Cacti ndi gulu losangalatsa lazomera. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe achilengedwe a malo omwe adachokera, adapanga mawonekedwe osazolowereka a ziwonetsero zachilengedwe komanso kusintha kwina m'malo azovuta.
Malo omwe mbewu zabwinobwino zimapezeka ndikutali kwa mapiri a Andes (2000-4000 m kumtunda kwa nyanja) ya Bolivia, Peru, ndi kumpoto kwa Argentina. Banja laling'ono losinthika, lomwe limadziwika ndi kusiyanasiyana komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Amapangidwa pansi pa malo okhala ndi kusintha kwakuthwa kwa kutentha ndi chinyezi pama dothi opangira michere omwe amathiridwa ndi zidutswa za miyala.
Echinopsis mtanda, kapena Lobivia mtanda (lat.Echinopsis tiegeliana).
Lobivia kapena echinopsis?
Omwe alimi Amateur amatcha lobivia pakugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Ambiri amaganiza kuti dzina la mtundu "echinopsis" ndilolondola (m'Chigiriki ndi lofanana ndi hedgehog). Inde, masiku ano lobivia ndi mitundu yake pamsonkho wapamwamba wazomera amatchulidwa kuti ndi mtundu wa Echinopsis.
Karl Linnaeus anali woyamba kufotokozera ndi kudzipatula pazomera zazing'ono zazitali zozungulira, zokhala ngati cylindrical, zokhala ndi zipilala ndipo zimayikidwa m'mabungwe ena amodzi ndipo adazitcha "Lobivia" (kuchokera pa chithunzi cha Bolivia, malo oyambira). Pambuyo pake, akatswiri ena opanga mankhwala adaganiza zopatulira masanjidwewo kukhala amtundu wina "Lobivia".
Amakhulupirira kuti mtundu wa Lobivia, wofanana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa Echinopsis, umasiyana:
- ali wocheperako mwachilengedwe kuposa mtundu wa Echinopsis, monga zikuwonetsedwa ndi zinthu zambiri zogwirizana ndi chilengedwe komanso kusintha kosavuta kwa mitundu ndi mitundu;
- Kapangidwe kake ka Lobivia ndi kocheperako kuposa Echinopsis, koma oimilira ali ndi ma areoles opindika komanso singano zokulirapo. Amasiyananso ndi kukula kwamaluwa, mtundu wawo wautoto, maubweya wambiri komanso mitundu yambiri yazithunzi - kuchokera ku imvi-greenish, zobiriwira zobiriwira mpaka zofiirira.
Komabe, palibe malire omveka pakati pa magawidwe antchito. Chifukwa chake, woyimira wamkulu wamtunduwo ndi kupambana komweko amatchedwa Lobivia kapena Echinopsis. Mwachitsanzo, Lobivia Sylvester ali ndi dzina lina lodziwika la Chametereus Sylvester. Nthawi zina duwa limatchedwa Echinopsis chamecereus.
Echinopsis wa Sylvester, kapena Lobivia wa Sylvester, kapena Chamecereus wa Sylvester.
Zolemba Zachilengedwe za Lobivia
Mbali yayikulu yachilengedwe ya mtunduwu ndiyolimba kwambiri pakuzisunga. Oimira ena amtundu wokhala ndi kuzungulira, ozungulira, olimba, osongoka, osinthidwa kuti adzadziwenso mtsogolo. Kutalika kwa mbewuzo ndi 2-50 masentimita ndi awiri masentimita 3 mpaka 15. Zoyambira ndizolumikizika, ma tubercles ang'ono amawoneka pansi pa areoles. Mtundu wa thundu umasiyana kuchokera kumdima wamtambo wobiriwira, utakutidwa ndi minga yowongoka kapena yoyambirira. Muzu, ndodo kapena kubwereza, mtundu, womwe makamaka umadalira michere ya dothi.
