba zakunja ndi zakunja kwa mbewu. Maluwa a Okra amatulutsa maluwa akuluakulu achikasu achikasu, omwe amakhala okha.
Mitundu ya Okra ndi mitundu
Nyenyezi ya Okra wa David - mtundu wamtali (liana wamtali pafupifupi awiri), womwe umatchedwa dzina la gawo la mtanda. Chochititsa chidwi china ndi mtundu wofiirira wa masamba.
Okra Alabama Red - mawonekedwe okongoletsa kwambiri, okhala ndi utoto wakuda wa zipatso. Kutalika, chomera chimatha kufika 2 m.
Okra Cow Horn - wokhala ndi mtima wololera, wamtali ndi zipatso zazitali - mpaka 20-25 cm.
Okra Blondie - yogonjetsedwa ndi kutentha kochepa kalasi ndi nyemba zobiriwira zachikasu.
Okra Clemson Popanda - Ndiwotchuka ndi wamaluwa, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa tsitsi pamapoto, ndiwobiriwira wobiriwira.
Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yotchulidwa, palinso mitundu ina yodziwika bwino:
- Okra White Velvet,
- Okra Green Velvet,
- Okra Dwarf amadyera.
Dzinalo "velvet" linapezeka chifukwa chakuti zipatsozo zimaphimbidwa ndi tsitsi laling'ono, lomwe, musanadye, lingathetsedwe ndikupukuta ndi nsalu yolimba.
Kubzala kwa Okra ndi kusamalira poyera
Okra akufuna kuthirira pang'ono komanso kumasula nthaka. Izi ndi zinthu ziwiri zofunika kwambiri, kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa zomwe, mungakhale otsimikiza za kukolola ndi zipatso za nthawi yake.
Kuyanika komanso kuumitsa nthaka sikuyenera kuloledwa, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa kuti chomera chifote. Kudzala kwamadzi sikuyenera kuloledwa, chifukwa nkhungu kapena mizu yake ingaoneke, ndipo thunthu liyamba kuvunda. Chifukwa chake, musaiwale kuthirira nyengo yamvula.
Kuti ikamatera, malo owala bwino amasankhidwa, otetezeka ku mphepo zamphamvu ndi kukonzekera. Nthawi yodzala iyenera kusankhidwa poganizira kuti nthaka iyenera kutenthetsedwa bwino komanso kuti mwayi wobwerera ozizira wayenda kale.
Werengani komanso kulima kwa mavwende panthaka, chomera chokoma kwambiri komanso chopatsa thanzi. Kutengera zofunikira zonse zaulimi, zipatsozo zimakhala zokoma, zokazizira komanso zazikulu. Mutha kupeza malingaliro onse ofunikira kuti mukule ndi kusamalira nkhaniyi.
Feteleza kwa therere
Ngati dothi lodzaliramo linali labwino ndi chonde (chonde), ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa chodyetseranso. Chifukwa chake, kukonzekera malowa kuyenera kufikiridwa ndiudindo wonse.
Kukumba dothi limodzi ndi manyowa owola (5 kg pa lalikulu mita). Feteleza wokhayo ndi nayitrogeni (20 g pa mita imodzi), omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri: woyamba - asanabzike, wachiwiri - asanakhale maluwa.
Kudula matumba a therere kumangolimbikitsidwa ndi mpeni wakuthwa, osakhudza mphukira ndi masamba.
Kulanda Okra
Okra safunika kukonzedwa, koma kutsina ndizothandiza kwambiri. Ziyenera kuchitika pamene chitsamba chikufika kutalika kwa 40-50 cm.
Pambuyo pa njirayi, kulima kosatha kumawonedwa.
Kulima mbewu ya Okra
Okra ndi chomera cha pachaka chomwe chofesedwa ndi mbeu chaka chilichonse. Ndikwabwino kubzala mbande zopangidwa kale. Pakutero, mbewu iyenera kufesedwa mwachindunji m'miphika za peat, chifukwa chomera ichi sichimalola kuti zikokerane.
Chapakatikati, zipatso zobwerera zikadzadutsa ndipo nthaka isakuwuma bwino, mbande zimachotsedwa mosamala ndikunyamula dothi kuchokera mchidebe ndikuyiyika mu bowo lokonzedwa (la kukula koyenera pansi), pamtunda wa 50-70 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake, chinyontho ndi mulch.
Dothi la mbande limawerengeredwa kuchokera: magawo awiri a malo wamba kuchokera pamalowo, magawo awiri a peat ndi gawo la mchenga. Mchenga umayikidwa mu uvuni kuti uchotse tiziromboti. Mbewu za tsiku lililonse zimanyowa m'madzi.
Pambuyo pake, zotengera (makapu) zimadzazidwa ndi gawo lapansi, mbewu imayikidwako (mugalasi limodzi - mbewu imodzi) ndipo kumtunda kumakutidwa ndi dothi lina (1.5-2 cm). Moisten ndi kuphimba ndi zojambulazo.
