Zodabwitsa ... Chifukwa chake pomasulira mu Chirasha dzina la chomera chodabwitsa kwambiri limamveka - mirabilis. Jenasi mirabilis ali ndi mitundu yopitilira 50, yomwe idagawidwa kuchokera kum'mwera kwa US ku Chile. Ndipo mtundu umodzi wokha wa Himalayan mirabilis (Mirabilis himalaicus) amapezeka ku Old World, kuchokera ku Western Himalayas kupita ku Southwest China.
Mirabilis Yalapa, kapena kukongola kwausiku (Mirabilis jalapa). © F. D. RichardsMuzipinda mumatha kuwona mirabilis yakapa (Mirabilis jalapa,, kapena Kukongola kwa Usiku - masamba osatha mpaka 80cm wokhala ndi muzu wofanana ndi radish, mtundu wa phulusa lonyowa, wokutidwa ndi mamba ena asiliva. Ndi tchimo kusawonetsa "chozizwitsa" chotere, chifukwa chake chodzalacho chimabzalidwa kuti pamwamba pamizu ioneke. Ndipo mirabilis, titero kunena kwake, imayimilira pazitambala. Zomera zoterezi zimatchedwa pachyual (pachys - thick, caulis - thunthu).
Potseguka, mtunduwu umalimidwa ngati pachaka - samalekerera nyengo yathu yachisanu.
Ndipo maluwa a mirabilis ndi achilendo. Zomwe tikuwona sizinthu zamtengo wapatali konse, koma kapu, yayikulu, yokongola, yokhala ndi chubu chachitali. At mirabilis yayitali (Mirabilis longiflora) chubu iyi imafika masentimita 17. Maluwawo amanunkhira bwino kwambiri, koma ndi china chotentha, osati wamba. Ziwululidwa masana kuti zitha kuzimiririka patatha maola ochepa. Koma amasinthidwa ndi atsopano, ndi zina zotero mpaka m'mawa kwambiri. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti mirabilis imatchedwa kukongola kwa usiku. Ndipo limavomerezedwa ndi agulugufe amtambo - agwape. Limaphukira kwambiri kuyambira kumapeto kwa Meyi mpaka Novembala.
Mirabilis multiflorum (Mirabilis multiflora). © Patrick StandishChisamaliro cha Mirabilis
Mirabilis ndi chomera chojambula kwambiri komanso chotentha kwambiri, ngakhale nthawi yozizira kutentha sikuyenera kugwa pansi pa 15 °. Nthawi yakula kuyambira kumapeto kwa Meyi mpaka Novembala, mbewu zimamwetsedwa katatu pamwezi, ndipo ngati zimayang'aniridwa ndi khonde ladzuwa kapena kuyikidwa m'munda m'malimwe, nthawi zambiri. Kwa nyengo 2-3 nthawi kudya ndi madzi feteleza.
Kuyambira kumapeto kwa Novembala, pomwe pachaka chikufa pang'ono, ndipo mpaka pakati pa Marichi, kukongola kwamadzulo kupumula. Pakadali pano, amathiriridwa madzi miyezi iwiri iliyonse. Mutha kupulumutsa mbewuyo ngati mutachotsa mizu yopyapyala, yiyikeni pang'onopang'ono kwambiri pamtundu wa utuchi komanso sitolo yotsika kwambiri, ngati dahlias.
Chapakatikati, mirabilis yopukutidwa imabzalidwa gawo limodzi lokhala ndi dongo, 1.5 magawo a peat, gawo limodzi la mchenga waukulu wosambitsidwa, zigawo 0.5 za zinyalala zakatsuka, 0,25 mbali ya ufa wa dolomite .
Mirabilis wodziwika bwino (Mirabilis longiflora). © Jerry OldenettelTikugulitsa mirabilis
Mirabilis imafalitsidwa ndi njere, zomwe mu nyengo zathu zimakhazikika pokhoma zokha. Amasungira kumera kwa zaka 3-5. Mbeu zake ndi zazikulu, motero zimabzalidwa 1-2 mumiphika yaying'ono kapena mbale kuti zisakwire pambuyo pake. Amatuluka m'masiku 10-15.
Pofesa, gawo lokhazikika limatengedwa, limakhala gawo limodzi la malo owetera, gawo limodzi la peat yovunda komanso yopanda mbali ndi magawo 1.5 a mchenga wowuma kapena miyala yabwino.
Pambuyo pamiyezi 1-3, mbande zomwe zakula zimabzalidwa gawo lapansi pazomera zazikulu.
Kufalitsa mirabilis ndi zodula. Zodulidwa zokhala ndi nyere zimadulidwa, kudula kumayikidwa kwa ola limodzi, ndikuviika mu ufa wothandiza. Yozika mu kutentha kwa 20-22 ° mu gawo lapansi lopangidwa ndi mbali ziwiri za peat zopanda mbali ndi gawo limodzi la miyala yabwino kwa masiku 10-18. Ndikutentha kochepa, mizu imapanga mofulumira.
Mirabilis Himalayan (Mirabilis himalaicus), tsopano Oxybaphus Himalayan (Oxebaphus himalaicus)Mizu yodulidwa mizere imabzalidwa mumiphika osakaniza wamkulu mbewu. Nthawi yakula, phesi limapanga muzu wakuda, ngati mmera.
Kuphatikiza pa mirabilis, Yalapa ndi mitundu yake ya dimba nayenso ali wamkulu mirabilis wokhala ndi maluwa ambiri (Mirabilis multiflora), Milabilis wa Frabel (Mirabilis froebelii) komanso wokhala ndi maluwa ambiri.
Wolemba: L. Gorbunov
