Clematis wodabwitsa amaonedwa ngati wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa alimi amakono a maluwa, ndipo mndandanda waukulu wakukwera mbewu iye ndiye woyenera kutengedwa ngati amakonda komanso mfumu ya mipesa! Kusazindikira kwa kugundaku kumatsimikiziridwa ndi maluwa ambiri komanso maluwa ambiri.
Kulima mbewu zamitundu yayikulu-yayikulu kudayamba kugwira ntchito m'zaka za zana la XVIII mpaka pano ndikuyesabe. Zoweta zidakwanitsa kupanga hybrids oyambazomwe zimakwaniritsa zokonda za ngakhale wamaluwa waluso kwambiri. Pakati pawo, maluwa amtali osiyanasiyana komanso nthawi ya maluwa, terry ndi losavuta, laling'ono ndi lalikulu, amapezeka mosavuta. Mitundu yamaluwa iyi imadziwika ndi kukongoletsa kwabwino, komwe kumaphatikizidwa ndi kuphweka kwa kubereka ndi chisamaliro. Izi ndi zomwe zidalimbikitsa chidwi kufalikira kwa maluwa okongola kwambiri pakati pa okongoletsa!
Makhalidwe a Clematis
Duwa "clematis", chithunzi chake chomwe chimawonetsera kukongola kwake, ndi cha banja la ranunculaceae, ndipo lero pali mayina opitilira mazana atatu amitundu iyi. Amakula ku America konse, kupatula ku Antarctica. Clematis ndi wokhalamo nkhalango, mapiri, mitsinje ndi mitsinje!
Dongosolo la mizu lingakhale zopindika kapena zofunika kwambiri, ndipo apa mpoyenera kudziwa kuti kachitidwe koyambirira kamalekerera kupatsirana. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziwa maluwa nthawi yomweyo m'mundamo. Masamba a clematis mitundu ndi osavuta, ophatikizidwa kapena ovuta, okhala ndi masamba atatu, asanu kapena asanu ndi awiri.
Ponena za zipatsozo, zimaperekedwa mwa mitundu ingapo ya ziphuphu zazifupi kapena zazitali zopindika komanso mulomo wowuma. Mutha kutsimikizira izi mothandizidwa ndi chithunzi pa intaneti.
Maluwa nthawi zambiri amakhala a bisexual, osonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence kapena osakwatiwa. Mawonekedwe awo ndi osiyanasiyana - panicle, scutellum, ambulera yapakati. Zisindikizo zimagwira ngati ngale (zinayi mpaka zisanu ndi zitatu, ndipo zamitundu mitundu - mpaka makumi asanu ndi awiri).
Kutenga ndi kusamalira
Kuti clematis ikule bwino, ndikofunikira kuganizira mawonekedwe a mbewu:
- kukonda kuwala ndi malo otetezedwa ndi mphepo;
- amakonda nthaka yamchere pang'ono, chotseka, chonde komanso chokwanira;
- sililekerera lonyowa, acidic, mchere komanso dothi lolemera;
- manyowa atsopano komanso asidi peat amavulaza mbewu.
Musanayambe ntchito yodzala maluwa, ndikofunikira kukonzekera zitsulo za mita ziwiri zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zithandizire liana ngati kuli mphepo yamphamvu. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti clematis siyikulimbikitsidwa kuti ibzalidwe pafupi ndi khoma kapena mpanda, kuti madzi akuyenda kuchokera padenga asawagwere.
Mizu ikakhala youma musanabzalidwe, iyenera kukhala zilowerere kwa maola angapo m'madzi. M'dzenjemo, ikani pansi pang'ono pansi ndi tubercle, ndikugawa mizu kuchokera kumtunda, kenako ndikudzaza ndi dziko ndikupanga chichepetso chaching'ono kuti madzi asayende nthawi yothirira.
Zosamalira mbewu zimaphatikizapo:
- Kutsirira pafupipafupi mu moto osachepera kamodzi pa sabata ndikumasulira nthaka.
- Kuchotsa udzu kokhazikika.
- Mavalidwe apamwamba kamodzi pamwezi (tikambirana nkhaniyi mwatsatanetsatane).
- M'dzinja, isanayambe nyengo yozizira, masamba a mbewuyo ayenera kudulidwa.