Mbande ziyenera kusungidwa pa kutentha kwa 18-22 ° C ndikuwonetsetsa momwe madziwo amathilira. Mbewu zimamera mkati mwa masabata awiri. Pambuyo pake, filimuyo imachotsedwa, ndipo magalasi amayikidwa pafupi ndikuwala (mwachitsanzo, pazenera).
Masabata awiri asanabzalidwe panthaka, mbande ziyenera kupitilizidwa. Kuti izi zitheke, zimayenera kupita kumlengalenga, kuyamba ndi mphindi zingapo, kukulira mpaka maola 7 (padzuwa, masiku ofunda), ndipo tsiku litatsala kubzala, therere liyenera kukhala tsiku lonse kunja.
Maluwa amapezeka patatha pafupifupi miyezi iwiri kuchokera pamene mbande idamera, ndipo patatha sabata limodzi, zipatso zikafika pamtunda wa masentimita 5-7, mutha kukolola. Kubala kumapitirira mpaka isanayambike chisanu, masiku 4-5 aliwonse.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera cha therere, payenera kukhala mavuto. Koma malamulo aukadaulo ataphwanyidwa, kapena mtundu wotsatira wa njira zodzitetezera atakwezedwa, ndiye kuti matendawa ndi tizilombo tomwe zilipo. Monga momwe mukudziwira: "ndibwino kupewetsa kuposa kuchiritsa pambuyo pake!".
Zomera zimatha kudwala dzimbiri ndi ufa wowuma. Mwa tizirombo titha kusokoneza chomera:choyera, nsabwe za m'masamba, akangaude, aulesi, scoops ndi zopangira zolembera.
Pankhondo yolimbana ndi majeremusi, simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena aliwonse, chifukwa pamenepa zipatso za therere zimasanduka zachilendo. Chifukwa chake, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi infusions wa adyo kapena matako a phwetekere kudzakuthandizani kuchotsa tizilombo (tsimikizirani tsiku). Sunggi amatengedwa ndi dzanja, ndipo zobisikazo zidzatuluka ndi kugwera mumsampha ngati muyika makapu amowa pansi pa chomera.
Pofuna kupewa matenda oyamba ndi fungal, ndikofunikira kuchita chithandizo chodzitchinjiriza ndi yankho lamphamvu la sopo ndi sopo (pogwiritsa ntchito chinkhupule, pukutani thunthu ndi masamba).
Komanso mawanga akuda amatha kuwoneka pamasamba - izi ndi zowotcha dzuwa, mutha kuzipewa ngati mupopera tchire patsiku lamitambo kapena madzulo.
Okra zothandiza katundu
Okra ali ndi mitundu yambiri yogwiritsira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, zomwe zili ndizofunikira kwambiri pazinthu zofunikira (chitsulo, calcium, ascorbic acid, potaziyamu ndi mavitamini ena ambiri) zimalola kuti chomerachi chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala komanso chogulitsa. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kupezeka kwa zakudya zamafuta ndi mapuloteni. Ndipo chifukwa cha kukongoletsa kwake - imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe.
Ku mulingo wina, therere limatha kuonedwa ngati masamba, chifukwa pophika chakudya chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chipatso chomwe sichinakhalepo nthawi yodziulula, pokonzekera mbale zosiyanasiyana. Mutha kuwawotcha, kuphika sopo, saladi komanso kuwundana ndikuusunga nthawi yachisanu.
Kuphatikiza pa zipatso, masamba ang'ono achomera amagwiritsidwanso ntchito, mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera pa saladi. Ngati mukukonzekera nsomba, nkhuku kapena mwanawankhosa, onjezani pang'ono mafuta, ndiye kuti mbaleyo apezanso kukoma kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, masamba amadziwika kuti ndi otsika-calorie (30 kcal / 100 g), omwe amalola kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi muzakudya zonse (ndibwino kuonana ndi dokotala). Kuphatikiza apo, palibe zotsutsana zomwe zidadziwika.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa, therere lapezeka kuti likuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga ma atherosulinosis, ndipo chifukwa cha zomwe zimapezeka mu folic acid, ndimalo opatsa mavitamini amayi apakati komanso oyamwa.
Kugwiritsira ntchito pafupipafupi mbale zokhala ndi therere kumathandiza kuthetsa poizoni ndi mafuta enaake owopsa m'thupi, komanso kumatha kutsitsimutsa zizindikiro za chimfine, zilonda zapakhosi ndi bronchitis.
Kuphatikiza apo, therere la okra limawonjezeredwa pakuphatikizidwa kwa mafuta ena a nkhope omwe amathandizanso kuchepetsa kapena kupewa mawonekedwe a ziphuphu, ndipo zopangidwa ndi tsitsi, kutengera izi, zimakhudza kapangidwe ka tsitsi.
