Kusintha kwa mbewu zamkati mutagula

Wodzigulitsa maluwa aliyense amayenera kukumana ndi moyo wina pomwe chomera chapamwamba chamnyumba, chogulidwa mu shopu yamaluwa, sichingafanane ndi ziyembekezo. Mavuto ndiofala kwambiri pazomera zopanda zipatso, zachikulire, zakunja ndi maluwa; koma masamba okongoletsa Spartans nthawi zambiri sangathe kupulumutsa. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu afe kapena kutaya kukongoletsa nthawi zonse kumakhala kokwanira kapena pang'ono pokhudzana ndi chisamaliro choyipa poyambira (mutagula). Kupatula apo, mbewu zodulidwa zamkati zimafunika kusinthasintha kosinthika ndi nyumba yatsopano. Ndipo ngati mukulakwitsa posamalira koyambirira - mwayi wopeza bwino zomwe mukusonkhanazi udzacheperachepera.

Kusankhidwa kwa zokongoletsera zamkati m'nyumba yogulitsa.

Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza kuthekera kwa chomera kuti tisamangokongola, kupitiliza maluwa kapena kusataya masamba m'malo atsopano, koma kungopulumuka. Ndipo ambiri aiwo sangathe kuyang'anira wolimayo. Malo ena ogulitsa maluwa nthawi zambiri amasamalira mbewu ndi zoletsa zaminga, amagwiritsa ntchito feteleza komanso zokupatsani mphamvu, ndipo nthawi zonse amazichitira mbewu ndi fungicides ndi phytohormones, zimakulitsa mumikhalidwe yapadera yomwe imawalola kuti azikhala okongoletsa komanso "mawonekedwe". Motere, malo ogulitsa maluwa ambiri ndiosiyana ndi maluwa: pali zinsinsi zambiri pakusunga zatsopano ndi kukongola kwa mbewu zomwe zimasiya kugwira ntchito mbewu zikangolowa m'manja mwa wogula. Koma ngakhale tikulankhula m'mashopu odalirika komanso odalirika a maluwa okhala ndi mbiri yabwino, momwemo mulibe. Zomera zake, kwenikweni, zili m'malo ofanana ndi maluwa obzala maluwa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikika komanso nthawi zambiri kuyatsa kwanyumba, chinyezi chachikulu komanso kuvala kwapafupipafupi. M'masitolo akuluakulu, amuna okongola samalandira chisamaliro chofunikira, m'misika amakhala ndi mavuto chifukwa cha nyengo. Ndipo nthawi zonse, mbewu ikagwera munyumba zabwinobwino ndipo zinthu zakumwambazi zikasiya, mkhalidwe wake weniweni umawululidwa. Ndipo nthano zomwe mbewu zimatsala pang'ono kusungira, zochulukirapo kuposa zoperewera zenizeni zogulidwa.

Kuopa kugula mbewu sikofunikira. Zomera zambiri zamkati zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati sizimamera zokha, koma zimagulidwa. Ndipo ngati m'nyumba mwathu mudakali zinyama zobiriwira, ndiye kuti kuzisungira sizinthu zosatheka komanso zovuta. Choyamba, muyenera kukumbukira kuti simusunga chomera, koma ndikuthandizira kuti zisinthe. Simuyenera kuopa nthano zokhuza malo oti mayendedwe sangayendetsedweko, momwe mulibe malo oyenera mbewu, kapena kuti samathandizidwa ndi zoletsa kapena zopatsa mphamvu, kapena kusintha kwa zinthu zina. Ngakhale chomera chofowoka kapena chodzetsedwa bwino ndikusinthidwa moyenera chidzapulumuka, ndipo pakapanda kukhalapo, chimafadi. Chifukwa chake, malamulo oyang'anira chisamaliro cha mbewu sayenera kuphwanyidwa, ndipo zofunikira zonse zofunikira ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa.

Kusintha mbewu zomwe zinagulidwa mkati molingana ndi mitundu yonse yovomerezeka, muyenera kusamalira zinthu zitatu zofunika kwambiri:

1. Zokhudza zoyendera zoyenera ndi kutsatira miyezo yonse yoyendera ndi kusankha mbewu.
2. Pazakusintha kwakukulu.
3. Pakuyambira kwa kusamalidwa kwadongosolo.

Kusintha kwa mbewu zogulidwa m'nyumba.