Makhalidwe okongoletsa amtunduwu amatsimikizidwa makamaka ndi kukula ndi mtundu (wazi kapena melange) wamaluwa kuchokera oyera mpaka oyera komanso ofiira owala. Amapezeka pakatikati pa tsinde pa areoles. Maluwa okhala ndi utoto wokhala ndi masentimita atatu mpaka 15 ndi mainchesi 4-12 kutalika (nthawi zina 20-30 masentimita) maulendo olimbitsa thupi amapezeka mu gulu kuzungulira tsinde kapena ngati maluwa osiyana. Kuchokera pamaluwa apakati, stamens amakangamira mooneka bwino paz ulusi wazitali zazitali. Kutalika kwa maluwa ndi masiku 2-4. Phulusa kuyambira Meyi mpaka Ogasiti. Zipatso mu mawonekedwe a mabokosi 1.0-1,5 masentimita obiriwira kapena ofiira. Masiku ano, zophatikiza zamtunduwu "Lobivia" zimapangidwanso ndi ma hybrids omwe ali ndi maluwa ndi zitsinde zosiyanasiyana, zokongoletsedwa ndi minga yosakanizika bwino kwambiri. Zogulitsa kunja zomwe zimasinthidwa ndi obereketsa zimakhala zokongoletsera zowona osati nyumba zokha, komanso maluwa omwe amawakonda maofesi.
Zofunikira Kukula
Mkhalidwe wovuta wa Alpine Andes umatsimikiza mtima wa lobivia kutengera zachilengedwe.
Zomera ndizithunzi. M'nyengo yotentha, mumafunikira kuwunikira kowala, pang'ono ndi mthunzi wowala.
Mukufuna kusinthasintha usiku ndi usana kutentha. Amalimbana ndi kutentha kwa mpweya panthawi yogwira ntchito mkati mwa +25 - + 35 ° C. Phula kwambiri pambuyo pa kutentha pang'ono kwa nyengo yozizira +8 - + 12 ° C.
Lobivia imakula bwino m'madambo a dothi lokhala ndi acid (pH = 5.6), yopatsa thanzi, limapezekanso pothandizidwa bwino.
Lobivia simalola kusefukira kwamadzi, kuthirira kumafunikira pang'ono. Kuthirira kwambiri pakamasamba, koma osasunthika madzi, ndizovomerezeka. M'nyengo yozizira, mbewu sizithirira madzi. Ndikamadzaza ndi madzi limodzi ndi kuzizira, kuzungulira kwa mizu kumayamba.
Kupatsirana kumachitika pokhapokha ngati kuli kofunikira, kupereka mwayi wachilengedwe kukula kwa mbeu ndi mapangidwe a magulu a mitundu yopondera.
Lobivia Arachnacantha (cobwebbed), wolingana ndi Echinopsis Arachnacantha (lat. Echinopsis ancistrophora).
Kukula lobivia chikhalidwe chipinda
Akakula kunyumba, lobivia imayikidwa mbali ya dzuwa ndikuwunika okwanira. Chomera chogulidwachi chimafunikira kuti chiziwonjezedwa kukhala dothi labwino. Popeza kukula kwa lobivia, mutha kubzala m'munda wamaluwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi hybrids pazenera lokhala ndi windowsill.
Chisamaliro cha Lobivia
Kutchera ndi kufalikira
Chidebe cha dimba laling'ono chizikhala chachikulu 25-30 cm, ndi malo okwanira okulira ana ofananira nawo. Kuzama kwa kuthekera ndi masentimita osachepera 10-15.Pansi pa chomera chimodzi, mphamvuzo zimapitilira mainchesi am'mbuyomu ndi 1 cm.
Nthaka ya dothi itha kugulika pamalo ogulitsira (dothi la cactus) kapena mutha kukonzanso dothi panu. Kuphatikizikako kumaphatikiza magawo atatu a humus ya masamba, magawo 4 a nthaka ya sod, magawo atatu a miyala kapena mchenga wowuma, magawo awiri a peat. 5-10 g ya nitrophoska pa kilogalamu yosakaniza amawonjezeredwa osakaniza ndi osakanikirana bwino.
Zida zosachepera 2-5 cm zimayikidwa pansi pa thankiyo, gawo lina losakanizika ndi dothi limatsanuliridwa. Tulutsani nkhokwezi mumphika. Yenderani mizu ndikuchotsa odwala, ovunda. Chimbudzi cha dothi chimawonongeka pokhapokha ngati mbewu yomwe ili ndi matenda.
