Chitsamba chowoneka bwino cha mtundu wamtundu wamtchire chimangopezeka kokha ku America. Mwa mitundu 15 yazomera zokongoletsera zomwe zili m'mitunda yathu, chotchuka kwambiri chinali mabulosi oyera oyera. Kubzala ndi kusamalira munthu wachisamba sikovuta ndipo sizitenga nthawi yambiri. Tchire lake limakongoletsa minda ndi mapaki, zipatso zimathandizira kupulumuka nyengo yozizira ya mbalame zachisanu za Central dera.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Popanda kudulira, nthambi za chisamba chokongoletsera zimatha kufika 3 mita kutalika. Mothandizidwa ndi chipale chofewa komanso zipatso mu nyengo yozizira, samaswa. Masamba ang'onoang'ono oyang'anizana ndi oyambilira ndi zipatso zoyambirira.
Kumapeto kwa chilimwe, mu Julayi kapena Ogasiti, maluwa a chipale chofewa: Maluwa a mawonekedwe olondola amatengedwa mu mtundu wa inflemose inflorescence wa zidutswa 5-15. Chomera chabwino cha uchi, chitsamba chamaluwa chamasachedwe chimalola njuchi kukonzekera yozizira.
Mukugwa, tchire la mabulosi amchiwuni ndilokongoletsa mosazolowereka: ma dripes ozizira omwe ali ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka 2 cm amapanikizidwa mwamphamvu motsutsana. Kutengera mtundu wa mbewu, zipatso za chipale chofewa zimapezeka mu mtundu wofiirira, wakuda bii, nthawi zambiri - zoyera ndi thupi loyera ngati chipale.
Malo okhala ndi chipale chofewa omwe amakhala ndi zipatso zofiira samakhala bwino nyengo yachisanu ndipo amakula ku Central Region - amakonda nyengo yotentha komanso ma chernozems opatsa thanzi. Mabasi omwe amakhala ndi zipatso zoyera nthawi zonse amakhala osakhudzika ndi nthaka ndipo amatha kupirira -30 madigiri.
Kuphatikiza pa kuuma kwambiri kwa nyengo yozizira, tchire la mabulosi amchenga limakhala ndi katundu wosiyana ndi ena: sasamala zamagetsi ndi utsi wambiri - mtengo wopindulitsa mu metropolis.
Ubwino ndi Kuwonongeka kwa Chipale Berry
Wamaluwa wa Middle Strip adabwera pabwaloli mosasamala zokongoletsera. Mosiyana ndi mtundu wa thermophilic komanso wofunidwa ndi dothi wokhala ndi zipatso zapinki, mabulosi achisanu cha chipale chofewa ndi abwino kukula ku Central dera:
- osasunthika kwathunthu ku mawonekedwe a kuwala - amakula padzuwa ndi pang'ono pang'ono;
- imamera pamadambo achinyezi ndi pouma;
- pafupifupi samadwala fungal matenda;
- m'malo athu am'mbuyomu, nzika yaku America sizinakhale ndi tizilombo toopsa.
Tchire limadziwika ndi maluwa ataliatali ndipo limasinthasintha mawonekedwe pafupifupi chaka chonse. Mitundu yotseguka yazitsamba ndi maluwa onunkhira amaloledwa ndi zipatso zamphamvu za chipale chofewa.
Palibenso mgwirizano pa zoyipa zoyambitsidwa ndi chipale chofewa pamthupi la munthu. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma asidi ndi saponin, zipatso za malo oundana ndi chipale chofewa zimawonedwa ngati zowopsa. Wachikulire sangawadye, ndipo mwana wamng'ono amatha kulawa zipatso zokongola - izi ndizotsutsana kwambiri.
Nyama zamtchire ndi mbalame zimadyera zipatso za m'chipale chofewa nyengo yozizira - chisanu chimawononga zinthu zowopsa. Amwenye aku North America amadziwa za machiritso a chitsamba cha matalala - anathandizira zilonda zam'mimba ndi msuzi watsopano wofinya. Zipatso zamtchire zimagwiritsidwabe ntchito popanga mitundu ya mitundu.
Maphikidwe achikhalidwe chachikhalidwe amagwiritsa ntchito malo owoneka ngati chipale chofewa kuchiza matenda amkhungu, mabala osachiritsika, zotupa, komanso chifuwa chachikulu.
Musaiwale za poizoni wa zipatso za chipale chofewa ndikuyang'ana kwa dokotala kuti akuuzeni njira zamankhwala ndi mlingo.
Snezhnik - kubzala chitsamba chosazindikira
Chitsamba cha mabulosi oundana ndichabwino kukongoletsa kanyumba ka chilimwe. Malo aliwonse aufulu adzakwanira kubzala chitsamba: padzuwa kapena pamthunzi, paphiri kapena m'malo otsika kwambiri - chomera chosasangalatsa chimamva bwino muzochitika zilizonse.
Mutha kuzolowera luso la kubzala zipatso za chipale chofewa kwambiri kuyambira pa vidiyo:
Bulosi-chipale chofewa chomwe chimabzalidwa pamalo otsetsereka osakhazikika bwino, mizu yokhazikika imasiya kukokoloka kwa nthaka.
