Ma Blueberries ndi mtundu wokulirapo, kuphatikiza onse wamtali (pansi pa 2 mita) ndi mawonekedwe amtali. M'madera omwe mulibe kutentha nthawi yachilimwe komanso nyengo yozizira kwambiri, nthawi zambiri mtundu wobiriwira, womwe umasinthasintha nyengo, umadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wachikhalidwe chodalirika kwambiri.
Simalimbana ndi kuzizira komanso zotsatira za bowa, koma ilinso ndi zovuta zake, zomwe zimawonetsedwa ndikukula kochepa (mpaka mita 1) ndi zokolola zochepa (mpaka 1 makilogalamu kuchokera kuthengo). Masiku ano, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabulosi amtunduwu imaphunziridwa mwachangu ndi cholinga chowasinthira madera osiyanasiyana a Russian Federation.
Zosiyanasiyana zamagulu
Blueberries amakula mozungulira pafupifupi gawo lonse la Russian Federation. Imakonda malo opepuka ndipo imatha kumera onse m'malo onyowa komanso panthaka youma yamapiri (ngakhale dothi losauka kwambiri komanso acidic ndiloyenera), kuwonetsa kukaniza kuzizira kwambiri poyerekeza, mwachitsanzo, mabuluni.
Nthambi za shrub kwambiri, zimakhala ndi nthambi zofiirira kapena zakuda. Maluwa ake amakhala ngati mabelu mpaka 6cm kutalika kutalika kwa nthambi za chaka chatha. Zipatso za buluu zimawonekera chaka chilichonse, zosiyanasiyana mawonekedwe, nthawi zambiri, mwezi umodzi ndi theka maluwa atamasulidwa.
Ziphuphu wamba zimadziwika ndi moyo wamtchire wautali - pafupifupi zaka zana. Amayamba kubala zipatso, kufikira zaka 11-18, 200 g pachitsamba chilichonse.
Kutalika kwakukulu - "mlongo" wa mabulosi wamba, omwe amakhala kumpoto kwa America mu madambo komanso madambo. Mtunduwu umadziwika ndi kukula kwambiri (mpaka 2 metres) ndi kutulutsa zipatso (10 kg pa chitsamba chilichonse ku USA, 0,5-7 kg mu zikhalidwe zathu), chifukwa chake mtunduwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani ndi kunyumba m'minda. Anthu aku America amakonda mtengo wabwino komanso wokongola kwambiri kuposa mabulosi akuda.
Blueberry Blucrop - mitundu yamtengo wapatali komanso yotchuka kwambiri, yomwe imadziwika ndi kucha mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe komanso zofunikira zodulira mwamphamvu. Simalimbana ndi chisanu, koma ikayamba kugwa chilala, imabereka bwino. Zipatsozo zimakhala zofanana, ngati mawonekedwe a mpira, zokutidwa ndi utoto wowonekera wa buluu, mawonekedwe a tassels ndipo ndizotsekemera kwambiri, zonse mwanjira zawo zachilengedwe ndikatha kukonza.
Blueberry Patriot - Chipatso chambiri chabwino kwambiri choyambirira kupsa. Pakupanga zipatso zochulukirapo, zipatso zimatha kufika makilogalamu 7-8 kuchokera pachitsamba chimodzi. Zipatso zazikuluzikulu zamasamba zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukoma kopambana, pomwe chitsamba chokha chimakhala chochepa komanso cholimba.
Buluuyu amatha kupirira chisanu cha-35 ℃, ndipo nthambi zake zosinthika sizimathyoledwa ndi chipale chofewa, chifukwa chake zimakonda kwambiri kulimidwa kumadera akum'mawa ndi nyengo yovuta. Zosiyanasiyana zimapulumuka moyipa panthaka yonyowa komanso yonyowa.
Blueberry Duke - komanso mitundu yoyambirira komanso yololera, koma yotsika kwambiri chisanu poyerekeza ndi chizindikiro chapitacho - mpaka -29 ℃. Mukukula bwino kumakhala kutalika kwa 1.5-1.8 metres.