Chomera chokonzedwera limodzi ndi dothi (kuwonongeka pang'ono kwa mizu) chimabzalidwa pamalo okhazikika. Mukabzala, simungathe kubisa tsinde m'nthaka. Khosi la muzu la mbewu liyenera kukhala pamlingo wapansi (ngakhale pang'ono pamwamba). Kusakaniza kwa dothi kuyenera kukhala kowuma. Ndikwabwino kuphimba mbali yakumunsi ya tsinde ndi ngalande yapamwamba, yomwe imapanganso chomera pamalo omwewo.
Pambuyo pakuyika, nkhadze sayenera kuthiriridwa kwa masiku 4-10. Ngati kusinthaku kwachitika, ndiye kuti kuthilira kuthiridwa madzi moyenera.
Chomera chongobzala kumene sichiyenera kuwonekera padzuwa lowala.
Kubzala ndikudzula chitha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse pachaka, koma nthawi yozizira ikuyenda, kuthirira koyamba kumachitika mchaka.
Elinopsis Chrysantha, kapena Lobivia Chrysanthus (lat.Echinopsis chrysantha).
Kuthirira lobivia
Kutsirira mbewu kumachitika pokhapokha nthawi yogwira ntchito, kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri maluwa. Madzi othirira ayenera kukhala ofunda, opanda chlorine ndi calcium. Potentha, kouma, mbeu zing'onozing'ono zokhala ndi dothi losakaniza pang'ono zimafunikira kuthiriridwa tsiku lililonse m'mawa, kuti madzulo dothi latha, ndiye kuti mizu yake siizola chifukwa chinyezi zambiri. Madzi amayenera kuchotsedwa pachomera.
Mu nthawi ya kasupe-chilimwe, mutha kuwaza maluwa, koma ndi bwino kungosesa fumbi ndi burashi ndikukonzekera shawa, ndikuphimba dothi pansi pa filimuyo.
M'nyengo yozizira, cacti ali mu gawo lopanda matumbo ndipo safuna kuthirira. Kutentha kwachipinda kuyenera kuchepetsedwa kukhala +8 - + 10 ° ะก. Ngati dothi lili louma kwambiri (poto limalira ndikakumba), kamodzi pamwezi litha kukhala lonyowa pang'ono ndi madzi ochepa. Nthawi zambiri malo ena amakhala obisalamo popanda kuthirira.
Mu kasupe, lobivia imabwezedwa kuzipinda zofunda, zowunikira komanso kuthirira koyambirira mu Marichi ndi madzi ofunda kumachitika. Kutsirira kotsatira kumachitika maluwa atatuluka kenako patatha masiku 4-5, kuyang'ana chinyezi. Kuthilira koyambirira kumachepetsa kukula kwa maluwa.
Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, cacti amayamba kutulutsa maluwa ake okongola. Lobivia ndi maluwa owoneka bwino, nthawi yake yomwe imatenga masiku 2-4. Munthawi imeneyi, maluwa ayenera kukhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira (popanda madzi ochulukirapo). Pambuyo maluwa, kuchuluka ndi kuthirira kwake kumachepa. Zomera zimapumira mpaka pakati pa Ogasiti. Kenako, kuthirira kumayambiranso, pang'onopang'ono mpaka kumapeto kwa Okutobala. Mu khumi lachitatu la Okutobala, mtengowo umapuma mpaka mu Marichi.
Lobivia zakudya
Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika nthawi yogwira ntchito (March-Seputembala) ndi feteleza wapadera wa cacti kamodzi pa masabata awiri. Miniature cacti chakudya 1/2 ya mlingo woyenera. Ndikofunika kuphatikiza kuvala kwapamwamba ndi kuthirira. Cacti yayikulu nthawi zina imadyetsedwa ndi madzi osakanikirana ammonium nitrate (1 g / l yamadzi) kapena zitosi za mbalame (kulowetsedwa kwa supuni imodzi ya madzi).
Lobivia pampana, kapena Echinopsis pampana (lat.Echinopsis pampana).
