Azalea (Azalea) - ndi wa banja la a heather ndipo imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa zitsamba zokongoletsera kwambiri zomwe zimakongoletsa nyumbayo ndi maluwa ambiri. M'malo achilengedwe mutha kupezeka madera akulu ku Europe, North America ndi Asia. Japan ikuwona kuti kukulitsa maluwa amenewa ndi kaphwando. Maluwa adayamba kutchuka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Unalimidwa m'minda ya botanical ndi malo osiyanasiyana ogulitsa.
Ichi ndi masamba obiriwira nthawi zonse, okhala ndi masamba okhala ndi lanceolate, elliptical, masamba ovoid, pubescent mbali zonse ziwiri. Maluwa ndi amtundu umodzi, kuyambira oyera ndi kutha ndi mitundu yonse ya mithunzi yapinki, yofiyira, yofiirira, ya violet, yofiyira njerwa, yosavuta kapena iwiri.
Tsopano azalea ndiofala pakati pa mbewu zamkati, ndipo likufunika kwambiri chifukwa cha maluwa ake osangalatsa modabwitsa. Koma pali tsatanetsatane wowopsa wa chisamaliro ndipo musanalowe duwa kunyumba, muyenera kuzidziwa bwino malamulowa.
Azalea kapena Rhododendron ndi maluwa onenepa kwambiri. Koma pamene maluwa - kukongola kwenikweni. Madera otentha amakula monga mawonekedwe a dimba. Madera ozizira, mmalo mwake, amaunjikitsa. Kusamalira maluwa si nkhani yosavuta. Ngati mwadziwa luso la katswiri wamaluwa, ndiye kuti zikuwoneka zovuta kwambiri kusamalira azaleas. Muyenera kudziwa malamulo ena osamalira azalea, kuti mumve bwino kwambiri. Duwa lidzakusangalatsani ndi maluwa abwino kwambiri komanso moyo wautali.
Kusamalira Azalea Panyumba
Malo ndi kuyatsa
Azalea imayikidwa bwino m'malo owoneka bwino kapena owuma, ndipo kuwala kuyenera kuyimitsidwa, chifukwa sikulolera dzuwa mwachindunji. M'chilimwe, tikulimbikitsidwa kutenga duwa panja.
Kutentha
Kutentha koyenera kwambiri kukula kwa aziliya kuli pafupifupi 12-15 madigiri. Kupanga kutentha kotere si nkhani yosavuta, vutoli ndi lofunika kwambiri m'chilimwe. Chifukwa chake, maluwa a azaleas m'chilimwe ndi chinthu chosowa. Komabe, ndi chisamaliro choyenera, azalea amatha kukula kutentha 20 degrees.
Kuthirira
Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa, koma sayenera kubwanyidwa nthawi zonse. Pakathirira azaleas, ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ofewa. Mutha kusunga ndi madzi osungunuka a chipale chofewa, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito madzi amvula. Ndikofunikanso kuyesa madziwo ndi madzi a mandimu, pafupifupi madontho 10 pa lita imodzi yamadzi. Chomera chimawona bwino madzi ophatikiza ndi okhathamiritsa.
Potulutsa thukuta kwambiri, azalea amatha kutaya masamba ake onse ndi maluwa.
Chinyezi cha mpweya
Kusunga chinyontho chachikulu ndi zina mwazinthu zazikulu pakusamalira azalea. Tsiku lililonse m'mawa maluwa ayenera kuthiriridwa madzi ndikumwazidwa. Mukugwa, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa pang'ono, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndikosowa kwambiri. Ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yotentha, nyumba imakhala youma kwambiri, ndipo pakakhala dzuwa, kupopera kumayambiranso.
Kuti mukhalebe ndi chinyezi chambiri, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito poto yakuya, ndikugwetsa ndi miyala ing'onoing'ono. Kapenanso mutha kugwiritsa ntchito sphagnum moss, ndikuayika pansi pamphika. Thirani madzi mu poto, ndikuyika pamwamba pa mphika wa maluwa.
Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa tsiku lililonse pa maluwa a azalea ndikofunikira. Maluwa ayenera kudonthetsedwa bwino, chifukwa madontho akulu opopera. Ngati nkosatheka kutsuka bwino, muyenera kupewa zonsezo.
Dothi
Kukula azaleas kumafuna acidic nthaka (pH 4-4.5). Dothi la Heather ndi loyenereradi, koma mutha kulisintha ndikusakanikirana ndi malo a coniferous and peat (2: 1) ndikuphatikiza ndi mchenga wocheperako. Azalea amakula bwino mu hydroponics.
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Kudyetsa azaleas mu kasupe ndi chilimwe ndikofunikira kamodzi pa sabata. Monga feteleza, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa azaleas. Mu nthawi yophukira-yozizira, nthawi yophukira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera superphosphate (15 g pa 10 malita a madzi).
Thirani
Zomera zazing'ono zimasulidwa chaka chilichonse, zakale - zaka iliyonse 2-3. Poika azaleas, ndikofunikira kuti tisasokoneze mizu, kotero m'malo motenga, kuyika mbewuyo ndikuwonjezera gawo lapansi mwatsopano ndikulimbikitsidwa. Popeza mizu ya azalea ndi yopanda tanthauzo, miphika yokhayo ndiyomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbale.
