Njira yolima yolima malalanje mchipinda ndi yovuta. Muyenera kuyamba ndi ndimu, kukula komanso kusamalira pakhomo ndikosavuta kuposa izi. Mutha kugula chitsamba chaching'ono, kapena mutha kuchikulitsa, kuyambira kufesa mbewu kapena kuzula phesi. Pazotheka zonse, mbewu ikhoza kupezeka kuchokera pachomera kuchokera ku fupa zaka 20, pamtengo kuchokera pa 7-8. Koma ndimu yochokera ku mwala kunyumba izikhala yoyenera, yathanzi, yokongola ndi masamba ake amdima. Mutha kudzala kuthawa mu ndimu ya zipatso, yomwe imathandizira maluwa. Kusankha kuli kwa amateur.
Kodi ndimu yamkati imafunikira kunyumba
Ndimu ndi mtengo; mkati mopezekamo, imafunanso kuti ikule. Pali mitundu ingapo yomwe obereketsa azolowera kukonza m'nyumba. Koma adzapanduka ngati chisamaliro sichili bwino. Musanabzale mbewu, muyenera kudziwa kuti mitundu yamkati yokha yomwe ingagawane ndi nyumba ndi munthu. Izi zikuphatikiza:
- Pavlovsky;
- Chiwonetsero;
- Meya.
Mitundu iyi imadziwika ndi kulowa mwachangu mu zipatso ndi zokolola zambiri posamalira mandimu kunyumba. Mukamagula mbewu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, maluwa ayenera kuyembekezera zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu.
Ndimu yachipinda chokhala ndi chisamaliro chabwino chimakhala ndi zaka 30. Pambuyo pakumanga, ndimuyo imathiridwa kwa miyezi 9, koma ngakhale ikapitilirabe kukula, koma imakhala yosakhala yolakwika komanso yolimba.
Ndikofunika kupewa kufooka kwa duwa ndikusankha masamba mpaka masamba 20 atule. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti chipatso chilichonse chimadyetsedwa masamba 9 mpaka 10 achikulire. Kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa masamba, muyenera kusiya zokolola. Pa chifukwa chomwechi, muyenera kuteteza masamba kuti asakhetse, chomwe chomera chimawatsutsa chikakhala chovuta. Nthawi yomweyo, kudula nsonga za nthambi ndizofunikira kuti mupange mphukira zatsopano, zomwe zikutanthauza kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa masamba. Chifukwa chake, chisamaliro chomera chimachitika pang'onopang'ono chidziwitso ndi malingaliro.
Mulingo woyenera wosamalira mandimu
Pokhapokha ngati muli ndi malo ambiri, owala bwino omwe mungadalire kuti mupange munda wa zipatso. Ngakhale kukhala pamalo okhazikika, mtengo sufuna kusunthidwa. Ndipo pakupanga yunifolomu, imasunthidwa madigiri angapo masiku 10, kotero kuti kutembenuka kwathunthu kumapezeka mchaka:
- Kuchokera pachimake mpaka padenga ayenera kukhala osachepera mita awiri.
- Ndimu simalola kuti ome. Optumum 70% chinyezi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kubisa mbewu kutali ndi batri yotentha, kukhala ndi chinyontho kapena chinyezi, kukonzekeretsa chinyezi ndi njira iliyonse yomwe ikupezeka, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumwaza masamba ndi kutsitsi labwino.
- M'chilimwe, ndizothandiza kuti mandimu azikhala maola awiri padzuwa, koma osakhalitsa. Chifukwa chake, dzuwa lam'mawa pazenera lakumawa ndilabwino kwa iye. M'nyengo yozizira, akamakula ndimu ndikuchoka kunyumba, kuwunikira kwa maola 5-6 kuyenera kukonzedwa.
- Kutentha kwa zomwe zili mandimu kuyenera kukhala kuchokera madigiri 14 mpaka 27. Nthawi yamaluwa, ndimu imafunika kuzizira.
- Ndondomeko yotsirira ya chirimwe ndiyotanganidwa kwambiri. Mphika umathiriridwa kawiri patsiku, m'mawa ndi madzulo, ndikuwotchera dothi lathunthu. Chifukwa cha kutaya kwabwino, madzi osayenda samachitika. Poto wokutira uyenera kuyikidwa pansipa. Madzi othirira ofewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira.
Kutentha sikuyenera kusintha kwambiri. Ngati mbewuyo itulutsidwa kuchokera pachiwopsezo chofunda chipinda chofunda, chimaponya masamba. Dziko lapansi mu mbiya kuzizira, ndipo masamba amatentha! M'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kupeza mandimu ngodya yozizira kwambiri m'nyumba. Popanda kutalika kokwanira, maluwa amatuluka ochepa.
Chofunika kwambiri posamalira ndimu ndimapangidwe ake, kusungidwa kwake ndi kudulira mwadongosolo komanso kutsina kwa chitsulo chobiriwira. Kudulira kozama kumachitika mchaka. Masamba amoyo 5-6 amasiyidwa panthambi, ena onse amachotsedwa, ndipo zofunikira pofalitsa ndimu ndikudula zimapezeka kwa iwo.