Kuti zipatso zikhale zolimba, mitundu iyenera kudulira nthawi zonse - pafupipafupi kuposa ena. Zipatso zokometsetsa zomwe zimapangidwa bwino zimapangidwa kukula kwake ndipo ndizoyenera kuzizira. Blueberry Duke, akhoza kukhala wamkulu m'malo akuluakulu.
Blueberries Spartan Chimakhwima mochedwa ndipo chimadziwika ndi tchire lotayirira lomwe limayandikira. Ngakhale zovuta pakubereka zimayenderana ndi ochepa zimayambira, mitunduyi imalephera kuzizira. Zipatso mkatikati mwa chilimwe ndi zipatso zazikulu ndi zokoma kwambiri za buluu zokhala ndi pachimake, zomwe ziyenera kusungidwa kamodzi kamodzi masiku 7 kuti tipewe kukhetsedwa.
Blueberry Toro - 2-chitsamba chamamita awiri ndi zipatso zazikulu komanso zokolola zambiri. Amatha kupirira kuzizira mpaka -30 ℃.
Blueberry nelson - kutalika komanso kufalikira, kukhazikika m'mwezi watha wa chilimwe. Zipatso zochulukana ndi zipatso zokulira ngati mpira wopindika, womwe umatha kupachikidwa pachitsamba kwa nthawi yayitali osaphwanyika. Tchire limakongoletsa kwambiri.
Blueberries kumpoto chakumwera - mitundu yakucha yakuyamba yomwe ikufanana kwathunthu ndi dzina lake chifukwa chokhoza kupirira kuzizira mpaka -40 ℃. Zitsamba zazing'ono kutalika (1,2 mita) zimatha kudzitamandira kukhazikika kwa mbewu yaying'ono (mpaka 17 mm), koma osapatsa zipatso zabwino ngati izi.
Blueberry Chandler - zosiyanasiyana nthambi za m'ma mochedwa yakucha. Dawo lamabulosi okoma lokhomedwa amatha kupitirira 3,5 cm, lomwe limatha kutsimikiziridwa pakukolola zochuluka kumapeto kwa theka loyamba la chilimwe.
Blueberry Elizabeth - imodzi mwamafuta onunkhira komanso okoma kwambiri, omwe amadziwika ndi nthawi yakucha yayitali. Mabasi okwanira mita 1.8 amaperekanso zipatso, ndikupatsa mwayi wokhala zipatso zatsopano mpaka milungu iwiri. Zosiyanasiyana zimaberekanso bwino, koma izi sizikugwira ntchito pazidothi zathanzi ndi zamchere, momwe kukula kwake kumalepheretseka kwambiri.
Blueberry Chippewa olimba kwambiri - mtengo wake ndi -38 ℃. Poterepa, mitunduyi imadzipukutira tokha ndipo itha kukhala wamkulu mu chidebe.
Msuzi wa Blueberry 1.5-2.1 mita kukula kwambiri theka lachiwiri la Ogasiti. Sizimasiyana pakukhazikika kwa mbewu, koma kuchokera ku chitsamba mutha kusonkhanitsa kuchokera ku 4 mpaka 8 makilogalamu a zipatso zokoma. Zipatsozi ndizonunkhira kwambiri, zimafikira masentimita awiri ndikuphulika mosavuta.
Blueberry Bluegold - Kutulutsa kwamtundu wamitundu yambiri komwe kumacha bwino. Amapanga timitengo mita imodzi ndi theka tating'ono timene timafunikira kudulira nthawi zonse. Zipatso za 1.8-centimeter zimadziwika ndi tint yozama ya buluu yophimba pamtunda, kununkhira kowala ndi kukoma kosangalatsa, komwe kumatha kumveka kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe.
