Quince (kapena Cydonia) ndi mtengo wochokera ku mitundu ya deciduous kapena waluso kuchokera ku banja la Pinki, umabala zipatso, komanso umatengedwa kuchokera ku chikhalidwe chokongoletsera. Ena amati mtengo uwu udachokera ku Caucasus. Koma pali lingaliro kuti kwawo kwa quince ndi Northern Iran kapena Asia Minor.
Mtengo uwu umakonda kuwala. Chifukwa chake, pamene chomera chikuchititsidwa khungu ndi kunyezimira kwa dzuwa, pomwepo chimabala chipatso. Osalimbana ndi chilala komanso kugonjetsedwa ndi chinyezi chambiri, chokhalitsa. Imakula pa dothi komanso pamchenga. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa quince kumawerengedwa kuti ndi 7 mita. Mtengo wotere umakhala zaka 30 mpaka 50. Pali njira zingapo zobzala mtengo wotere: kudula, mbewu, kumalumikiza, komanso mizu.
Kufotokozera kwathunthu kwa mtengo wa quince
Quince ndi mtengo wotsika, kapena unganene kuti shrub. Mwachilengedwe, kutalika kumachokera ku 1.5 mpaka 4 mita. Quince sichimafika pamtunda wa 7 mita. Dongosolo la thunthu ndi pafupifupi masentimita 50. Nthambi za chitsamba zimakutidwa ndi makungwa, omwe nthawi zonse amatuluka. Nthambi zazing'ono, zofiirira.
Popeza thunthu limakonda kukula pakona, ndikofunikira kumangiriza chitsamba kuti chisagwe pansi. Kusiyana kwa quince ndi mitengo ina pamtunda wakuda, wamtambo wakuda ndi thunthu.
Quince ali ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa kwambiri masamba - ozungulira kapena ovoid, nsonga za masamba zimatha kukhala zowongoka kapena zowoneka bwino, nthawi zambiri mpaka kutalika kwa 12 cm, mpaka 7.5 cm mulitali.
Momwe timamasuwa ndi fungo
Quince limamasula kuyambira Meyi mpaka June. Maluwa nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupifupi milungu itatu. Maluwa ndi akulu mokwanira, m'mimba mwake ndi pang'ono potalika masentimita 6. Maluwa ndi oyera, kapena ofiira owala, pakati ndi achikasu achikasu, matupi awo pansi. Maluwa amatulutsa masamba atatuluka. Chifukwa cha maluwa mochedwa, quince saopa chisanu, ndipo chaka chilichonse amabala zipatso. M'munda uliwonse, quince ingakhale chokongoletsera chabwino, chifukwa maluwa amaphimba ndi mtengowo, pafupifupi. Chifukwa cha izi, mtengowu amatha kutchedwa wokongoletsa.
Quince amabala zipatso kuyambira Seputembala mpaka Okutobala. Chipatsocho chimakulungidwa m'mawonekedwe, ofanana ndi peyala, kapena apulo. Poyamba, pomwe chipatsocho sichinakhwime kwathunthu, chimakhala pang'onopang'ono, ndipo chipatso chokhwima ndichosalala.
Mtundu wa chipatsocho ndi wachikasu, pafupi ndi mandimu, mitundu ina imakhala pang'ono. The quince zamkati ndi lolimba, osati yowutsa mudyo konse, tart ndi kukoma kosangalatsa. Kulemera kwa chipatso chimodzi kumatha kukhala 100 mpaka 400 g, kuchokera pa mahekitala amodzi amitundu yolimidwa mutha kutola matani 50 a mbewu. Ngati quince ndi yakutchire, ndiye kuti zipatso zake ndizochepa, zolemera mpaka 100 g. Kuchokera pamtengo umodzi wopezeka zipatso 10.
Quince ali ndi fungo loyambirira - mawonekedwe ake omwe ndi kupezeka kwa enanthic ndi pelargonium-ethyl esters. Fungo labwino la quince wakucha likufanana ndi apulosi wowawasa, kununkhira kwa maluwa ndi zonunkhira kumawonekeranso.