Mavalidwe apamwamba oyenera
Zomera zam'mawa zoyambilira zimafunikira kukumana ndi nayitrogeni, ndipo pafupifupi 50% ya izo zimatha kupezeka kuchokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe. Kudyetsa ndizothekanso ndi mitundu ya mchere ya mitundu yambiri ya nayitrogeni. Mutha kukonzekera feteleza motere: ponyani lita imodzi yamadzi ndi supuni ya urea pa ndowa. Chifukwa cha nayitrogeni, duwa limamasula kwambiri ndipo limaphukira msanga.
Masamba asanapangidwe, feteleza wa potaziyamu amafunikira, yemwe amapezeka phulusa ndi mchere wama mineral omwe amagulitsidwa kale. Ngati mukufuna kupanga feteleza nokha, mutha supuni ya "Agricola-7" ndi kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu sulfate ndikuwasungunula mu malita khumi amadzi.
Pakutha kwa Ogasiti, duwa limadzalidwa ndi feteleza wa phosphorous: supuni ziwiri za Agricola zamaluwa zamaluwa zimadulidwa ndi supuni ya superphosphate mumtsuko wamadzi.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Matenda ofala kwambiri amadziwika kuti amalakalaka. Itha kuzindikirika ndikuletsa masamba apical. Ngati palibe chitachitika, misa yochulukitsa mphukira ndi tchire lonse liyamba. Choyamba muyenera kudula nthambi zodwala, kenako kuthirira chitsamba ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate.
Mavuto akulu kwambiri a clematis amatha chifukwa cha tizirombo. Nematode amadya mizu ndipo chomera sichitha kulandira madzi, chifukwa chake chimayamba kufuna. Tsamba la kukula likuyenera kupetedwa ndi nematicides.
Ngati pakutha pa nyengo mitundu yakuda ya necrosis imera pa masamba, yankho la mkuwa sulfate (1%) lingakuthandizeni.
Kodi amasankhidwa bwanji?
Maluwa awa ndi osiyanasiyana m'mitundu yawo, mitundu ndi mitundu, koma masiku ano amasankhidwa nthawi zambiri kuti akhale osavuta kusiyanitsa mbewu ndi magawo. Chifukwa chake, ndizosavuta kusankha ukadaulo woyenera waulimi.
- Clematis Jacquman ndi mtengo waukulu wa shrub wokhala ndi mphukira mpaka mamita anayi m'litali mwake komanso mizu yolimba bwino. Maluwa a Jacquman ndi akulu, monga zikuwonetsedwa ndi zithunzi zambiri. Maluwa a Jacqueman amtundu wamtambo-wamtambo wamtambo amadziwika ndi kusowa fungo. Maluwa ambiri a Jacquman amadziwika pa mphukira za chaka chino. M'nyengo yozizira, amadulira nthaka.
- Clematis Vititsella ndi shrubby wamitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi mphukira mpaka mamita 3.5 kutalika. Maluwa amatsegulidwa ndipo ambiri amapaka utoto wapinki ndi wofiira. Maluwa onyentchera komanso ochulukirapo amapezeka pa mphukira zazing'ono.
- Clematis Lanuginoza ndi mpesa wa shrubby wosiyanasiyana wokhala ndi mphukira zoonda mpaka mamita 2.5. Duwa lake ndi lalikulu komanso lalikulu. Colouring ikhoza kukhala yoyera kapena yamtambo. Chomera chamtunduwu chimadziwika ndi maluwa pa mphukira za chaka chatha. Ngati kudulira kumachitika m'dzinja, ndiye kuti chaka chamawa maluwa adzachitika theka lachiwiri la chilimwe.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya clematis kudera la Moscow
Ngati mutsatira malamulo a ukadaulo waulimi, mitundu ya clematis yoyenera dera la Moscow nthawi zambiri imatha kulekerera kutentha ndi chisanu nthawi yachisanu. Ndikofunikira kuti muzitha kusankha bwino pakati pa mitundu mazana atatu amitundu mitundu yomwe ili yoyenera kwambiri malinga ndi kufotokozerako nyengo yachisanu komanso yachidule.
Clematis yaku dera la Moscow imawonetsedwa pagulu lina, kufotokoza kwa mitundu yomwe zithunzi ndi zithunzi zimapezeka mosavuta pa intaneti. Tikupereka masankho athu achidule a clematis otchuka, omwe amatsimikiziridwa ndi wamaluwa pochita:
- Nelly Moser - Clematis ndi pinki yopepuka yamaluwa akulu obiriira mawonekedwe. Pa chilichonse pamiyala yomwe ili pakatikati pamadutsa utoto wofiirira, ndipo utoto umakwera pakati. Ndizosatheka kufotokoza kukongola m'mawu - ndibwino kuti muwone pachithunzichi. Maluwa amayamba kumayambiriro kwamasika pa mphukira zomwe zidapulumuka nthawi yozizira ndipo zimatha chilimwe chonse. Tchire sugonjetsedwa ndi matenda, ndipo nthawi yozizira imafunikira malo abwino okhala.
