Pontederia - nyenyezi yofulumira m'malo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso malo achinyezi

Mabedi am'madzi ndi malo owotchera masiku ano sakhala odziwika monga mapangidwe odabwitsa amadziwe akulu ndi ang'onoang'ono. Koma pakupanga kwa mtundu wina uliwonse wa zinthu zowoneka bwino zokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, pali vuto limodzi lomwe opanga onse amakumana nalo: kupatula mbewu monga chimanga, ndizovuta kupeza mbewu zomwe zimakongoletsa dziwe ndi maluwa mu theka lachiwiri la nthawi ya munda. Zomera zosowa komanso zosasinthika zoterezi zitha kudziwika kuti ndi pontederia - masamba osachedwa kugombe okhala ndi masamba owoneka bwino ndi inflorescence yofiirira omwe sakhala otsika kwa iwo.

Pontederia mtima (Pontederia cordata). © JANKUIT

Chozizwitsa chakumbuyo posachedwa kwa madambo ndi maiwe

Pontederia imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazomera zofunikira kwambiri pakupanga maiwe ndi mabedi onyowa. Imayamikiridwa makamaka chifukwa cha masamba ake owoneka bwino, akulu, koma owoneka bwino. Mtunduwu udapezeka kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 16, koma udapezekanso dzina lake mochedwa, m'zaka za zana la 18 (ndi nthawi imeneyo pomwe Pontederia adatchulidwa dzina lodziwika bwino ku botanist wa ku Italy). Mwachilengedwe, pontederia imakhala yotchuka munthaka komanso m'madzi osaya pafupifupi ku Western Hemisphere, ndipo imapezeka m'malo otentha komanso kotentha. Ma pontederias akumpoto kwambiri amakhala ku Canada, komabe alibe mphamvu zokwanira kuti athe kulima m'madziwe athu.

Pontederia (Pontederia) ndi mtundu wawung'ono wam'madzi am'mphepete mwa mitundu isanu ndi itatu yokhala ndi ma rhizomes akukhazikika, omwe samakonda kuchita zankhanza ndikupanga mawonekedwe a nkhokwe zowoneka bwino komanso tchire lokongola. Sichimatha kuyendetsa bwino, sichitha kuponderezanso mbewu zina ndipo chimakhala bwino ndikamacheza ndi mitundu yamtunda yayikulu.

Masamba a pontederia nthawi zonse amakhala owoneka amtima, ovoid kapena lanceolate, atakhala pamtunda wautali kwambiri. Zazikulu, mpaka 25 cm, zimawonekera ndi mtundu wawo wolemera komanso wowala. Kutulutsa maluwa osatha chonchi kumayamba mochedwa kwambiri kuposa mbewu zina za m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Ma inflorescence ambiri okhala ngati spike okhala ndi mtundu wa buluu-violet kapena mtundu wa lilac amawoneka apamwamba komanso amphamvu. Maluwa a pontederia amayamba chilimwe, koma amatha kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, ndikayamba kuzizira.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya pontederia

Monga chomera chokongoletsera, ndi mtundu umodzi wokha womwe umakula - Pontederia mtima (Pontederia cordata). M'mbuyomu, mitundu yonseyi idasiyanitsidwa. Pontederia lanceolate (Pontederia lanceolata), koma lero akuphatikizidwa mu mitundu yodziwika bwino kwambiri ya pontederias ndipo saganiziridwa pawokha.

Pontederia mtima (Pontederia kamba) ndichopondera ku Europe-America mosazungulira mpaka kutalika kwa 60 cm. Chomera chimayamba kukhala ngati chitsamba chokongola kwambiri komanso chozungulira, chimapangika pang'onopang'ono mapangidwe ake, koma zikuluzikulu zowoneka bwino zomwe zimawoneka kuti ndizopangira zokongoletsera. Masamba ambiri mpaka 25 cm kutalika mpaka 18 cm kutalika pamwamba pa madzi pazitali zazitali, zamphamvu. Mbale zake zimawoneka zolimba komanso zowondera, koma zimawalira ndi dzuwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pontederia iwoneke yosangalatsa kwambiri. Mtundu wa masamba siwotentha, koma wobiriwira wobiriwira, ndipo mawonekedwe ake nthawi zonse amakhala osalala. Dothi looneka ngati mtima komanso m'mphepete mwa tsamba la lanceolate kapena tsamba la ovoid limawoneka ngati tsatanetsatane komanso wopanda cholakwika.

