Dipatimenti: angiosperms (Magnoliophyta).
Giredi: monocotyledonous (Monocotyledones).
Dongosolo: katsitsumzukwa (Asparagales).
Banja: iris (Iridaceae).
Jenda: khwangwala (Crocus).
Onani: Etruscan crocus (C. etruscus).
Etruscan crocus ndi yobala yosatha kufikira 10cm. Malinga ndi malongosoledwe ake, crocus ndi yofanana ndi mbewu zonse za herbaceous za banja la Iris. Munkhaniyi, tikufotokozerani zachilengedwe za kakulidwe, kagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi kufunikira kwa koloka, ndikuuzeni kuchuluka kwa maluwa amphongo, komanso mwayi wakuwona zithunzi za maluwa a crocus.
Masamba ndi owonda, amalire, mpaka 0.8 cm mulitali mpaka 10 cm. Pakhoza kukhala atatu kapena anayi a iwo pachomera chimodzi.
Tchera khutu ku chithunzi cha maluwa a crocus - onse ndi osakhala amodzi, owoneka bwino, okhazikika, ooneka ngati belu, mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 8. Masapota ake ndi lilac, mkati mwake ali ndi mitsempha yofiirira, pansi pomwe amaikidwa pang'onopang'ono. Stamens ndi pestle ndizitali, zowonda, lalanje. Chipatsochi ndi kapu kokulirapo mpaka 2,5 cm kutalika ndi mbewu zazing'ono zozungulira.
Etruscan crocus imapezeka ku Italy kokha: pakati komanso kumwera kwa Tuscany, m'chigawo cha Grosseto, Livorno, Pisa ndi Siena. Dera lokhala ndi zachilengedwe pafupifupi 120 km2, anthuwa ndi ochepa komanso ogawika. Zambiri zomwe zapezeka zidapangidwa m'mapiri a Monte Calvi, Monte Leoni, Monte Amyata ndi Massa Marittima. Mtunduwu umakhala makamaka m'nkhalango zowuma zokhala ndi mitengo yambiri ya oak ndi machesa pamalo okwera mpaka mamitala 600 pamwamba pa nyanja.
Ndi zingati zingati zimamasuka
Etruscan crocus imafalikira ndi mbewu komanso mozizwitsa mwa ana akazi. Matendawa amatulutsa maluwa kuyambira mwezi wa February mpaka Epulo, ndipo mungu wochokera ndi tizilombo. Thumba losunga mazira ndi mobisa. M'mwezi wa Meyi - Juni, zipatso zikacha, tsinde limayamba kutambasula ndikuikankhira pansi. Bokosilo limasweka, njere zimamera pansi ndikumera pafupi ndi chomera.
Crocus safironi
Safiyoni ya ku Crocus ndi imodzi mwaziphuphu wakale kwambiri komanso zotsika mtengo kwambiri, zomwe zimayimira ziphuphu zouma za pistils za wobzala crocus (C. sativus). Ndizotchuka padziko lonse lapansi, koma makamaka ku Mediterranean, Middle East ndi Central Asia. Ambiri mwa minda yomwe ilimidwe ku Iran, Spain, Turkey ndi Greece. Monga lamulo, safironi ya crocus imawonjezeredwa ndi mpunga, zinthu za mtanda, msuzi ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa. Kuphatikiza pa kununkhira, imapatsa mbale mtundu wachikaso wosangalatsa, womwe umapezeka chifukwa cha zinthu zambiri za crocetin - pigment kuchokera ku gulu la carotenoid.
Tanthauzo ndi ntchito ya crocus
Crocus imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakupanga mawonekedwe. Zomera izi zimakongoletsa mabedi amaluwa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, pomwe mbewu zina zambiri sizinafike patali, kapena kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, pomwe ambiri adayamba kale maluwa.
Ponseponse pali mitundu yopitilira 300, yambiri imakhazikitsidwa ndi ng'ona zam'madzi (C. Etruscan crocus amamva bwino mu chikhalidwe. Chifukwa cha kukongola komanso kusalemekeza, adalandira mphotho ya Garden Merit Award kuchokera ku Royal Society of Gardeners of Great Britain.
Dzinalo la genus Crocus m'Chigiriki limatanthawuza "ulusi", ndipo liwu "safroni" potanthauzira moyenera kuchokera ku Chiarabu - "chikasu". M'masiku akale, safironi anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukhola nsalu ndi nsapato zodula. Anaperekedwa kwa mafumu ndi anthu olemekezeka monga chizindikiro cha mphamvu ndi chuma.
M'masiku akale, safironi idawonedwa ngati aphrodisiac; khola lidalinso lofunikira kwambiri pochiza matenda opuma, matenda am'mimba komanso matenda akuda.
Amadyedwa mkati ndikuwonjezeredwa ndi madzi osamba.
Mabulutsi a ng'ona amadya nkhumba zamtchire mwakufuna kwawo. Vuto lina lomwe lingawononge mbewuyi ndi kuphwanya malo okhala anthu. Masiku ano, anthu ambiri ndi okhazikika, koma akhoza kuwonongeka posachedwa.
Chinsinsi cha duwa la crocus
Ngati mukukhulupirira nthano yakale ya duwa lakale, ndilo dzina la mnyamatayo yemwe adakonda ndi nymph Smilaks ndikuyamba kumutsatira zidendene, kuyimba nyimbo zachisoni. Posakhalitsa mtsikanayo adatopa, ndipo adapempha milungu kuti ichotse mwamunayo wokakamira. Crocus idasandulika kukhala duwa, pakati pomwe lilime lamalawi lidabisalira.
