Tsikas kapena, monga momwe amatchedwanso, "Cygnus kanjedza" ndi m'modzi mwa oimira banja la a Cycas, kuphatikizapo mitundu 20. Ichi ndi mbewu yakale kwambiri, yomwe mbiri yakale imayesedwa kuti ndi Japan.
Kukula pang'onopang'ono ndi chikhalidwe cha ma cicas, masamba ake sapitilira mita imodzi, komabe, amatchuka kwambiri chifukwa chokongoletsa kwambiri masamba.
Mitundu ya Cycas
Tsikas Revolution (cicada akuwombera) ndi yaying'ono, mogwirizana ndi yomwe yapeza ulemu wapadera m'mabwalo a alimi a maluwa. Mphukira yaying'ono yokhotakhota yamtunduwu imavala korona wopangidwa ndi masamba a ma korosi a 10-15 a mtundu wobiriwira.
Ziphuphu zooneka ngati nkhono (curled cicas) ili ndi miyeso yayikulu poyerekeza ndi m'mbuyo. Masamba ake kuchokera pakati mpaka kumtunda m'chigawo chapakati cha mtsempha amakhala ndi minga.
Cycas pafupi ndi mitundu yakale, imamera ku Madagascar. Munthawi zachilengedwe, kutalika kwake kumatha kufika 10 metres, pomwe kumtunda kwa chomera nthawi zambiri kumakhala nthambi, ndipo mbewu ndizofanana ndi dzira la tsekwe!
Siamese cicadas imafalikira mpaka kutalika kwa 1.8 metres. Koma kutalika kwa pepala lake kukhoza kukhala mamita 1.2 (m'lifupi - osapitirira 20 cm).
Rcs Cycas amakula ku Sri Lanka, ku India, Indonesia ndi Papua New Guinea. Kwa mitunduyi, popanda kukokomeza, kukula kwakukulu kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe - oposa 15 mita.
Cicas crescent Idatchedwa choncho chifukwa cha kupindika kwa masamba ake, omwe amaphatikizidwanso - glossy kutsogolo ndikuwoneka kumbuyo.
Tsikas chisamaliro chakunyumba
Mosiyana ndi zochitika zachilengedwe kunyumba, cicada wamkati amangokhala kutalika kwa 1.5 metres, kutalika kwa masamba ake ndi masentimita 50. Ngakhale iwo amakula pang'onopang'ono, amakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri ndi chisamaliro choyenera - zaka mazana angapo!
Mtengowo uli m'gulu la zithunzi, choncho uyenera kuyikidwa kokha kumwera kwa nyumbayo, komwe imamverera bwino, ngakhale pakakhala dzuwa. M'nyengo yotentha, cypress imayikidwa pa khonde kapena m'munda, kuti kuwala kumawonjezereka pang'onopang'ono (apo ayi mtengo wa kanjedza ungayake, makamaka masanawa). Pamalo pomwe cicada ili, sikuyenera kukhala kukonzekera ndi mphepo zamphamvu, koma kukhala panja palokha kumawunikira ndikuwonjezera kukula kwake.
Kutentha kokwanira kuti kumere mu chirimwe komanso mu nyengo yanthawi isanakwane 20 ℃, mulingo wa chinyezi uyenera kukulitsidwa, womwe umakwaniritsidwa mwa kupopera ndi kutsuka fumbi kuchokera pazomera pansi pa bafa osachepera kawiri m'masiku 14. Kuchita ulimi wamtundu uliwonse, kaya kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, kuthirira, ndi zina, musalole madzi kulowa pa mtima, komwe kumalimbikitsidwa kuphimba ndi polyethylene kuti masamba okha azikhala otseguka.
Zamia ndi woimira banja la a Cycas, ali ndi mawonekedwe okongola, omwe amamulola kukhala wokongoletsa amoyo wamkati. Mutha kupeza malingaliro onse ofunikira chisamaliro chaunyumba m'nkhaniyi.
Tsikas kuthirira
Zofunikira kuthirira sizochepera. Monga momwe ikukhalira padziko lapansi ndi chinyezi, komanso m'mene ziyuma, kufa kumawopsezedwa ndi cicasus. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kutsatira kawirikawiri kuthirira kamodzi pa masiku 7 aliwonse nthawi yachilimwe.
Madzi atenthedwe pang'ono ndikukhazikika kwa maola osachepera 12. Kukula kwa kuthirira nthawi yachilimwe-nthawi yachilimwe kuyenera kuwerengedwa pamaziko kuti njira yotsatira isanaperekedwe dothi liyenera kuwuma pang'ono.