Chifukwa cha kuuma bwino kwa nyengo yozizira, mitunduyo imabala zipatso ngakhale kumpoto, pomwe imodzi mwazipadera zake, zomwe zimapezeka pakufota mwachangu kwa zipatsozo, ziyenera kudziwika, makamaka ikafika kumagawo okhala ndi nyengo yotentha komanso yotentha. Pachifukwa ichi, mbewu iyenera kukololedwa pa nthawi, kuti isawonongeke ndikuwonongeka kwotsatira ndi kukhetsa.
Blueberry Nord Country Ndiwosakanizidwa wolimba yemwe sapitirira kutalika kwa mita imodzi ndipo amapereka zipatso zakupsa mkati mwa chilimwe. Zipatso zokongola zowoneka bwino ndi fungo lokongola zimasonkhanitsidwa mumtengo wa 2-2,5 makilogalamu pachitsamba chimodzi.
Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndizotsutsana ndi tizirombo ndi kuzizira. Komanso, sizosangalatsa malinga ndi dothi ndipo ili ndi mawonekedwe okongoletsa abwino mu nthawi yophukira kuti utototse masamba ake ndi matani abwino a vinyo.
Blueberry Bluery yokhala ndi nthawi yayitali yakucha, imapanga zipatso zazifupi zamtundu wabuluu, zomwe zimayamba kutolera pakati pa Ogasiti. Chitsamba chimodzi chimabweretsa zipatso zabwinozikulu pafupifupi masentimita awiri ndi 1,7. Chitsamba chokha chimakula mpaka mamita 1.8.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira mabulosi abulu
Kubzala mabulosi m'munda kumapangitsa kuti malowo azikonzedwa, omwe siofanana kwambiri ndi chilengedwe chomera ichi.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti mtundu wa buluu wa "kunyumba" sukonda kusayenda kwamadzi am'madzi, mosiyana ndi toyesa chakuthengo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mungafunike kukhetsa ngalande, ndibwino kubzala mabulosi pa phiri - phiri laling'ono.
Kuthirira mabulosi am'madzi
Kutsirira tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizichita ndi madzi osakanizika, okhala ndi supuni 1 ya citric acid yovilitsidwa mu ndowa. Ma Blueberries amafunikira chinyezi nthawi yayitali kuyambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe, zipatso zikacha, koma simungathe kuzilambalala, chifukwa zimatha kuyambitsa mizu.
Popanda mvula yopanda mvula, sizingavute kuchita kuthirira kwamadzi komwe kumayamwa, komwe kumadzaza muzu wonse ndi chinyezi, nkhani ya buliberries masentimita 40. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuthira madzi okwanira malita 60 pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse.
Blueberry Primer
Kwa mabulibeteri, kupuma, acidic (pH 3.8-5), dothi lamchenga losalala bwino. Zomera zodziwitsa, zomwe pamenepa ndi zamahatchi, mbewa ndi sorelo, zitha kuonetsa kukula kwa mabulidwe mu dothi linalake.
Kutulutsa kwamtunduwu pamwambapa ndikofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa ngakhale pH ndi 6, ma buliberries amakula pang'onopang'ono, omwe amawonjezeredwa pamtundu wa ndale komanso, makamaka, dothi lamchere.
Kuphatikizika kwa Blueberry
Ngati pakufunika kuti chomera chomera chikulirepo, ndikofunikira kupanga mbewa zakuya ndikuyang'anitsitsa dothi la acidity pamalo omwe anapangidwira kuti adzaikidwe.
Miyeso ya dzenjelo iyenera kukhala yosachepera 60x50 cm, ndipo pansi ndi makhoma ziyenera kumasulidwa bwino. Pafupifupi 50 g ya sulfure imalimbikitsa nthaka. Mukamaliza kumuika, ndikofunika kusamalira ndikuteteza mbewu ku dzuwa ndikuzithilira kwambiri.
Feteleza wa Blueberry
Ndikofunika kuphatikiza kulimidwa kwa mabulosi am'madzi ndikumayambitsa feteleza, omwe maziko ake ndi mchere, pomwe zolengedwa zochuluka kwambiri zimatsutsana.
