Bonsai siwokongoletsera wobiriwira chabe m'nyumba, ndi mtengo wocheperako womwe umakhala wopanda pake, kuusamalira ndiwopweteka komanso wautali, koma zotulukapo zimaposa zoyembekezera zonse. Bonsai adzapatsa dziko laling'ono mnyumba mwanu ngati ndinu katswiri polankhula ndi chozizwitsa ichi cha Japan ndi chikhalidwe chake. Kukonda zokongola komanso zachilendo kudzathandiza kuthana ndi mavuto omwe angachitike m'zaka zoyambirira zodziwana ndi bonsai. Ndipo patapita zaka zochepa, dziko lanu lidzadzaza ndi mawonekedwe achilendo owoneka bwino.
Njira zazikulu za bonsai zimatengedwa pamitengo wamba yomwe imamera madera otentha, otentha, m'nkhalango yapakati, komanso zimphona zazikuluzikulu. Mwachilengedwe, vuto loyamba limayenderana ndi nyengo, momwe choyambirira chimagwiritsidwira ntchito. Ngati mumagula bonsai nokha, ndiye kuti musankhe pafupi ndi malo omwe mumakhala, ndizovuta kwambiri ngati mutapatsidwa mbewu yabwino ngati imeneyi.
Kutentha
Mu nyengo yotentha, ndikofunikira kuberekanso kusintha komwe kumayenderana ndi mbewu. Boxwood, makangaza, maolivi, maula - amakhala bwino kwambiri mchipinda - izi zikugwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana mwa bonsai. Munda wamalimwe, dimba, khonde kapena zenera lotseguka limapindula kwambiri. Mphepo yatsopano imakhudza bwino kukula ndi chomera chapaderachi.
Ndikwabwino kuti apulumuke nthawi yozizira m'chipinda chozizira, momwe kutentha kumachokera ku +15. Khonde lomwe lili ndi zida zokongoletsa bwino ndilabwino. Koma kwa mitengo yotentha, muyenera kutsatira +18 nthawi yozizira, apo ayi atha kuvutika ndi kutentha kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, ndiye kutentha kumene kumasungidwa m'nyumba nthawi yozizira. Chovuta kwambiri pokonza nyengo yachisanu ndimapirira kutentha osaposa +10 mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma conifers, mapulo, ndi phulusa lomwelo la kumapiri. Zachidziwikire, khonde ndizoyenera, koma ngati silakuzunguliridwa kwambiri. Khonde lanyumba silitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, makamaka popeza silikupezeka, njira yobwezeretsera masamba yobiriwira imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Sill yotsekera pamodzi ndi bonsaiyi imakhomedwa mpanda kuti kutentha pang'ono momwe mungathere kufikire pachomera.
Kuwala
Musanakhazikitse kuyatsa pamalo pafupi ndi bonsai, muyenera kudziwa bwino zachilengedwe momwe mtengo umamera. Chipinda chapadera sichachidziwikire zachilengedwe, koma mutha kuyesa kuyandikira pafupi ndi icho powunikira zambiri. Dongosolo labwino kwambiri la kuwala lidzachokera kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo, chifukwa chake timayang'ana mawindo awa. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti malo omwe bonsai ili pawindo.
Windo lakumadzulo likutanthauza kuti mbewuyo idzaima mbali yabwino. Zenera lakum'mawa ndilopindulitsa kwambiri ngati mtengowo udayikidwa mbali yakumanzere. Kukula kwa bonsai kumakhala kokwanira kwa masamba onse ndi mphukira ngati itasinthidwa ndi 180 ° osachepera milungu iwiri iliyonse, kapena ngakhale kawiri kapena katatu m'milungu inayi nyengo yonse yotentha. Nthawi yozizira imatha kubweretsa kuwoneka ngati mphukira zofowoka kwambiri zomwe sizimawonekanso ndipo ndizitali kwambiri.
Kupanda kuwala kumakhudza chitukuko cha bonsai. Kuti mupewe izi, ndikofunikira kukweza makatani ndi khungu m'masiku onse masana. Kuti muwonjezere nthawi ya masana, nyali ya fluorescent kapena nyali ya halogen, koma osati nyali yosasintha, yomwe ambiri amazolowera, ingathandize. Nyali yosankhidwa moyenera imayikidwa kutalika kosaposa 50 masentimita, kuwonjezera pamenepo kumadzaza chomera ndi kuwala kofunikira ndikuwonjezera maola masana mpaka theka la tsiku.