Ndikofunika kuti chinyontho chikhale chokwanira pang'onopang'ono, ndipo madzi owonjezera amayenera kutuluka kuchokera pomwe amapopera madzi patatha mphindi 20-30 atathilira. Ngati matenthedwe amlengalenga atakwera mu 20 stre, ndiyofunika kutulutsa chikwama ndi miyala yofinya.
Malangizo oyambira zipatso
Nthaka iyenera kudutsa madzi bwino, osalowerera kapena pang'ono acidic. Kubzala nthawi zambiri kumachitika ndi dothi la kanjedza, lomwe lingagulidwe ku malo ogulitsa maluwa. Ndipo kuti mupange gawo lapansi nokha, muyenera kusakaniza magawo awiri a nthaka yanthaka ndi nthaka yamtundu, humus, peat ndi mchenga (zonsezo zoyambirira). Kuphatikiza apo, pamtunda wa ngalande mudzafunika miyala ing'onoing'ono kapena shards yodala.
Musanabzale cicadas pamakonzedwe okonzedwayo, ndikofunika kuphera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pakumathira madzi owiritsa kapena kuwasungitsa kwa mphindi 15 mpaka mu uvuni wothira kutentha kwa 200 ℃. Chifukwa chake mutha kuchepetsa kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa matenda ena, omwe tidzakambirana pambuyo pake.
Tsikas kupatsira kunyumba
Kuika cicas asanakwanitse zaka 5 kuyenera kuchitika chaka chilichonse kumapeto kwa chaka, ndiye kuti zaka zina zilizonse za 3-4 ndi kubwezeretsa kwina kwa chaka chilichonse.
Mukachotsa chomera ichi, ndikofunikira kuti musagwedezeke ndikutsuka mizu, komanso kupitilirabe kudzala kotero kuti bump ili pansi. Zosakanikirana pamwambazi ndizoyenera ngati gawo lapansi, musaiwalenso za mawonekedwe a ngalande.
Miphika ya cicas
Tsikas ikufunika kunyamula mphika wotere kuti mulingo wake usakhale waukulu kwambiri kuti nthaka yopanda chonde ikhale chonde chodzaza dziko lapansi, muyenera kuisintha mukangodzaza pokhapokha ngati danga lomwe limakhalako laling'ono.
Poyamba, chotengera chotalika masentimita angapo mulifupi mwake kuyerekeza ndi kutalika kwa tsinde la chomera komanso kuya kwa 2-2,5 mainchesi (mwachitsanzo, ndi mainchesi 20 cm, kuya kwake ndi 40-50 cm) ndi koyenera.
Feteleza kwa ma cicas
Kuyambira pakati pa kasupe mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe, ndiye kuti, pakukula, mtengo wa kanjedza wa mkuyu uyenera kudyetsedwa kawiri m'masiku 30. Pachifukwa ichi, gwiritsani feteleza wa kanjedza, wachikhalidwe wophatikizira feteleza wazomera zam'mimba (wopanda calcium ndi magnesium salt) ndi organics mu mawonekedwe a manyowa owuma a ng'ombe.
Pofika nthawi yophukira, pafupipafupi komanso momwe amavalira pamwamba amayenera kuchepetsedwa - mpaka nthawi 1 m'masiku 30 ndi theka, motsatana. Mtengowo umayankha bwino feteleza wa orchid ndi cactus. Musanagwiritse ntchito feteleza, muyenera kumunyowetsa nthaka, apo ayi mizu ikhoza kutentha. Ndikosatheka kuphatikiza cycad yodwala, nthawi yozizira, ndikangokhala ndikusintha, ndikusowa kwa kuyatsa komanso kutentha pang'ono.
Cicas pachimake
Tsikas ndi imodzi mwazomera zomwe maluwa ake amatuluka kwambiri kunyumba. Ngati izi zidachitika ndi chozizwitsa china mutakula mumphika, mapangidwe a mbewu zazikulu za lalanje masentimita 3-5 zimawonedwa kumtunda kwa thunthu mwa akazi (ma cicas - dioecious).
Komabe, ndizokayikitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobereka, chifukwa izi zimafunikira malo obiriwira komanso luso lapadera.
Kudulira
Kapangidwe ka cygnus ndi mawu opanda pake, koma kudulira kuyenera kuchitidwa (mwanjira yaukhondo). Zimangotengera kuchotsedwa kwa masamba akale akufa ndi masamba owonongeka masamba.
Zochita ngati izi zimachitika ndi magolovesi, chifukwa cicada ili ndi poizoni. Komanso, kupezeka kwa nyama ndi ana kuyenera kukhala kochepa kwambiri.