Mutha kubzala tchire la mabulosi chipale chofewa mu nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi yophukira. Ndi chidwi chokwanira kubzala, mbande zimamera bwino, zobzalidwa ngakhale kutentha kwa chilimwe. Kuti mbewu yachinyamata ikukula mwachangu, kubzala kuyenera kuchitidwa m'nthaka yokonzedweratu.
Zomwe muyenera kudziwa pobzala malo oundana
Ngati chitsamba chosiyana, dzenjelo ya 50 x 50 cm imakonzedwa ndikuya kwa 50 ... 60 cm.
Kubzala mabulosi oundana kuti apange hedge ikuchitika mu ngalande yofanana (50 x 60 cm). Popeza kufalikira kwa chitsamba chachikulire, kachulukidwe ka odulidwa akuyenera kukhala osachepera
- ... 150 masentimita - kwa mbewu imodzi;
- Zomera 4-5 pa mita imodzi yothamanga - mu ngalawo mwa waya.
Dzenje kapena dzenje lodzala ndi chisanu mu nthawi ya kugwa limakonzedwa pasadakhale - kasupe, komanso kubzala kwa kasupe - nthawi yozizira. Pafunikira nthawi kuti dothi lisungunuke ndikuwongolera zinthu zomwe zidadzaza michere, lomwe lidadzaza dzenjelo.
10 ... ngalande za 15 cm ndikuyika pansi pa dzenje (ngalawo) ndikudzazidwa ndi dothi losakanikirana ndi dothi:
- 1 gawo la mchenga wowuma;
- gawo limodzi la kompositi kapena mawonekedwe a humus;
- 1 mbali peat;
- 600 g pachitsamba chilichonse cha phulusa;
- 200 g pa chitsamba chilichonse cha dolomite ufa;
- 200 g pachitsamba chilichonse cha superphosphate.
Pakatha milungu iwiri (nthawi yocheperapo yanthaka), mbande za chipale chofewa zimabzalidwa. Ndikosavuta kubzala mbande ndi mizu yotsekedwa. Kuyika ndi dothi lapansi sikupweteka pachomera. Kuchita koteroko sikugwirizana mwakanthawi.
Mukabzala, ndikofunikira kuwongolera kuzika kwam'mimba kwa chipale chofewa. Tikathirira komanso kuthilira kwa dothi, muzu wa chomera uyenera kutuluka ndi nthaka.
Kuti tiwonjezere kufalikira msanga, kuyika malo atsopano ndi kulumikizana bwino ndi dothi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti timize mizu yake mu dothi loumbika musanabzale. Masiku 4-5 oyambilira mutabzala, chimfine amathiriridwa tsiku lililonse pamlingo wa 3 ... 5 l pa chitsamba chilichonse.
Zoyala kubzala chitsamba chokongoletsera zitha kupezeka palokha.
Njira yosavuta yopezera mbande
Zosiyanasiyana: Ankakhala ngati chitsamba chamalo oundana mosavuta amapanga njira zodulira mu "Chinese": nthambi za chitsamba zimakumbidwa mpaka akuya 2 ... 5 cm ndikukhazikika ndi chimwala kapena waya. Kutengera ndi momwe zinthu ziliri, chitsamba chatsopanochi ndichokonzeka kumuthamangitsa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Kusamalira Matalala
Mutabzala chisamba chamchenga chisamaliro chimafunikira chochepa. Kukwaniritsidwa kwa malamulo osavuta a tekinoloji yaulimi satenga nthawi yayitali:
- Kulowetsa thunthu la masentimita 8 ... 10cm lokhala ndi peat kuthana ndi vuto la kuthilira nthawi zonse, kudula ndi kumasula nthaka.
- Kuthirira munthu wa chipale chofewa kumangopatsidwa kutentha kwambiri - 15 ... 20 l / chitsamba.
- Mukugwa, thunthu lozungulira lazingidwa.
- Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, kudula zitsamba mwaukhondo kumachitika.
- Chapakati pa Epulo (Central dera) amapereka mavalidwe apamwamba: 5 ... 6 kg (1 chidebe) cha humus kapena kompositi, 100 g ya superphosphate ndi mchere wa potaziyamu amawonjezeredwa kuzinthu zokumbira.
- Chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba chimaperekedwa pakati pa nyengo (Julayi-Ogasiti) - 50 g ya Agricola imasungunuka 1 lita imodzi yamadzi pachitsamba 1 chimodzi.
Simuyenera kuda nkhawa za kuzizira kwa chipale chofewa - mitundu yake yonse yopanga chisanu imalekerera chisanu chambiri.
Mabasi amawotchera kumapeto kwa Meyi-Juni - mwezi umodzi usanakhale maluwa. Kuchenjera kumeneku kumathandiza kuti chomera chipange maluwa pamtengo wofupikitsa kale. Chitsamba chokongoletsedwa bwino kapena udzu mumaluwa kapena wopachikidwa ndi zipatso ndizokongoletsa kopambana ndipo chimakusangalatsani ndi mawonekedwe okongola mpaka nthawi yamasika.