Mwachilengedwe, 50-60 g ya superphosphate, 15-35 g ya magnesium ndi 1-2 g ya osakaniza a zinthu zambiri amapatsidwa kwa chomera chilichonse. Nitrogen ndiyofunikira kwambiri, ndipo amafunika kudyetsedwa m'njira zitatu - 40% kasupe (masamba asanatseguke), 35% koyambirira kwa Meyi ndi 25% yotsala itayamba chilimwe.
Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mulch ili ndi utuchi watsopano, ndiye kuti nayitrogeni iyenera kuyikidwa pawiri. Potaziyamu mu mawonekedwe a sulfate imathandizanso kwa ma buliberries, omwe ndi okwanira 30-45 g pachitsamba chilichonse.
Kudulira kwa Blueberry
Ziphuphu zazitali zazitali amazidulira kumayambiriro kwa masika kapena kumapeto kwa masamba. Tchire lokha lomwe lakwanitsa zaka 6-7 liyenera kubwezeretsedwanso, kusiya masamba osachepera 5 1.
Chitsamba chokulirapo ndikufunikiranso kuti chidulidwe. Mitundu yapamwamba ya mabulosi amtunduwu imakhala yovuta kwambiri kuti ipangitse kukula.
Kukonzekera mabulosi ozizira
Kuuma kwa nyengo yachisanu yamitundu yambiri yamtundu wa buluu kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri kotero kuti amatha kulekerera nthawi yozizira ndi kutentha kwa -25 ℃ kapena kutsika. Komanso, chizindikirochi chitha kupitilizidwa powona kuchepa kwa nayitrogeni nthawi ya umuna, makamaka maluwa atatha - izi zimathandiza kukula kwa zimayambira kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira.
Chitetezo chingafunike pokhapokha pakucha zipatso, zipatso zake zitha kuwonongeka chifukwa cha kuzizira, kupewa izi, tchire limakutidwa ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu. Pakakhala nyengo yamvula yopanda chipale chofewa, mutha kumangiriza mapesi ndi nthambi za spruce kapena kuwaphimba ndi burlap.
Kukula kwa nthangala za nthangala
Kubalalitsa kwa Blueberry ndi mbewu kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njere zomwe zimapezeka zipatso zabwino, zamphesa bwino. Atalekanitsa njerezo, zouma, ndipo pakugwa zimabzalidwa pamalowo mosazama.
Zomera zisanaphuke (patapita zaka zingapo), zikumera ziyenera kudulidwa, kusungunuka ndikudyetsedwa, ndipo chomera chatsopano chikadzasinthidwa ku malo okhazikika.
Kubalalitsa kwa Blueberry ndi odulidwa
Kubalana ndi muzu cuttings kumayamba ndi kukonzekera kumapeto yophukira. Kulekanitsa chogwirizira ndi kholo, chimayikidwa mumchenga ndikuyika malo abwino. Pakatha zaka ziwiri, mosamala, phesi lidzasanduka mmera wabwino, kubzala womwe poyera, muyembekezere zokolola chaka chamawa.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Nthenda yodziwika bwino kwambiri ya bulosi imadziwika kuti ndi khansa ya tsinde yoyambitsidwa ndi bowa. Chizindikiro cha chotupa chotere ndicho mawonekedwe a mawanga ang'onoang'ono ofiira pa mphukira ndi masamba, omwe, pakapita nthawi, amakula, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owulungika ndi mtundu wa bulauni.
Zotsatira zake zingakhale kufa kwa tsinde. Chowonekera kwambiri ndikuwonetsa kwa matendawa mchilimwe, kukhudzana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa bowa kuwoneka kwa mawanga a bulauni pazithunzi ndi halo wowala wa rasipiberi wofiira. Nthawi zambiri, ndim khansa yomwe imayambitsa kupha ana.