Ngakhale ma pontederias ochepera kwambiri amatulutsa ma peduncle ambiri, omwe, kuphatikiza ndi inflorescences omwe amawakhazikitsa, amapezeka ndipo amafanana kwambiri ndi tsamba lapa basal. Khutu la inflorescence ndi lalikulu, lakuthwa, lalifupi-lalitali kapena lamtambo wamtambo wobiriwira, wokhala ndi mtundu wowala, wamaso a lilac. Kapangidwe ka inflorescence kofanana ndi nkhokwe ya bango, koma mawonekedwe ake achingwe amawapatsa kuwala. Ngakhale kuti ndizovuta kusiyanitsa maluwa pawokha, munthu ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa pontederia. Mlomo wam'munsi wa maluwawo ndi wamilamba itatu, milomo yapamwamba ndi yolimba, koma imakongoletsedwa ndi malo awiri achikasu owala. Koma chinthu chosasangalatsa kwambiri cha pontederia ndi mtundu wa pestle ndi stamens. Pa chikhalidwe ichi ndi amtambo. Kutulutsa kwa mapangidwe ooneka ngati mtima kumayambira kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, pokhapokha mu nyengo zovuta kwambiri kumachedwetsedwa mpaka Julayi. Koma maluwa amatha, ngati akuyenera kumera mochedwa, pomwe mpweya wozizira umamveka kale m'munda - theka lachiwiri la Okutobala.

Pontederia mtima (Pontederia cordata). © Yuichi Momma

Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe ofunikira, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongoletsera ndi mitundu ya pontederia. Timakumana ndi ena okha omwe adasandulika kale:

Pontederia mtima "Pinki Pons" wokhala ndi pinki inflorescence;
Pontederia wamtima "Dilatata" wokhala ndi lilac-pinki, inflorescence yayitali kwambiri;
Pontederia wamtima "Grey Thunder" wokhala ndi imvi, koma kwenikweni buluu inflorescence ndi masamba akulu 30 cm;
Pontederia wokoma mtima "Alba" wokhala ndi maluwa oyera;
Pontederia wokoma mtima "Mtsinje wa Supuni" wokhala ndi ma inflorescence a buluu ndi chowulungika, masamba ofanana ndi supuni (iyi ndiye mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pontederia yopanda glossy).

Mitundu ina yamakono imakhala ndi chisanu kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, mitundu yowala ya Crown Point, yomwe idapatsidwa zone 4a.

Pontederia kukula njira nyengo yozizira

Chomera chokongola choterechi chimakhala chovuta kwambiri kuzizira, ndipo malinga ndi lingaliro lomwe nthawi zambiri chimavomereza, nyengo yotentha yokha ndiyomwe imatha kutuluka padziwe, ndipo ngakhale munthawi ya ayezi, nthaka itangouma. Pontederias salekerera kuzizira kwa mizu, koma ngati itapewedwa, amatha kupitiliza kudumphira m'madziwe. Ku Europe, ma pontederia amatha "kubzala ndikuyiwalika," koma m'dziko lathu amathanso kubzala ndi njira zosiyana. Kuwona kuti zosankha zomwe zikukula ndizochepa mu njira imodzi yokha ndikulakwitsa:

Njira yapamwamba: monga chomera, chomwe, pakubwera kwa madzi oundana, chimatengedwa ndikumapita kuchipinda chobiriwira kapena chipinda china chosazizira (chitha kusungidwa mwachitsanzo, ndi lotus ndi nyenyezi zina zamadzi akuya ndi gombe, ndi zomera zochokera kunyanja). Popeza pontederia imamera m'mabasiketi okha, kufukula kapena kubzala mu dziwe kumabweretsa mavuto.

Kuzama m'madzi: ngati pontederia imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga madamu ang'onoang'ono, ndiye kuti nthawi yachisanu imatha kusamutsidwira kumadera komwe kuzizira sikumafika pansi. Omwe alimi ena amasunthira pontederia kuya kuya kwa mita 2, ndipo mu nthawi yophukira amabwereranso kuzungulira pansi pa 20-25 cm.

Pontederia mtima (Pontederia cordata). © Ryan Rasmussen

Popanga dimba, pontederia:

mochedwa kutulutsa ma accents mu kapangidwe ka matupi amadzi;
kupanga chokongoletsera chokongola m'mabedi amaluwa onyowa ndi madambo (m'malo otentha kwambiri);
yotambuza maluwa opendekera padziwe;
mumapangidwe am'mphepete mwa nyanja;
kupanga zotakasuka m'mbali mwa gombe, kusewera mosiyanasiyana;
ngati chomera choyeretsa, madzi osefa.

Pontederia amakonda kwambiri nyama ndi tizilombo: m'dziko lakwawo limadziwika ndi dzina loti "mbewu ya pickerel" (chomera cha pickerel). Koma osati ma pikes okha, komanso nsomba zina ndi onse okhala m'mlengalenga amakonda kubisala m'nkhalango za Pontederia. Masamba a Pontederia amakopa agulugufe ndi agulugufe.

Omwe amagawana bwino kwambiri ndi pontederia: mbewu zokhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono komanso masamba oyambira, okhala ndi maluwa oyambira koyambirira kwa nyengo, kuphatikizapo hauttuynia, bango wamba, bacopa, vallisneria, buttercups, marsileia, etc.

