Artichoke ndi mbewu yachilendo yopezeka ndi dzina losadziwika komanso mitundu yachilendo. Aliyense ankamva za iye, koma owerengeka anali ndi mwayi wopeza iye payekha, komanso, anapezekapo. Ndipo kukula ... Njirayi imawonedwa ngati yosatheka komanso yovuta konse. M'malo mwake, palibe zovuta ndi kukula kwa artichoke.
Chipatso, masamba, haibridi?
The artichoke ndi herbaceous chomera ndipo ndi a banja la a Astrov. Kumene kunabadwira chozizwitsa ichi ndi Zilumba za Canary komanso gombe la Mediterranean. Itha kupezekanso ku America, komwe kwa nthawi yayitali imakhala ngati udzu. Kwa zaka zambiri, mtengowu udagonjetsa North Africa, Europe, South America ndi California ndipo sikuti udangobadwa zokha, komanso kudya.
Ndipo komabe, kodi artichoke amawoneka bwanji? Kodi waona nthula? Pano pali chinthu chofanana ndi iye. Ichi ndichinthu china monga maluwa osasweka a maluwa, omwe amakhala ndi timiyala tambiri, timene timalowa chakudya.
Zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi zomwe zimakhala ndi izi: muzu wa tsinde womwe umalolera bwino nyengo yachisanu, masamba akuluakulu opindika, chitsinde chowongoka, chomwe chingafike kupitirira 1.5m inflorescence, mpaka masentimita 10-12, monga mabasiketi ophimbidwa, amawonekeranso chidwi. miyeso yambiri. Ngati timalola maluwa kuthengo, ndiye kuti masamba amatseguka ndikuwonekera kwamaluwa amtundu wa buluu.
Zodabwitsa za kuswana
Artichoke amafalitsa m'njira ziwiri: kuchokera ku njere ndi mizu. Kulima kwa artichoke m'matawuni ndi madera apakati Russia ndi bwino kuchitidwa ndi mbande. Ndipo madera akumwera, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yodzala mbewu.
Kuyika kwamizu
Ngati artichoke ndi wamkulu, ndiye mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo, amatha kupanga mizu. Ngati mungawasiyanitse, ndi kuwabzala moyenera ndikukulitsa iwo, adzakulitsa msipu wokwanira zonse. Kubzala, sankhani achinyamata kukula, omwe apeza masamba atatu olimba, ndikulekanitsa mosamalitsa njere ija. Kenako, njirazo zimabzalidwa pansi monga tafotokozera pamwambapa ndikuwasamalira.
Kukula kwa artichoke kuchokera ku mbewu
Tili ndi chomera chosowa, choncho mbewu zosavuta kupeza zimapezekanso kuposa ma tchire akuluakulu.
Monga lamulo, iwo amagulitsa mbewu za artichoke kwa ma PC 15. mu phukusi limodzi. Kufesa kumayamba sabata yoyamba ya Marichi, osayiwala kukonzekera mu February. Kuti muchite izi, ikani njere mumtsuko, dzazani ndi madzi ndikusiyira kwa maola 10-12 mpaka atatupa.
Tengani madzi pamalo oyimitsa kapena otenthetsera.
Kenako, mbewu zimayikidwa pa nsaluyo, ndikukulungidwa, filimu imavulazidwa pamwamba ndikutumizidwa kwa masiku 5 kumalo otentha. Mbewu zikafika, matumba a mbewu amatumizidwa kwa milungu iwiri mufiriji, yomwe ili pansi.
Ntchito yokonzekera iyi imatchedwa stratification ndipo imatha kuwonjezera mwayi wamaluwa ndi kapangidwe kazipatso m'chaka chodzala.
Kukonzekera kwa gawo lapansi ndi Kufesa
Gawo lotsatira la artichoke likukonzekera chidebe chomwe mbande zimadzalidwa. Zikhale ndi mabokosi a kukula kwake. Choyamba, ngalande zimathiridwa pansi, ndipo pamwamba pake pamakhala mchenga wotsekedwa, malo a sod ndi humus, wotengedwa chimodzimodzi. Zosakaniza zofunikira bwino ziyenera kupukutidwa.
Mphete zimapangidwa panthaka ndikuzama masentimita 1-1,5, pomwe njere zimayikidwa, ndikuziyika motalikirana ndi 3-4 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake. Kuyambira pamwambapa, njere zimakutidwa ndi nthaka yosaposa 1 cm.Siyenera kupanga wowonjezera kutentha kapena kumuphimba ndi galasi ndi filimu. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chikuyenera kuwongoleredwa - chinyezi cha dothi - sichiyenera kupukuta.