Kuthirira
Malinga ndi akatswiri, nthawi yambiri ndiy kuthirira. Kuthamanga kwake komanso kuchuluka kwake kumadalira nthaka, kuchuluka kwake, momwe bonsai amakulira, kutuluka kwa madzi ndi kuyamwa kwa madzi. Ndi chifukwa cha ichi kuti ambiri amawona njira yoyenera yothirira sikutheka. Njira yabwino kwambiri ndiy kuthirira m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, koma m'malo pafupipafupi. Izi sizikupezeka kwa alimi ambiri.
Njira zothirira wamba zimaphatikizapo kusankha kumiza. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito, ndikofunikira kutenga chidebe koposa chomwe bonsai imakula ndikuyika chomera pamenepo. Zitha kuuchotsa pokhapokha ngati ma buluzi mpweya sawonekeranso pamwamba. Izi zimagwira monga chidziwitso kuti dothi silifunanso chinyontho, koma musanayikemo bonsai, ndikofunikira kulola madzi ochulukirapo kuti achotse madziwo. Njira yokwaniritsira dziko lapansi ndi chinyezi iyenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti isavunditse bonsai m'madzi, momwe mulibe mpweya wamizu. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri makamaka pakati pa mitengo yapakati. M'pofunika kuganizira mkhalidwe wopumulirako, womwe umagwa nthawi yozizira, pomwe pamakhala chiopsezo chodzaza dziko lapansi ndi chinyezi.
M'nyengo yotentha, mpweya watsopano umatsuka masamba a mtengo wako, chinyezi chimatuluka ndikuuluka m'nthaka. Ngakhale mutakhala otanganidwa chotani, muyenera kuthilira madzi kawiri masana, makamaka oyimilira aubwino a banja la bonsai. Kwa oimira otentha, ngakhale kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndikotheka, koma pamlingo wovomerezeka. Kwa nthawi yozizira, kuthirira kumasintha kuchuluka kwake komanso pafupipafupi mpaka kamodzi pa sabata. Musanatsirire chomera, muyenera kudziwa kuti nthaka ndi youma. Mtundu wowala wa dothi umawonetsa kufunika koonjezera chinyezi ku bansai. Mutha kuyesanso dothi, ndipo pamaziko a zodetsa nkhawa kuti mudziwe nthawi yothirira. Kwa anthu odziwa bwino kwambiri omwe adapereka moyo wawo ku bonsai, mphindi iyi imatsimikizidwa ndi kulemera kwa mphika kapena poto pomwe mbewuyo idabzalidwa.
Mutha kukonzanso madzi osamba m'chilimwe. Kuti muchite izi, dongo lokwezedwa limayikidwa mu chidebe chakuya, mchenga wowuma, miyala, miyala (yomwe imamwa ndi kupatsa madzi bwino). Zonsezi zimadzaza ndimadzi, ndipo bansai imayikidwa pamwamba, koma mwanjira yoti pali mpata pakati pa chinyezi ndi pallet. Ndikwabwino kuphatikiza dongosolo lotere ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuti mupeze bwino chifukwa chopanga malo onyowa.
Bonsai ndizosangalatsa zokongola za mtengo wokongoletsa. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala njira yoika hydroponic yoika, yomwe imataya chithumwa ndi chithumwa chobadwa mwanjira iyi. Izi ndichifukwa choti poto umasinthidwa ndi miphika imayikidwa imodzi. Komabe, njira iyi yokulira ndi kusamalira mitengo yokongoletsera ili ndi zabwino zake, koma mawonekedwe owoneka bonsai amasunthira njira iyi kumbuyo.
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Kudyetsa bonsai sikutanthauza kudziwa kwambiri kapena kuwononga nthawi. Zakudya zam'madzi zodziwika bwino, zomwe ndizoyenera m'nyumba zamkati, kamodzi pamwezi zidzakwaniritsa bansai ndizofunikira kwambiri. Ndi nyengo yozizira, kudyetsa kumayimitsidwa, kupatula mitundu yotentha, ngati maola awo masana ali ofanana ndi theka la tsiku.
Mitengo yokongoletsera imatha kudyetsedwa ndi njira yomwe ambiri amavomereza, kuthilira pansi kuchokera pamwamba, kapena mutha kumiza thirakiti ndi mbewu munthaka ya mchere, ngati mukuthirira. Njira yochepetsera mchere yomwe inakonzedwa kuchokera kumagalamu awiri aovala mchere, womwe umasungunulidwa mu lita imodzi yamadzi, umayikidwa mu chidebe chakuya. Bonsai ali mu njirayi mpaka ataledzera mokwanira, pambuyo pake amachotsedwa pakusamba kwamankhwala.
