Zomera zapoizoni potizungulira

Mwa mitundu masauzande a zomera zomwe zimadziwika Padziko lapansi, mitundu pafupifupi 10,000 imawoneka kuti ndi poizoni kwa anthu. Ngakhale m'malo azolowera kwambiri, mutha kupeza mbewu zomwe zimakhala zowopsa. Inde, simuyenera kuwopa iwo, koma muyenera kumudziwa ndi kumulemekeza. Munthu aliyense azitha kusiyanitsa zomera zapoizoni wamba ndi zina wamba kuti udzu wosadziwika kapena zipatso zowala zisabweretse tsoka losasinthika.

Zomera zapoizoni Amatchedwa mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zitha kuwononga thupi la munthu komanso ziweto.

Kufufuza za zomera zapoizoni ndikofunikira osati kungochokera pongofuna kupewetsa kapena kupewetsa poyizoni m'thupi la munthu, komanso kumvetsetsa chisinthiko cha nyama zamtchire ndikuzindikiritsa kuthekera kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwachipatala pazinthu zothandizira kupanga zinthu zachilengedwe zotere.

Spotted hemlock (Conium maculatum). © Zojambula za Hornbeam

Zomera za poizoni zimakumana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana kwa anthu. Izi zitha kukhala poizoni pakumeza kapena kuwotcha khungu pakukhudzana ndi masamba. Kupha poizoni kumatha kuyambitsa kufooka, chizungulire, kupweteka m'malo osiyanasiyana a thupi, kuwonongeka ndikuwona, komanso makamaka muzovuta kwambiri - ziwalo komanso ngakhale kufa. Palinso kusiyana mu nthawi yomwe zizindikiro za poyizoni zimawonekera - nthawi zina zimakhala mphindi, mwa ena zotsatira za mbewu zapoizoni m'thupi zimayamba kuonekera patangotha masiku ochepa.

Zomera zapoizoni:

Zomera za poizoni sindiwo alendo ochokera kumayiko akunja, ambiri a iwo amakula pakati pa Russia, ndiopatsa chidwi ndipo samawaganizira kwenikweni. Masamba hemlock owona (Conium maculatum) ofanana kwambiri ndi parsley, ali ndi mawanga ofiira pa tsinde, imamera m'malo opanda kanthu ndipo imawerengedwa kuti ndiwo udzu. Ndipo apa cicuta (mwala wakupha) amakhala m'malo onyowa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mitsinje, nthawi zambiri m'madzi. Ma cycuts afalitsa masamba okhala ndi masamba owonda a lanceolate ndi maambulera a maluwa oyera.

Ma sumu anayi (Cicuta virosa). © Andrea Moro

Zoyipa (Cicuta virosa) kapena cicuta - chimodzi mwazomera zowopsa, mbali zake zonse, makamaka nthangala, zimakhala ndi cycutotoxin ndi zina zamchere zamphamvu kwambiri. Ma alkaloid poyizoni omwe ali mu hemlock ndi nyama ya akavalo, yomwe imatulutsa zofanana ndi poizoni wapoizoni. Zizindikiro za poyizoni wa mbewu izi ndi kupsinjika, mkhalidwe wosazindikira, ziwalo zomwe zimatha ndikumangidwa.

Tsoka limatha ndikugwiritsa ntchito kunyumba yew mabulosi (Taxus baccata) monga chomera chamankhwala. Ngakhale nyama za paini zimatha kupha singano zazing'ono za yew zomwe zimakhala ndi ma alkaloid a taxanes. Alkaloid imeneyi imakhudza dongosolo lamkati lamanjenje.

Kuyambira 1990s, ma alkaloids a mitengo akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga antitumor othandizira ngati mankhwala.

Singano za yew mabulosi (Taxus baccata). © naturgucker

Chomera chamafuta (Ricinus) nthawi zambiri amakula ngati zokongoletsera pachaka. Mbeu zake zazikulu zimafanana ndi nkhuni. Sangokhala gwero la mafuta a castor, komanso ali ndi puloteni wa poizoni - ricin, yomwe imayambitsa ziwengo zamanjenje.

Chomera chamafuta a Castor (Ricinus communis). © F. D. Richards

Kununkhira komanso mawonekedwe a mbewu zapoizoni nthawi zina zimafotokozera, ndipo nthawi zina kubisala, ngozi yomwe imatiwopseza kuti tikumana nayo. Colchicum yapinki ndi utoto wofiirira zimatha kupha munthu. M'malo Colchicum autumnum (Colchicum autumnale) colchicine imadziunjikira, yomwe imakhala ndi zotsatira zofanana ndi arsenic. Periwinkle ndi pinki, kapenaCatharanthus pinki (Catharanthus roseus), kapena Pinki periwinkle imakhalanso poyizoni, koma ma alkaloid ake amphamvu amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala amakono ngati antitumor.

Catharanthus pinki, kapena Pink Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus). © Carl Lewis

Mu nkhandwe (Daphne mezereum), yomwe ikufuna kusintha pa tsinde la chomera, muli daphnin glycoside ndi ma resin meserine, omwe poyambira amayambitsa kutentha kwakum'mero, kuwawa kwambiri mkamwa, chizungulire komanso kutupa kwa lilime. Mukasilira maluwa a lilac a daphne, musataye kapena kudulira mano anu, izi ndi zowopsa.

Daphne wamba (Daphne mezereum). © kras3

Zipatso za lalanje zowala kakombo wa kuchigwa (Convallaria) ndiwowopsa. Glycosides kakombo wa kuchigwa, digito, anagula zimasokoneza phokoso la kugunda kwa mtima, mantha am'mimba ndi m'mimba. Ngakhale madzi omwe ali mumtsuko momwe maluwa amayimira ndi ngozi.