Kugula ndi kutumiza ndi gawo loyamba

Njira yoyenera yogulira, yanzeru komanso yanzeru ndiko chitsimikiziro chabwino cha chipambano. Inde, mbewu zamkati, choyambirira, zimasankhidwa ndi mtima. Koma kwenikweni, kusankha kuyenera kukhala, choyambirira, chothandiza. Kukongola ndi kusasokoneza ndikwabwino pokhapokha ngati titha kupatsa mbewuzo ndi zosowa ndi chisamaliro. Ndikofunikira kuyesa molondola malo omwe adzaperekeko, kaya ndi osasinthasintha kalembedwe komanso kukula kwake, ngati angakwanitse zosakanikirana, ngati padzakhala kuwala kokwanira komanso ngati kutentha kuli koyenera. Kuchokera pazinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi monga mawonekedwe amtundu ndi momwe amawonera madera kuti akhale "zinthu zazing'ono" monga mawonekedwe a masamba ndi mtundu wa mawonekedwe - ndikofunikira kulingalira zonse.

Ngakhale kuti kubzala chomera kunyumba kumaganiziridwa kuti ndi gawo logula, ndizosintha momwe mbewu zimayambira. Kukula kwa chomera kudzatengera kuti mumayiwala malamulo a phukusi, ngakhale mutasamalira chomera mosamala komanso ngati mukuganizira zinthu zonse. Ndipo adzakhaladi. Ngakhale kuyenda khomo ndi khomo kumakhalabe nkhawa kwa mbewu. Ndipo ntchito ya wofesayo ndikuchepetsa. Kusamala, bungwe labwino komanso kusowa kwothamanga ndiye othandizira abwino kwambiri.

Kukonzanso kuyenera

Mukabweretsa chomera kunyumba, musathamangire kuti chikhale pomwepo. Musanasankhe kuyatsa, ngodya yokongola ndikuwunika momwe chipinda chokhala ndi munthu wokongola amawonekera, muyenera kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa mbewu yomwe idavutika panthawi ya mayendedwe. Koma kuyendera kuli bwino osapitako.

Mukabweretsa chikhalidwe chamkati kunyumba kwanu, musathamangire kuchotsa ma CD. Pano, mfundo yomweyo "imagwira ntchito" monga momwe amagwirira ntchito zapakhomo: lolani kuti kutentha "kuzimiririka" ndikuteteza mbewu pakusiyana. Ingosiyani chomeracho phukusi lake kwa mphindi 30 mpaka 40 kapena kuposerapo pamalo ena ozizira kwambiri a mnyumbamo. Chifukwa chakuyembekeza kosavuta kuchotsa pepala kapena kanema, simupanga china chowonjezera. Ngati chomera chikuwopa kukonzanso komanso kukonzekera, chizitha "kukhazikika pansi", kubwerera pazachilendo pang'ono isanayesedwe.

Kuyendera palokha sikuchitika mosamala monga pogula chomera: mukungoyenera kuyesa kuchuluka kwavulala panthawi yoyendera. Chojambulacho chimachotsedwa mosamala pachomera, ndikuchigwira bwino pang'ono, ndikuyang'ana mphukira, masamba ndi maluwa. Ngati mukuazindikira kuti gawo lina la chomera lawonongeka, lawoloweka kapena litayilidwa - ndibwino kuchotsa tsamba kapena masamba nthawi yomweyo. Zowonongeka sizidzabwezeretsedwa, ndipo chomeracho, mwadzidzidzi, chitha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi zinthu zawo pa iwo. Onetsetsani kuti mwakonza magawo onse omwe mumakakamizidwa kuti muchite, ngati mabala ena - omwe ali ndi mafuta apadera kapena makala ongophwanyika.

Osathamangira mutatulutsa madzi nthawi yomweyo. M'malo mwake, ndibwino kuti musazigwiritse ntchito kwa masiku awiri atatu mpaka mbewuzo zitasinthidwa pang'ono kuti zitheke komanso kutentha. Kupatula kokha ndi gawo louma kwambiri. Mukamasula ndi kuyendera, fufuzani ngati dothi lonyowa lili pakatikati. Ngati chovala chapamwamba pokha ndi chowuma, dikirani osachepera 1 tsiku musanatsirire. Ndipo ngati dothi lonyowa, ndiye kuti muchepetse kuthirira kwa masiku angapo.

Kusamalira mbewu zodula zamkati.

Nthawi yosinthira yofewa munthawi ya "sing'anga"

Masabata oyambilira atagula, mbewu zowonjezera nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa gawo lokhalokha. Ndipo dzina lotere ndilabwino. Zomera siliyenera kungosokoneza bongo, komanso kuikidwa kutali ndi mbewu zina zamkati. Kupatula apo, nthawi zina matenda ndi tizirombo sizingadziwike, ndipo zolakwika zochepa pakuwunikira zingasanduke vuto lonse. Zomera za nthawi yokhala patokha ndikuzisintha zimayikidwa padera, kutali ndi mbewu zina zilizonse, kuyang'anira bwino zovuta za masamba, mphukira, masamba. Koma kudziwa ngati chikhalidwe chimayambukiridwa ndi tizirombo kapena matenda ndi mbali imodzi yanyengo ino. Kupatula apo, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri mmenemo ndi chofewa komanso chosalala kuti chizikhala chomera komanso chosadziwika bwino.