Zinthu zofunika ndi ma pontederies

Wosakonda wachinyeziyu ayenera kubzala mozama mokwanira, 5-10 masentimita pansi pamadzi (kubzala kuya ndi 20-30 cm, koma pontederia imakula bwino pakuya kwa 10 cm ndi 40 cm). Ndikakulitsa kwambiri, mbewuyo sidzafa, koma masamba adzaonekera pambuyo pake, adzakhala ochepa, atali, ndipo maluwa adzakhala ochepa. Koma mbali inayi, pakuya kwa 1 mita, nyengo yamvula imakhala yabwino kwambiri. Kusintha kwamphamvu mkati mwa kumiza mkati mwa chaka sikowopsa, koma sakonda kuwonetsedwa nthawi yayitali komanso kuchepa kwakumaso kwa chinyezi. Pa chikhalidwe ichi, ndikofunikira kusankha dongo lathanzi (gawo lapansi la maluwa a m'madzi ndilabwino kwambiri). Mutha kuyala feteleza pansi, chifukwa masamba akuluakulu ambiri amathanso kudya michere, koma muyenera kukumbukira za kuchuluka kwake.

Pontederia ndi chomera chachikulu kwambiri. Ngakhale malo owoneka bwino padzuwa ali abwino kwa iye. Mukamazungulira, imasunthika osati masamba owongoka ngati masamba ndipo sikutulutsa. Mitengo yachikondi ya kutentha iyenera kukumbukiridwa, ndikusankha malo "abwino" kwambiri ndikuwunika mbali zakumwera kwa nkhokwe.

Tikufika Pontederia

Chomera cha m'mphepete chino ndichabwino kukula m'mabasiketi akuluakulu omwe angalole kukula kwa rhizome yopingasa. Zopangira za Pontederia siziyenera kupitirira 40 cm.

Chisamaliro cha Pontederia

Chisamaliro chonse chofunikira chomera chimatsikira pokhapokha kuchotsa masamba owuma kapena owonongeka - kuyeretsa mwaukhondo, kudula mapesi maluwa at maluwa (nyengo yofunda amasiyidwa kuti azikongoletsa dziwe lozizira).

Pontederia nyengo yachisanu

M'madera akumwera, mmera ungasiyidwe bwino padziwe kapena dambo, koma muyenera kukumbukira kuti kumasula chomeracho kungayambitse kufa. Pontederia imatha nthawi yozizira m'madzi pokhapokha ngati madzi oundana asakukuta komanso osakakamira pansi. Pakati panjira, chomeracho chimakonzedwa mosiyanasiyana nthawi yozizira. Pambuyo pa mazira oyamba, pontederia nthawi zambiri imasunthira kuya kwa 1 mita (kapena pang'ono), imayikidwa kutsogolo kwa maluwa a m'madzi ndi miyambo ina yam'nyanja yakutsogolo. Kuzama m'munsi mwa 1.5 m ndikosayenera. Koma njira yodalirika kwambiri ndikutsuka pontederia nthawi yachisanu m'chipinda chilichonse chosazizira, pamodzi ndi mbewu zina zam'madzi. Itha kubisala m'machubu odzaza ndi madzi mum'chombo chachikulu, ndikuthirira nthawi zonse kapena mchenga wosaphika.

Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda

Pontederia imakopa osati zopindulitsa tizilombo, komanso tizirombo. Chomerachi chimakonda kwambiri nsabwe za m'masamba, makamaka pafupi ndi mbewu zomwe zili ndi matenda m'mabedi az maluwa pafupi. Kulimbana nawo osachotsa ndikusiyanitsa ma pontederia ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndizosathandiza chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha mankhwala omwe amapezeka munyengo yachisungiko.

Kuswana kwa Pontederia

Ichi ndi chomera chosavuta kwambiri kubereka, chomwe chingapezeke kuchokera ku njere ndi zipatso. Ma pontederias adasiyanitsidwa bwino, osawopa kuvulala kwa rhizome, koma njirayi iyenera kuchitika pokhapokha pazomera zawo. Ndikofunika kufalitsa chikhalidwechi pokhapokha ngati chimasiya matalala, kumapeto kwa masika. Mutha kugawa tchigawika m'magulu akulu, m'magawo awiri kapena atatu (mizu yamphamvu komanso malo ambiri okukula ayenera kukhalabe), kapena ingodulani "odulidwa" - masamba odulidwa. Pontederias imaphuka bwino komanso kusinthasintha, kusunthira msanga kukula. Nthawi zambiri pofalitsa, mizu yomwe imatuluka potseguka kwachombo imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zomera zing'onozing'ono sizifunikira kubzalidwe payokha, zimabzyala nthawi yomweyo m'mabasiketi ang'onoang'ono ndikuyika m'madziwe.

Mwa kufalitsa mbewu ndi mbewu ndikosavuta. Zitha kufesedwa nthawi iliyonse, kuyambira nthawi ya masika mpaka chilimwe m'nthaka yonyowa kwambiri. Ikasungidwa pamoto, pansi pa kanema kapena galasi yokhala ndi mpweya wabwino komanso chinyezi chokhazikika, mphukira zimawoneka mwachangu, koma kufikira tsamba lonse litawonekera, sizisamutsidwira kumunda wamadzi ndikusungidwa ndimothilira kwambiri. Zomera zazing'ono zimayamba kulimidwa m'madziwe am'madzi, ndipo pokhapokha mizu yake ikakhala yamphamvu komanso yayikulu imasamutsidwa.