Mlimi aliyense ali ndi malingaliro ake pa nthawi yabwino kwambiri yobzala udzu. Kuyambika kasupe - koyambirira kwa Marichi kapena kumapeto kwa mwezi wa Seputembala kapena kumapeto kwa Novembala kumakhala ndi mbali zabwino komanso zoyipa. Koma nthawi yotsika mtengo kwambiri kwa nzika za chilimwe, mukatha kubzala udzu, idakali nyengo yakugwa.
Ubwino wa Kubzala Autumn
Yophukira ndi nthawi yabwino yachangu kumera ndi kupangira mizu. Pali zinthu zonse zachilengedwe za izi - ndi dothi lonyowa komanso madzi okwanira ngati mvula, kutentha kwa mpweya pang'ono (mosiyana ndi kutentha ndi kutentha kwa chilimwe).
Kuti mukule udzu wabwino, muyenera nthawi yokwanira kukonzekera nthaka, yomwe sikokwanira mu kasupe, ndipo kumapeto (mutatha kukolola) ndizambiri.
Mu nthawi yophukira, kuchuluka kwa tizirombo patsambalo kumachepa, ndipo udzu wamsongole umasiya kukula.
Mukabzala m'mawa (kuyambira pa Seputembara 1 mpaka 15), udzu wa udzu umakhala ndi mizu yolimba ndikukula mpaka pafupifupi 10 cm ngakhale chisanu woyamba usiku usanachitike. Isanayambe nyengo yozizira kwenikweni, mutha kukhala ndi nthawi yopanga udzu woyamba. Ndikabzala pambuyo pake, pamakhala chiopsezo chakuti mbewu zazing'onoting'ono zimazizira nyengo yachisanu ikadzafika, chifukwa sizidzakula mokwanira.
M'nyengo yachisanu kufesa mbewu za udzu, nthambi zoyambirira zobiriwira zimayamba kumayambiriro kwamasika. Mbewu zikulimbikitsidwa kufesedwa kutentha kwa 0 mpaka 5 digiri Celsius (kumapeto kwa Okutobala - Novembala) ndipo nthawi yomweyo kuphimba ndi mulching wosanjikiza wokhala ndi peat kapena nthaka youma. Mbewu zobiriwira "zimakhwimitsidwa" ndipo mbewu zazing'ono zomwe zimawoneka ngati masika zimatha kumverera bwino pakusintha kwanyengo, ndi chisanu chochepa, nthawi yotentha. Matenda ndi tizirombo ta mbewu zotere ndizowopsa nthawi yayitali.
Kubzala masamba ndi zoperewera zake
Ngati nyengo yotentha yophukira ikukhazikika kwanthawi yayitali, ndiye kufesa nthawi yachisanu kudzayamba kumera isanayambe nyengo yachisanu, kenako mbande zidzafa zisanu zoyambirira.
Njira yofesa udzu udzu sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito madera omwe akukhala otsetsereka, chifukwa nthawi ya masika nyemba zimaswanirana ndi dothi.
Malangizo pobzala udzu m'dzinja
Kubzala udzu kumakhala ndi mfundo zazikuluzikulu zitatu: kukonza malo, kuyika mavalo osiyanasiyana pamtunda, kufesa mbewu.
Kukonzekera kwa tsamba
Kukonzekera kwa dzikolo kumayambira pafupifupi masiku 20-30 nthawi isanayambe kubzala. Wamaluwa omwe sakuchita izi kwa nthawi yoyamba amalangizidwa kuti ayambe ntchitoyi kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Kukonzekerako kumaphatikizapo kukolola miyala ikuluikulu, zinyalala, namsongole, zitsamba zouma ndi kuchotsa chitsa. Ndi namsongole wambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuchiritsa malowa. Atayala malo oti udzu wam'tsogolo, amayamba kukumba malo onse osungiridwawo ndikuyeretsanso zotsalazo zomwe zimapezeka akukulira dothi.
Makina owonjezeramo ngalande adzafunika m'malo amenewo omwe amakhala m'chigwa ndipo madzi osefukira madzi a kasupe. Ndiosavuta kumumanga ngakhale kwa wamaluwa wopanda nzeru. Choyamba muyenera kuchotsa dothi lapamwamba, dzazani malowo ndi zinyalala zomanga zilizonse (mwachitsanzo, njerwa yosweka kapena miyala), kenako dambo lamchenga wosachedwa (pafupifupi 10 cm) ndi dothi lachonde lochotsedwa pamwambapa. Chidutswa chilichonse chimalimbikitsidwa kuti chikulembetsedwe pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe cholumikizira kapena chipika cholowera.
Ntchito feteleza
Ndikofunika kudyetsa dothi m'deralo kuti mubzale udzu pakati pa masiku 7-10. Ma feteleza okhala ndi nayitrogeni okhala ndi michere yambiri kapena mavalidwe apamwamba olinganizidwira kapinga amalimbikitsidwa kuti abalalike pamwamba pamalowo ndikukonzedwa ndi tchire lakuya.
Njira zopangira
Kubzala mbewu kumachitika ndi manja, pogwiritsa ntchito mbewu yofesira kapena hydraulic mmera.
Kubzala mwamanja ndi kotsika mtengo komanso koyenera udzu uliwonse. Nyengo patsiku lofesa iyenera kukhala bata ndi kutentha. Dothi lomwe lili pamalopo liyenera kupukutidwa ndi utsi. Pafupifupi 60-70 g ya mbewu idzafunika pa lalikulu mita. Izi ndizokwera pang'ono kuposa momwe zimakhalira kubzala masika, koma nthawi zambiri zimayenera kubzala udzu mchaka, ngati mbewu zina sizinaphuke.
Zomera zokhala zosakanizika ndi dothi louma kapena mchenga wabwino ziyenera kugawidwa m'magawo awiri ndipo chilichonse chofesedwa mosiyanasiyana. Limodzi m'dera lonselo, ndi enanso. Kubzala kwina kwa njere (ndikulakalaka) ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti kuchitika mozungulira pamphepete pa udzu. Pambuyo pake, pansi ponse pamakutidwa ndi mulching wosanjikiza (wa mchenga wouma, peat kapena utuchi wamatabwa), wothinitsidwa ndi mfuti yofukizira ndipo waphatikizidwa pang'ono ndi chipika chachikulu kapena cholocha chamanja.
Hydrosowing imachitika pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chamakono chamakono - mmera wama hydraulic. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala udzu wa dera lalikulu, komanso m'malo otsetsereka ndi malo ena osatheka kufikako. Zinthu zodzala mbewu, limodzi ndi madzi ndi zakudya zonse zofunika, zimapopanitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito madzi akuthirira pansi pamalo omwe adakonzedweratu. Pakupita maola ochulukirapo, osakaniza amasungunuka, ndipo mbewuzo ndizotetezeka ku tizirombo ndi mphepo zamphamvu.