Kuti chomera chitha kupulumuka nyengo yakusangalatsidwa kosapweteka, imayenera kupereka zochitika zapakati - zonse pakuwunikira ndi kutentha. Osaika nthawi yomweyo mbewu m'malo okhazikika komanso kutentha kwawo. Ndikofunika kuyika mbewu zamkati kuti izikhala yofunda kapena m'malo ocheperako - kutentha osakhala okwanira kuposa 18-20 digiri Celsius kapena ozizira ngati mbewuyo singathe kuzizira. Zomera ziziyikidwa kutali ndi zida zamagetsi komanso mosamala momwe zingathere kuteteza kukonzekera, kayendedwe kabungwe kabwino ka mpweya: malo omwe azitha kusintha nthawi yolowera ayenera kukhala olimba momwe angathere.

Zowunikira zimasankhidwanso pakati pazosankha "zofewa" kwambiri. Onaninso zokonda zanu ndikusankha kuwala kochepera. Ngati chikhalidwecho chimafuna kuwala kowala kwambiri, kumawonekera m'malo owala ndi kuwala kosayatsidwa. Ngati akumva bwino pang'onopang'ono komanso mumthunzi wocheperako, amawonekera mumthunzi wocheperako, ndipo zikhalidwe zololera mthunzi siziyikidwa pakuwala, koma mwamithunzi. Kuwala kwamadzulo sikuloledwa pachikhalidwe chilichonse chomwe changofika kunyumba kwanu.

Gawo lachitatu lomwe muyenera kulabadira ndi chinyezi. Ngati simunagule wokhala m'chipululu, ndiye kuti muyenera kuwonjezera chinyezi kuti mutha kusintha momwe mungathere. Kuuma, komanso mpweya wouma kwambiri ungakhale chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuchotsa masamba, kuyanika kumapeto kwa masamba ndi kufalikira kwa matenda ndi tizilombo toononga pachomera chovuta. Zambiri mwazomera zomwe zimakhala zofananira ndi malo obiriwira mitengo musanagule, ndikuwonjezera chinyezi kungathandize kuzolowera pang'ono pang'ono kumalo atsopano. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pafupipafupi kapena kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo okhala ndi zaluso ndi mafakitale kumapangitsa malo abwino osinthira. Zomera zabwino kwambiri zitha kuikidwa "pansi pa hood" m'malo obisalamo kwa masiku awiri.

Mutabzala mbewu kwa nthawi yosinthira, yesani kuvutitsa pang'ono. Osakonzanso chikhalidwe komanso osatembenuza miphika, osasamba masamba, osagwiritsa ntchito miyeso ina ndikuyesetsa kupewa kukhudzana konse. Yang'anirani chinyezi cha dothi komanso kusunga chinyezi koma chosasintha (ndikwabwino kuti musankhe njira yofananira ndi kuunikira - chinyezi chocheperako chovomerezeka pazomera zina). Musawope kuti mbewuzo zingakhale zochepa pang'ono, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake okhumudwa kapena zizindikiro zina zodetsa nkhawa: ngati mupatsa mbewuyo nthawi yoti izolowere nyumba yatsopano, itha kuthana ndi mavuto ngati amenewa. Ndizoyenera kuziwona ngati zizindikilo zaumoyo wathanzi pomwe, ngakhale atatsiriza kuzolowera, pali zizindikiro zomveka zosokoneza ndi kuwonongeka.

Nthawi yosinthira muzinthu zapakatikati iyenera kupitilira mpaka chizindikiro cha kukula ndi chitukuko. Kutalika kochepa ndi masiku 3-5, mulingo woyenera ndi masabata awiri.

Chiyambitsi cha chisamaliro chokwanira

Ikatha nthawi yosinthira, mbewuzo zimayikidwa muzaka zomwe mudzazikulitsa mtsogolo; Amayikidwa pamalo okhazikika ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira pazokongoletsa zamkati. Koma kupambana kopambana komanso kuchuluka kwa mbewu yomwe idagulitsidwa kudzakusangalatsani mopitilira kutengera chisamaliro. Masamba a mbewu zomwe mwapeza ndi zowopsa kwambiri kuposa mbewu kapena zodulira zokha. M'malo mwake, kusinthasintha sikungachitike kwa miyezi ikubwerayi.

Zomera pambuyo poti zizolowere koyamba, ndikofunikira kutsimikizira kuyang'anira pafupipafupi, kuyang'ana pafupipafupi, mosamala mavuto aliwonse. Kuthirira, zizindikiro zanyontho zam'mlengalenga ziyenera kufanana ndendende zomwe mbewu zimakonda. Mavalidwe apamwamba a mbewu zogulidwa sizikuchitika pakadutsa miyezi 1-2 mutagula (chosankha chimakhala chomera chamaluwa, chomwe nthawi yomweyo chimakhala chokha chimasinthidwa munthawi yake). Zomera zambiri amazolowera kuvala zovala zapamwamba, chifukwa chake, kukhazikitsa kwawo mu pulogalamu yothandizira kumangowongolera kusintha.