Mphukira ziwoneka m'masiku ochepa. Pamene tsamba loyamba limapangidwa, ndikofunikira kuti kuwonjezera kuwonjezera kumbuyo ndikuchepetsa kutentha mpaka madigiri 15. Kupanda kutero, zimayambira za mbewuzo zimatambasuka. Kutsirira kuyenera kukhala koyenera, chifukwa artichoke sakonda mapazi onyowa.
Kuyang'anira ndi kusamalira
Ngati njere zidabzalidwa zingapo mumchombo chimodzi, ziyenera kukhazikika, makamaka m'miphika za 0.5 l, zodzazidwa ndi chisakanizo cha humus, lapansi ndi mchenga.
Popewa kuvulaza mbewu, ndikofunikira kuthirira chidebe chachikulu ndikumatha ndikukula achinyamata.
Bowo laling'ono limapangidwa m'nthaka, ndipo chitsa choyamba chimachotsedwa, ndipo muzu wapakati umabowoleredwa ndikuwokedwa mumphika. Mbande zamadzi zimatumizidwa kumalo owala ndi otentha.
Pakatha milungu iwiri mutabzala, mbewuzo zimaphatikizidwa ndi mullein wothira madzi muyezo wa 1: 10, ndipo patatha milungu iwiri ndi feteleza wa mchere. Kuyambira pamenepo, ndizotheka kuumitsa achichepere, kuwatulutsa kumapita mphindi zingapo ndikuwonjezera nthawi imeneyi mpaka maola 10, osayiwala pogona dzuwa ndi mvula.
Kunja kwakunja
Tsopano lingalirani za momwe mungakulitsire artichoke poyera. Wobzala pakati pa Meyi kumapiri otsetsereka, komwe kuli dothi labwino komanso lopanda mpweya.
Ngati mbewuyo ikadyetsa nyama, imabzalidwa m'mundamo, mutakumba pansi ndikuwonjezera superphosphate, humus ndi potaziyamu sodium mu 0,2 kg, 10 kg ndi 40 g, motero, pa 1 mita2. Poterepa, ndikofunikira kupanga mabedi 20cm kutalika kwa mtunda kuchokera mita. Zomera zimabzalidwa kuti pakhale pakati pawo masentimita 80. Zinyama zobzalidwa zazing'ono zimathiridwa ndikuwazika ndi udzu kapena udzu wouma.
Ngati atitchoku adakula kuti azikongoletsa, amabzalidwa pomwe angasamalidwe koyenera, mwachitsanzo, m'mundamo kapena paudzu wakutsogolo. Nthawi yomweyo, dzenje limakonzedwa mozama masentimita 50 ndi 70, kusakanikirana kwa kompositi ndi dothi lamtambo kumayambitsidwa, ndipo mbande zimabzalidwa motalikirana ndi 1.5 mita pakati pa toyesa. Pamwamba pezani mulching ndi udzu.
Kututa ndi kusunga kwake
Kwenikweni, zipatso za mbewu zimatha kukolola mchaka chachiwiri. Kubala chaka choyamba ndikosowa kwambiri. Pakutha kwa chilimwe, mbewuyo imatulutsa ma peduncle, omwe mu masabata awiri ali okonzeka kudula.
Mabati amapsa mosiyanasiyana, motero aliyense amafunikira njira ina.
Dziwani ngati mungadule maluwa kapena ayi ndikotheka pamiyeso yapamwamba. Pamene ayamba kuwonekera ndikugwada - nthawi yafika. Ngati pamwamba pa duwa panali korona wabuluu - mwaphonya nthawiyo, tumphuka wapsa ndipo simungathe kuudya.
Muyenera kudula artichoke ndi tsinde, ndikusiya "mchira" wa 4-5 masentimita. Ponena za moyo wa alumali, umasiyana milungu iwiri mpaka 12 kutengera malo osungira.
Ngakhale idachokera ku bizinesi yakale, artichoke siivuta konse kulima minda yathu. Tsopano mukudziwa komwe artichoke imakula, momwe mungakulire bwino ndipo ngati mungasankhe kubzala mbewuyi m'nyumba mwanu, tebulo lanu lidzadzalanso ndi mbale zingapo kuchokera ku chinthu chokoma komanso chopatsa thanzi.