- Mfumukazi Jeepsey - zosiyanasiyana clematis ndi mphukira mpaka mamita asanu kutalika. Chomera chongokhala bwino sichimalola kuwunika mwachindunji, monga mitundu ina yambiri. Maluwa ofiira owoneka ngati buluu amaveka chisoti chachifumu kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa masika mpaka chisanu. Chomera chosasamala nthawi zambiri chimaloleza kusintha kwa kutentha ndipo chimagwirizana ndi matenda a fungus.
- Niobe - osiyanasiyana ndi maluwa akuluakulu ofiira ofiira, omwe poyambirira maluwa amakhala pafupifupi akuda. Pawiri, amafika masentimita 15 ndipo amawoneka mphukira zazing'ono mu Meyi - Julayi, ndipo atadulira, amaphukiranso mu Seputembala - Okutobala. Duwa lotchuka padziko lonse lapansi limatanthawuza kufunikira kwa feteleza, kuphatikiza ndi kumasula dothi. Tchire silili lotalikirapo, koma korona wake ndiwotupa komanso wophukira.
- General Sikorski - Clematis wokhala ndi maluwa okongola a buluu-lalac, mthunzi wake womwe umasintha pansi pa kuwala kwachilengedwe. Maluwa akulu amapezeka pa mphukira zazing'ono. Mitundu iyi imalephera kuthana ndi matenda ndipo imakonda kukula m'malo opanda mthunzi.
- Elegy - Zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi maluwa oyambira komanso aatali (Julayi - Okutobala). Ngati mungayang'anire bwino feteleza ntchito ndikukhala ndi dongosolo labwino loyendera, maluwa amakhala ambiri. Danga lamdima la lilac limafika masentimita 14. Mpesa wapakati umakula mpaka mamita atatu ndi theka.
Luther Burbank - clematis wamkulu wokhala ndi mphukira zambiri zokutidwa ndi maluwa akuluakulu a violet omwe amafika pamtunda wa masentimita 25. Makapu amaluwa ndi otseguka, ndipo mafupa ozungulira ali ndi m'mphepete. Maluwa amapitilira chilimwe chonse mpaka nthawi yoyamba chisanu. Zosiyanasiyana, monga Clematis Jacquman, sizimakonda zosinthika. Mtundu womwe umasankhidwa kwambiri ndi pang'ono zamchere.- Rouge Cardinal - mitundu ya chic yokhala ndi maluwa ofiira ofika mpaka 20 cm. Mitundu yozungulira ya duwa imakhala yotalikirapo, ndipo pakati pali zonenepa. Mbewuyo ndi yaying'ono, motero imaphukira ndikupanga chitsamba chotsika komanso chotsika. Pankhani ya chisamaliro choyenera komanso nyengo yachisanu, maluwa amatuluka chilimwe chonse ndimtambo wokutidwa ndi maluwa.
- Anastasia Anisimova - Clematis ndi kutalika kwa chapakati chopendekera mpaka mamita 2.5. Maluwa okhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu abuluu opepuka, omwe amapotozedwa, amatha nthawi yonse yotentha. Ngati mungadyetse bwino ndi kuthiriridwa bwino ndi clematis, mutha kupanga chithunzi chowoneka bwino cha chithunzi pamtunda wobiriwira wamasamba. Duwa ili ndi lolimba komanso losasamala ndipo limafuna kudulira kwa nthawi yophukira. Nthawi zambiri clematis iyi imagulira mitengo yonyamula mitengo ndi makonde.
Luther Burbank - clematis wamkulu wokhala ndi mphukira zambiri zokutidwa ndi maluwa akuluakulu a violet omwe amafika pamtunda wa masentimita 25. Makapu amaluwa ndi otseguka, ndipo mafupa ozungulira ali ndi m'mphepete. Maluwa amapitilira chilimwe chonse mpaka nthawi yoyamba chisanu. Zosiyanasiyana, monga Clematis Jacquman, sizimakonda zosinthika. Mtundu womwe umasankhidwa kwambiri ndi pang'ono zamchere.