About quince mbewu
Pakati pa mwana wakhanda pali otchedwa "matumba", alipo asanu okha. Zosakaniza zikopa, mafupa a bulauni mkati. Pamwamba pa mbewu za quince pali peel yokhala ndi filimu yoyera ya matte, yomwe imakhala ndi 20% yotupa bwino yotupa. M'tsogolomu, ntchofu izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu zovala ndi mankhwala. Chifukwa cha glycoside, mafupa amygdalin mu quince pang'ono fungo la amondi owawa.
Quince ali ndi mizu yambiri ponseponse. Mizu yolimba imalowera munthaka osaposa mita 1. Palinso mizu yomwe imamera mosadukiza. Mizu yambiri imakhala pafupi ndi dothi, motero mtengowo ukhoza kuikidwa m'malo mopanda kuwonongeka. Koma nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kulanda mosamala kwambiri.
Quince amayamba kubereka zipatso zaka pafupifupi 3-5 za moyo, ndipo m'zaka 20 zotsatira zimabala zipatso mwachangu. Mwambiri, mtengo umakhala zaka 50.
Nkhani Chipatso
Quince ndi mtengo wakale kwambiri; anthu adziwa za zaka 4000. Poyambirira mtengo kuchokera ku Caucasus. Pambuyo pake quince adadziwika ku Asia Minor, ku Roma ndi ku Greece wakale. Quince patapita nthawi pang'ono adatulukira pachilumba cha Krete, pomwe, malinga ndi olemba mbiri, mtengowu udadziwikanso. Malinga ndi nthano ya Agiriki akale, quince idalakwitsa pompano wagolide, yemwe Paris adapereka kwa mulungu wamkazi Aphrodite. Zipatso zokhala ndi tart komanso kununkhira kokoma zinkawerengedwa ngati chizindikiro cha chikondi, ukwati ndi ukwati.
Melon Kudaion - kotero Agiriki akale amatchedwa quince. Pambuyo pa Greece, quince adaphunzira ku Italy. Wolemba wotchuka Pliny amafotokoza mitundu 6 ya mtengowu. Kuchokera pamafotokozedwe ake, zidadziwika kuti mwana wosabadwayo sagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya cha anthu, komanso ali ndi zinthu zochiritsa. Apicius wodziwika bwino m'buku lake lophika amafotokoza za njira yophikira mchere yomwe quince ilipo.
Kummawa, quince imawerengedwa kuti ndi chizindikiro cha thanzi, kuyera. Ndipo Avicenna pantchito zake adalemba kuti mbewuyo imakhudza mtima, komanso chimbudzi. Pazaka za XIV, quince idayamba kuonekera ku Europe, ndipo zipatso izi zidadziwika ku maiko ena. Zitsamba zamtchire zimatha kupezeka ku Caucasus, komanso ku Asia Minor ndi Iran. Zomera zimamera pafupi ndi dziwe, kapena pansi pa mapiri. Quince yowonjezereka ku Russia ndi Caucasus, komanso Krasnodar Territory. Ku Europe, quince amadziwika ngati chomera chokongoletsera.
Kodi quince imakula bwanji ndimadwala?
Pa quince ndikwabwino kubzala peyala. M'tsogolomu, mbande zotere sizigwirizana ndi chilala. Quince ndi wodzikweza mokwanira. Itha kukhala popanda kuthirira kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso kugonjetsedwa ndi chinyezi chambiri. Posachedwa lakonzedwa kuti apange mtundu wosakanizidwa wa apulo ndi quince, chifukwa chomwe chikhalidwe chatsopanocho chimakhala chogonjetsedwa ndi chisanu ndi matenda.
Matenda oopsa a quince ndi zowola. Popewa matenda otere, nthawi zambiri amatha kudula ndi kuwotcha nthambi. Pofuna kupewa chikhalidwe, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kupopera mbewu pamtengo ndi masamba ndi fundosol, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito dipterex. Njira ina yoletsera matenda amtengowo ndi kupha tizirombo toyambitsa matenda, omwe mandimu enaake ndi mankhwala enaake ogwiritsira ntchito. Tizilombo zoyipa timati kachilombo kakang'ono kwambiri ndi njenjete, ndiwo migodi ya njenjete.