Kakombo wa chigwa (Convallaria). © Irina Durnova

Kumapeto kwa chilimwe m'nkhalango ya coniferous mutha kukumana diso lakuda (Paris) - mabulosi akuda ndi amtambo pakati pa masamba akulu. Onetsetsani kuti mukuyenda m'nkhalangomo, ana anu samatenga khwangwala kukhala waubweya wambiri kapena wobiriwira.

Samalani ndi mbewu zomwe zili ndi zipatso zowala komanso zowutsa mudyo, pokhapokha mutadziwa bwino lomwe!

Diso la khwangwala limakhala ndi masamba anayi, kapena lingaliro la khwangwala limakhala wamba (Paris quadrifolia). © Ruud de Chitetezo

Muli alkaloids hyoscyamine, scopolamine ndi atropine bleached madzi, omwe amayambitsa kuyerekezera zinthu m'magazi, delirium, palpitations ndi chizungulire. Zinthu zochepa pazochitika zakale zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira ululu pakuchita opareshoni.

Blena wakuda (Hyoscyamus niger), monga mbatata, ndi wa banja la nightshade. Imakula m'mphepete mwa minda ndi nthaka yopanda kanthu. Kutalika kwa chomera chakupha ichi ndi pafupifupi mita imodzi, kupezeka kwa burgundy kumawonekera pamaluwa achikasu. Pambuyo pa maluwa, makapisozi oyera okhala ngati mbowamo okhala ndi njere zowongoka amawonekera pamtunda. Anthu omwe amatafuna nthangalazi kuti atonthoze dzino, kumva kuwuma pakamwa pawo, amakhala ndi vuto la kulankhula komanso amachepetsa ana, kumadzuka m'maganizo kumatha kukhala misala. Zizindikiro zomwezo zimawoneka kuchokera ku zipatso zofiira. nightshade wakuda ndi bittersweet nightshade.

Black Belena (Hyoscyamus niger). © Rolf Muller

M'malo otsetsereka komanso nthaka yopanda tanthauzo kununkha, ndibwino kusanunkhiza, ndipo ndizowopsa kukhudza maluwa ake. Zipatso "zotumphukira - zitsamba" zimakhala ndi alkaloid daturine, yomwe imaphatikizanso.

Zomera zina kuchokera ku banja la nightshade ndizowopsa: belladonna, mandrake amatsenga, fodya wochokera ku South America ndi coca coca.

Zowopsa kwa anthu ndipo hogweed, kuchokera ku mapulani ake a poizoni simungapange zitoliro kapena splatter. Hogweed amasiya mafuta ofunikira oyaka padzuwa. Amachitanso kanthu pakhungu la munthu komanso Mtengo wa phulusa wa Caucasus ndi mtengo wopendekera-wopendekera.

Ma poizoni ndi ma buttercups ambiri, amapanga glycosides owopsa ndi mafuta ofunikira omwe amakhumudwitsa mphuno, larynx ndi maso. Ndipo msuzi wa buttercup umabweretsa zowawa m'mimba. Pakati pa ma buttercups pali zitsamba zambiri zapoizoni: adonis, hellebore, kugwirako, lumbago, Voronets spiky ndi mbewu zina.

Koma mbewu zapoizoni sizingangobweretsa zowonongeka, zambiri ndizothandiza. Mankhwala achikhalidwe ku Russia, pafupifupi mitundu 160 yazomera zapoizoni idagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ndizovuta kulingalira kuti Mmwenye wokoma mtedza peel imakhala ndi kakhadi poyipa, komwe ma abscesses amatha kupezeka pakhungu la munthu. Ku India, chinthuchi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza zinthu zomanga kuchokera ku nyerere.

Chipatso chotentha mango zothandiza komanso zosangalatsa kulawa, koma kununkhira kwa maluwa ake kumatha kuyambitsa matupi mwa munthu. Peel yosakhwima, nthambi ndi thunthu la mtengo wa mango muli poizoni, womwe umasiya matuza ndipo amatupa pakhungu.

Mutha kudzipha nokha komanso ogona papaver. Mabokosi osapsa ndi poppy ovary amathandizidwa ndi madzi owopsa a mkaka.

Celandine ilinso ndi madzi amkaka, omwe amatha kuyambitsa pakhungu. Vuto lalikulu limabweretsa madzi a celandine akamalowa m'mimba. Celandine alkaloids pano akuphunziridwa kuti agwiritse ntchito ngati mankhwala poletsa kukula kwa zotupa zoyipa.

Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti mbewu zambiri zakupha sizikhala ndi vuto lalikulu ngati zingakumane nawo mwangozi. Zambiri zimatengera kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo. Monga lamulo, zomera zapoizoni zitha kupezeka poizoni ngati mungazigwiritse ntchito podzipangira nokha, popanda kufunsa dokotala, potengera uphungu wa "anthu odziwa."

Mphamvu zodabwitsa bwanji
Dziko lapansi lazika miyala ndi maluwa!
Palibe zoterezi padziko lapansi
Zomwe iye sanganyadire
Simukupeza maziko otere,
Pomwe sipakanakhala vuto.
Zonse ndizothandiza, panjira, osati panthawi -
Ubwino wonse umasandulika zoipa.
Mwachitsanzo, maluwa awa:
Wina ndi wabwino mwa iwo, winawo ndi woipa.
Mitundu yake imakhala ndi fungo labwino.
Ndipo masamba ndi mizu - poyizoni wamphamvu kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake gawanani moyo wathu pawiri
Mzimu wokoma mtima komanso wofuna kuchita zoipa.
Komabe, mwa omwe zoipa zimapambana,
Chakuda chopanda polekera imfa

"Romeo ndi Juliet," a William Shakespeare.
Kutanthauziridwa ndi Boris Pasternak.