Tsikas m'nyengo yozizira
M'nyengo yozizira, nthawi yopuma yamakoko imabwera. Kutentha koyenera panthawiyi ndi 15 ℃ (osachepera), ndipo ndibwino kwambiri kuti nthaka isamatenthe kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ozungulira.
Chomera chimakonda kukhala pafupi ndi dzinja komwe chimakhala chotentha ndi chowunikira chowonjezerapo ndi ma fitolamp apadera. Mulingo wachiwiri maola masana, omwe sayenera kukhala ochepera maola 12-14.
Kuthirira pa nthawi ino sikuyenera kukhala kopitilira 1 mu masiku 10, nthaka pakati kuthirira ayeneraume ndi gawo limodzi. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chomwe chomera chimasiyanasiyana kutengera kutentha ndi kuwunikira, chifukwa chake, pofika kumapeto kwa kasupe, madziwo akuyenera kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, monga momwe amachepera chisanachitike nyengo yachisanu.
Tsikas kuswana kunyumba
Mwa njira ziwiri zomwe zilipo zokulitsa cicas mchipinda - mbeu ndi ana - ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito yobiriwira, popeza mbewu zodzikulitsa ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri. M'malo mwake, ana amafalitsa mbewu iyi, mothandizidwa ndi aliyense.
Tsikasa imapatsa pamiyendo yawo mitengo yaying'ono ngati mababu. Njirazi mu theka lachiwiri la dzinja kapena kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachisanu ziyenera kudulidwa mosamala (ndibwino kusankha iwo omwe mainchesi ake ndi ofanana kapena akulu kuposa 3 cm), okonzedwa mu fungicide ndikuwuma kwa maola 24. Pambuyo pa izi, ana ali okonzeka kubzala mu chisakanizo cha mchenga, komwe adzazika mizu miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi kuthirira pang'ono.
Musanayambe njira yopatulira thunthu ndi thunthu, ndikofunikira kuyeretsa koyamba pamatopewo, ndikulekanitsa kuyenera kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito disel yomwe yawonongeka, kuyesera kuti isavulaze chomera. Pambuyo podula bala la chomera chachikulire, amathandizidwa ndi parafini, mitundu yam'munda kapena fung fung, ndipo mpaka kuchiritsidwa kumachitika, kuthiriridwa ndi madzi mosamala, kuteteza malo odulidwa kuti asamwe madzi.
Mapulogalamuwa samapwetekanso kukonzanso mchikulitsa chakukula. Zoyerekeza zazing'ono zimawonetsa kuzika kwamizu pakumwazika kwambiri, pamthunzi pang'ono komanso pamtunda wa 28-30 ℃. Ana akangozika mizu, amazidulira ndikusakaniza ndi dothi labwino.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Tizirombo tating'onoting'ono kwambiri ta cicas timaganiziridwa zishango ndi kuponyakukhazikika pa masamba ake, petioles ndi thunthu. Zotsatira za "kuwukiridwa" kwawo zikuwonekera kuwonongeka kwa masambamaphunziro pa iye chikasu (nthawi zina wofiirira) mawanga, kuyanika ndikugwa.
Tiziromboti timachotseka ndi nsalu yofewa, ndipo ngati nthendayo yayamba kugwira ntchito kwambiri - chithandizo ndi karbofos kapena actellik (madigiri 15 mpaka 40 pa lita imodzi yamadzi).
Mwa matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa chosamalira bwino chomera, ndikofunikira kuwonetsa kutalika ndi kufalikira kwa masambakutha mwina ndi kufa kwake, kapena kuchepa msanga kwa mbewu kwa zaka. Izi ndichifukwa chosowa magetsi.
Ngati simusungitsa nthawi yozizira pachilimwe, akhoza kuzichita. masamba oponya.
Ndipo vuto lomwe lili ponseponse ndi muzu wowola ndi caudex (kutsika kwa thunthu). Munakumana nacho, muyenera kuchotsa chikhatho mosamala mumtsuko, kugwedeza gawo lapansi kuchokera kumizu, kulekanitsa madera onse ndi khungu lakuda, kudera lakuda ndi kufewetsa pogwiritsa ntchito mpeni wosalala, ndikuyika chomera m'nkhokwe yosungunuka kwa mphindi 30.
Kenako gawo lililonse limakonkhedwa ndi makala ophwanyika ndipo chomera chimasiyidwa kuti chiume kwa maola angapo. Pambuyo pa mankhwalawa, cicada amabzalidwa m'nthaka yatsopano chosawilitsidwa, yothira musanabzike mizu yake mu zolimbikitsira zopanga mizu. Ngati atenga mizu kutaya masamba ake - izi ndi zachilendo, chifukwa pakadali pano akuchira matendawa.