Ngati azalea akhwima m'munda wotseguka, ndiye musanayambe kukumba chomera, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyika masokosi a naylon pamphika. Izi zimachitika pofuna kuteteza mbewu ku tizilombo zoipa. Pamaso kubzala mbewuyo isungidwe pamatenthedwe ochepa, pafupifupi madigiri 6-8, pang'onopang'ono kuonjezera mpaka madigiri 12-15. Kuika maluwa osagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena yolakwika atha kuwononga.
Kudulira
Ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse ndi kutsitsa zomwe zimayambira munthawi yake. Kudulira kungachitike kuyambira koyambirira kwa Meyi. Mphukira zonse zofowoka komanso zokhala ndi matalala ziyenera kuchotsedwa, makamaka zomwe zikuyang'ana mkati mwa chipindacho. Kumbukirani: kuthengo kuthengo, kumachepera maluwa. Tsinani mphukira zazing'ono, kusiya masamba 4-5. Zikamera zazing'ono zazing'ono zikafika pafupi ndi maluwa, zimayenera kuchotsedwa.
Mapangidwe a Korona
Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu yopanga korona mu azaleas: shtamb (mtengo wawung'ono wokhala ndi thunthu pafupifupi 20-30 cm) - njira yokongoletsera kwambiri kapena chitsamba - njirayi ndiyosavuta komanso yachilengedwe. Kukonzekera kwa mitundu yoyambirira sikuyenera kuchitika pasanafike pa Marichi-Epulo, chifukwa mitundu yakanthawi - mu Meyi-Juni. Mapangidwe korona amachitika kuti apange chomera chomwe chili ndi korona wokongola komanso wogawana. Mwambiri, kudulira kwapachaka kumatsitsidwa kuti nthambi zonse za chaka chatha zifupikitsidwe ndipo nthambi zowonjezera, zofowoka kapena zofota kwambiri zimachotsedwa kwathunthu.
Maluwa osamalira
Kuti maluwa azikhala nthawi yayitali, azalea amafunika kuti azikhala ozizira. Ngati azalea atazirala (kapena kupitirira bwino monga maluwa), mabokosi ambewu amafunika kuchotsedwa kuti asafooketse mbewuyo. Mosiyana ndi mbewu zina zambiri, azalea amatha kuzungulira mosavuta ndikusuntha nthawi yamaluwa. Koma azalea ikamaliza kuphuka, iyenera kubwezeretsedwa pamalo ake momwe inali nthawi yamaphukira. Pak maluwa, masamba onse azimiririka ayenera kuchotsedwa pomwepo, ndiye kuti azalea lidzaphuka nthawi yayitali.
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, azalea adzaphuka kwambiri chaka chilichonse. Pambuyo maluwa, muyenera kudulira maluwa onse maluwa. Kupanga chitsamba chobiriwira, kudulira kwa mphukira kuyenera kuchitidwa kangapo kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Mphukira zazing'ono zomwe zimapangika kale kapena nthawi yamaluwa zimadulidwanso.
Kubalalitsa kwa Azalea
Azalea amafalitsa ndi mbewu, kudula, kugawanika kwa chitsamba ndi kumalumikiza. Kufalikira kwa mbewu ndi njira yodyetsa nthawi yambiri komanso yovuta, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri olima maluwa kuti apange mitundu yatsopano, chifukwa chake njirayi sigwiritsidwa ntchito.
Njira yosavuta ndikugawa chitsamba cha azalea, chomwe chili ndi zaka 3-4 m'magawo angapo. Mizu ya mbewuyi ndi yopyapyala, yapamwamba, kotero muyenera kugawana nawo mosamala kwambiri.
Kunyumba, azalea amafalitsidwa ndi tsinde, kudula mitengo pang'ono, ngakhale izi ndizovuta. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri pofalitsa maudzu kuyambira mu Meyi mpaka Ogasiti. Phesi limatengedwa kutalika kwa 5-8 cm - osati lamtondo kwenikweni komanso labwinobwino. Mizu yam'madzi imachitika mwachangu komanso bwino m'malo otetezedwa kapena sphagnum peat. Zidula zimayikidwa mu 1 cm masentimita ndipo zimakutidwa ndi mtsuko wagalasi kapena filimu ya pulasitiki, yothiriridwa madzi nthawi zonse ndikumapopera. Kutentha kwenikweni kwa mizu ndi madigiri 25. Zidula zimamera mu masabata 3-5.
Katemera amafalitsa mitundu yachilendo ya azaleas kapena azaleas, yomwe ndi yovuta kuzika mizu. Inocode meiodum. Zitatha izi, makataniwo omwe adalumikizidwa amaikidwa pansi pa mtsuko kapena mu wowonjezera kutentha pang'ono opangidwa ndi polyethylene, kumatsirira nthawi zonse, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi kupukusa.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Tizirombo tating'onoting'ono kwambiri tikamakula azaleas mumiphika ndi zovala, ma mebubugs, njenjete za azalea, zofukiza, komanso mitundu yina ya tizilombo, nkhupakupa ndi mavu.
Kukula zovuta
- Kusenda ndi kugwa masamba - madzi okwanira. Mutha kumiza m'miphika kangapo pa sabata mu chidebe chamadzi mpaka mutadzaziratu. Zomwe zimayambitsa zingakhale chinyezi chochepa.
- Kutalika kwakanthawi kwamaluwa - mpweya wofunda, wouma. Pakhoza kukhalanso chifukwa chifukwa cha kuwala kowala ndi kuthirira kosakwanira.
- Masamba achikasu - dongo lapansi kapena dongo m'madzi.