Matenda a Ndimu ndi Tizilombo
Mukamasamalira mandimu kunyumba, ndikukula, muyenera kudziwa zizindikiro za matenda kuti muchepetse zolakwitsa mwachangu. Nthawi zambiri chomera chimafunikira hydrate, yomwe ingadziwike:
- dziko lapansi lakumtunda ndi laimvi, manja atumphuka;
- mphika umalira kwambiri ukamayala;
- Masamba anapindika ndipo nsonga zimakutidwa.
Zotsatira zake, pakapita kanthawi, kugwa kwa masamba, maluwa ndi mazira kumayambira.
Ngati chomera sichilandira kuvala pamwamba, masamba amakhala opepuka, maluwa amayima, thumba losunga mazira limayamba kugwa. Koma zizindikiro zomwezo komanso feteleza kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo ndi malangizo a momwe mungasamalire ndimu kunyumba
Ngati chomera sichinagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo dziko silinasinthidwe, kuthirira feteleza sangapulumutsidwe. Dziko lapansi lachepa, kuthilira madzi kwayenda ndikusunthika ndikusakanirana popanda kunyowetsa voliyumuyo.
Chifukwa cha zolakwa posamalira, tizirombo touluka timakhala chofowoka kapena matenda a fungal ndi bactericidal.
Matenda osiyanasiyana a malalanje, amatchedwa:
- xylopsorosis ndi tristera - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- gummosis - yotupa pamene thunthu la mtengo lakhudzidwa;
- malseko - opatsirana, amayamba ndikusintha masamba, mtengo umafa;
- muzu wowola ndi matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi, umafunika kuchotsa ziwalo zowonongeka ndikuziika m'nthaka yatsopano.
Choyambitsa matenda aliwonse ndicho kusamalira bwino chomera. Ndipo ngakhale mtengowo osabala chipatso, matenda ake ndi omwewo.
Momwe mungakulire ndimu kunyumba
Chofunika kwambiri ndikusankha chidebe chomera ndi gawo lapansi. Tanki iyenera kukhala ndi mabowo abwino okumbira. Mizu ya mandimu ndi yaying'ono, chomera chaching'ono chimagwira bwino ntchito ndikunyamula pachaka, motero kupanga acidization ya dothi mumphika waukulu sikuyenera. Kwa mbewu zakale, nthaka sinasinthidwe pafupipafupi, koma kumtunda kwachonde kumakhala kosinthidwa chaka chilichonse.
Kapangidwe Kake:
- masamba a humus - magawo awiri;
- humus kuchokera ku ng'ombe - 1 gawo;
- mchenga wosambitsidwa - gawo limodzi;
- phulusa la nkhuni - 0,25 mbali.
Pansipa, ikani zigawo za makala osakanizika ndi dongo zokulitsidwa, onjezani vermiculite pamtunda wocheperako. Zomera zina ziyenera kuchitika pambuyo poti mizu ya mandimu yoluka padziko lonse lapansi, kudzera munjira yodutsa.
Mukadulira mtengo wa mandimu, zinthu zambiri zobzala, masamba adatsala. Mukadula masamba angapo kuchokera pansi ndikuyika masamba obiriwira m'madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, phesi limazika gawo lapansi pang'ono. Kodi kusamalira ndimu kuchotsedwa kudula? Tsamba litapereka mphukira masamba, limaphatikizidwa ngati chomera chachikulire. Kutalika kwa masentimita 25, kutsina pamwamba pamtengowo, ndikuchepetsa kukula. The mphukira wapakati komanso wotsatira mu kuchuluka kwa zidutswa 4 zatsalira, zina zonse zimadulidwa kumphete.
Mphukira zotsogola zimakula ndi 25 cm ndikutsina kachiwiri, kubwereza opaleshoni, ngati nthawi yoyamba. Chitsamba chimapangidwanso kawiri, monga chotulukapo, pamtengo wozungulira, masamba okwanira amapezeka, ndipo maluwa amawayika nthambi. Ndimu yakonzeka kuphukira, yapeza mphamvu zokwanira kudyetsa zipatsozo.
Kufalikira kwa njere ndi njira yayitali. Omera mmera ayenera kutemera katemera kuti apange zipatso. Masewerawa amakula kwa nthawi yayitali, pachimake pang'ono ndipo mtundu wa ndimu yomwe ikubwera udzakhala wosauka. Chifukwa chake, mbewu yobzala imayenera kumanikizidwa ndi budding kapena mgawo kuti mtengo upangidwe.
Mmera wopanda inoculation udzakhala mtengo wabwino kwambiri wokongoletsa wopanda matenda. Ndikofunikira kupanga korona kuti chitsamba chiwoneke bwino ndipo satambasulira nthambi, ndikukhala malo akulu.