Mutha kuuletsa posabzala ma bulugamu m'malo okhala ndi madzi popanda kupangira feteleza wambiri wa nayitrogeni, komanso kutengulira mitengo ya zitsamba ndi kuwotcha zimayambira.
Polimbana ndi matendawa, kuchiza ndi yankho la 0% topsin ndi 0,2% euparen yokhala ndi zophukira zitatu zomwe zimachitika pakadutsa sabata limodzi osatulutsa maluwa komanso kuchuluka komweko mutakolola adawoneka bwino. Zotsatira zabwino zimapezeka ndi chithandizo chowirikiza katatu ndi Bordeaux amadzimadzi mu kasupe masamba asanaphuke ndi kugwa atagwa.
Ngati mabulosi samakula, kuwonetsa zizindikiro zakukula, izi zitha kuwonetsa kuti mbewuyo imakhudzidwa ndi amodzi mwa matenda a viral kapena mycoplasma. Pankhaniyi, kuchotsa kwathunthu koyesa kwa matenda ndi kuwotchedwa kwake kumafunika.
Blueberries zothandiza katundu ndi contraindication
Kuchuluka kwa kapangidwe ka mabulosi am'mimba kumachitika chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa mavitamini ambiri ofunikira kwa anthu, kuphatikiza A, B1, B2, PP, Mpaka, P ndi ascorbic acid. Makamaka anthocyanins, zomwe zimakhala ndi zochuluka kwambiri poyerekeza ndi buliberries.
Izi zimapatsa mankhwala okhala ndi khansa komanso odana ndi ukalamba. Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda am'mimba, kudya buliberries sikulimbikitsidwa.
Chitumbuwa cha Blueberry
Pie ya "Finnish" yokhala ndi ma blueberries imakongoletsa tebulo lililonse ndi kukhalapo kwake, komanso, sizifunikira ndalama zazikulu.
Zosakaniza:
- 150 g zolowetsa (zatsopano kapena zachisanu),
- 150 g ufa
- 150 g ma almond
- 100 g batala,
- 100 ga tchizi chanyumba,
- 100 g shuga
- 200 g wowawasa zonona (okhutira mafuta 20-30%),
- Dzira 1
- 3 mazira atatu,
- Uzitsine 1 wamchere ndi theka la vanillin.
Kuti mupeze mtanda, muyenera kupera ndi kutsanulira ufa, kanyumba tchizi, batala, maamondi ndi mchere mumbale, ndiye kusakaniza ndi chosakanizira ndikuwonjezera dzira. Chotsatira choterechi chimayenera kuthiridwa mu nkhungu pamapepala ophika, oboola m'malo angapo ndikuwophika kwa mphindi 40-60.
Kudzazidwa kumakonzedwa mu mbale yochokera pa yolks atatu, kirimu wowawasa, vanila ndi shuga ndikuthira pa mtanda, ndiye mabulosi amtunduwo amwazika pamenepo. Mwanjira iyi, kekeyo imatumizidwa kukaphika mu uvuni, yotentha kwa 180 ℃, kwa mphindi 30 mpaka 40. Kudzazidwa kwa chisanu kumawonetsera kuti pieyo wakonzeka, koma asanadye amafunika kuziziritsa pang'ono.
Kupanikizana kwa Blueberry
Kupanikizana kwa Blueberry kumafuna zochepa zosakaniza:
- 1 makilogalamu zipatso zatsopano;
- 800 g shuga;
- 1.5 makapu amadzi.
Zipatso zimayenera kutsukidwa bwino, kucha, koma osapsa. Amayikidwa mumtsuko wopanda kanthu, dikirani mpaka mawonekedwe okoma omwe atengera madzi ndi shuga atawiritsa.
Pambuyo poti zipatsozo zimathiridwa ndikuwotcha ndipo osakaniza amaloledwa kupatsa kwa maola awiri. Kenako chidebe chokhala ndi zipatso chimabweretsedwa kuti chikhale chokonzeka pachitofu choyaka. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuphimba mitsuko ya jamu mukadali wotentha.