Choopsa kwambiri ndikuika. Ngati mukufuna kusintha poto pazifukwa zokongola, ingoikani chidebecho mu chatsopano kapena chophimba mphika mu njira ina, ndikusintha chomera mu nthawi yoyenera: koyambirira kwam'mawa kapena pomwe kukula kwayamba kumayamba ndipo pokhapokha mbewu ikakonda (ngati chomera chikuwopa kuvulala, ndiye kuti chomeracho chikhala ndikuopa kuvulala) kusunthira mosamala molingana ndi malamulo onse). Kusinthanitsa ndi chinthu choopsa kwambiri. Ngakhale mutasankha chomera mosamala ndipo pali zizindikiro zosowa dothi, ndibwino kuichedwetsa (kumuika) kwa masabata awiri atatha kukhala yokhayokha. Mulimonsemo, musasunthire mbewu mpaka kumapeto kwa kuika kwaokha. Ndipo osatero, nthawi zina zilizonse (kupatula kuwonongeka kwa dothi) osayesa kuchotsa nthaka ngakhale pang'ono - sambani mizu. Zomera sizimazunguliranso nthawi yokhala chete, nthawi ya maluwa komanso maluwa: ambiri mbewu, kuwonjezereka kumatha kuchitika pokhapokha ngati nthawi yayikulu yakukula ndi chitukuko ichitika, nthawi zambiri chaka chamawa (ngati chidebe chili chachikulu komanso chomera sichinadzaze gawo lapansi, ndiye kuti Itha kuyimitsidwa ngakhale kwa zaka 2-3, m'malo mwa prosharok yapamwamba yokha). Zinthu zikafunika kugulitsa chomera mwachangu nthawi yakuwunika (chouma, chinyezi, chokhomedwa ndi dongo, kusakhala bwino kwa gawo lapansi). Ngati mungayang'anire poyang'anira ndikusankha, kuonetsetsa chisamaliro chabwinobwino komanso cholondola, mutha kuwongolera gawo loyimitsa pakati pa njirazi, osanyamula "monga aliyense", zonse zikhala mwadongosolo.

Ngakhale pali mphekesera zambiri komanso malingaliro, malo okhala "osowa" akunja, omwe amalandila madera osankhidwa a Dutch (osati okha), azikhala dothi lanu labwino kwambiri komanso lopumira. Lingaliro la mayendedwe nthaka ya mbewu zambiri kulibe: mbewu zimamera kuchokera pambewu kapena zodulidwa mwanjira yomweyo yomwe mumagula. Kupatula mbewu zazikulu ndi mitengo ya kanjedza, yomwe nthawi zina imasamutsidwira ku chosakanizira chatsopano cha mayendedwe, koma nthawi zonse amachenjezedwa za kukakamiza kwawo kusanachitike. Ndipo kwa mbewu zonse, chilengedwe cha peat, coconut fiber ndi zina zosakanikira zopanda maziko ndizodziwika bwino. Kwa iwo, kusakaniza kwadothi kosasangalatsa kumawalimbikitsa kwambiri. Kuperewera kwa mulingo wazakudya m'dothi momwe mbewu zimagulitsidwira ndi nthano imodzimodzi ndi kulephera kwawo kwamadzi. Ndi zongokhala ndi gawo lokhalokha, kuphwanya malamulo a ulimi wothirira kumakhala kowonekeratu komanso kowopsa: kuthilira kwambiri nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti acidization ndi nkhungu, kusakwanira kapena kusayenderana - kusokoneza kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe a nthaka. Ndipo michere siyabwezeredwa chifukwa chakuwononga zinthu zachilengedwe, koma chifukwa cha feteleza wopitilira kwa nthawi yayitali - chimodzimodzi monga wolimira aliyense angagwiritse ntchito kuti asamale chisamaliro. Mavalidwe osavomerezeka pamtunda wamtundawu amadziwikanso kuti ndi olimba pakufunika kwa feteleza, komanso kuchuluka kwawo.

Ndikofunika kuti muzitha kudulira pazomera zomwe mwapeza osachedwa kuposa miyezi ingapo mutagula. Ndi chovomerezeka pazomera zomwe sizingathenso kachiwiri popanda iwo kapena kufunikira kupangika korona nthawi zonse. Kuchotsa masamba, kusiya maluwa kuti muthe kusintha bwino sikofunikira, kusokonezedwa mwadzidzidzi kumangokulitsa nkhawa pamimba.