Kufalitsa kwa Lobivia
Lobivia imafalitsidwa ndi njere, vaccinici ndi ana obadwa mwa mtundu wonse. Kubala kosavuta kwambiri kochitidwa ndi ana ofika pambuyo pake. Amalekanitsidwa pakubzala, kumanzere kwa masiku 4-5 ndikuwokedwa mumiphika.
Ngati mukufuna, mutha kuyesa kubereka mwa katemera. Mu chitsa chaching'ono chosalembetsedwa, tsinde limadulidwa (osafuna kutafuna) ndi mpeni wakuthwa ndi tsamba lotetezedwa, kusiya mbali yotsika yofunikira. Mzere woonda umadulidwedwa kuchokera pomwepo chodulidwacho ndikuyenda kamodzi ndikuwupereka pachitsamba kuti chodulacho chisaphwe. Dulani pamwamba pa scion ndipo, ndikuchotsa chingwe chachitetezo pamtunda, phatikizani ma halves onse (stock ndi scion). Asanaphatikizane, mbali zakuthwa za zigawozo zimazunguliridwa mozungulira kuti zigwirizane molumikizana komanso osapindika patapita nthawi. Kuti ikhale bata, masheya amakhazikika munthaka ndi msomali. Kugwirizanitsa kumachitika kuti magawo a scion ndi stock ali chimodzimodzi mmbali mwa magawo a mbali imodzi. Ndikusuntha mosamala mozungulira amakanikizira (screw in) scion into stock. Poletsa kuwira thovu pakati pawo. Mphete ya Rubeni imangirira zolimba pamtanda ndikuyiyika ndi mphika. Monga lamulo, masheya ndiotalikirapo kuposa scion. Pambuyo pakuphatikizidwa, imakutidwa ndi sulufule kapena mpweya wa kaboni mutatha kuphatikiza. Katemerayo amayikidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha. Osamwetsa madzi kufikira litauma. Pambuyo pake, kwezani kutentha kwa mpweya kukhala woyenera (+ 25 ° C) ndikuyamba kuthirira. Kutsirira kumachitika mosamala kuti madontho amadzi asagwere m'malo katemera. Bandeji yolimba-yamkati sichimachotsedwa kwa masabata awiri, nthawi yomwe kumachitika pang'ono. Ngati malo odula auma, scion yatulutsa mizu, yatha, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti katemera walephera ndipo chilichonse chiyenera kuyambiranso. Pali njira zina za katemera, kugawanika ndi wedge.
Echinopsis Schreiter chol. Lobivia Schreiter. (lat. Echinopsis schreiteri).
Zakudya zam'madzi mu nyumba ndi ofesi
Lobivia amatanthauza cacti wodabwitsa. Mitundu yawo yaying'ono imayamba kuchokera 2 cm kutalika. Chifukwa chake, ku Lobivia Arachnakant, tsinde silidutsa mainchesi 4: Ndiwopindika bwino, wokutidwa ndi spider-spider, ndipo imvi yobiriwira siyowoneka. Kukongola kwa apotheosis kumagwera nthawi yamaluwa. Maluwa akuluakulu owaza amabisa tsinde losagwira.
Zabwino kwambiri m'minda yaying'ono ya cactus ndi mapilo okhuthala a Lobivia Sylvester. Zomera zazikulu zomwe zimakonda kukongola zimachita maluwa akuluakulu. Chonde dziwani! Sylvester Lobivia imamasika kwambiri nyengo yachisanu ikamazizira.
Masamba owoneka bwino amitundu yayikulu ya rasipiberi wowala, pinki yowala, maluwa okongola amtundu wagolide amawoneka bwino m'maofesi a Lobivia Chrysantha, Tigel, Bakeberg, Schreiter, Gold yellow ndi ena.
Pazosanjidwa zokongola zingapo zokha, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa. Chomera chokongola chokhala ndi tsinde la 5-6 masentimita wandiweyani, wamtambo wabiriwiri. Nthiti za tsinde zimakongoletsedwa ndi 10-20 spiny bulauni areoles ofika 5 masentimita. Amaluwa okhala ndi maluwa ofiira ofanana ndi masentimita 8-10.
Echinopsis Bakeberg kapena Lobivia Bakeberg (lat.Echinopsis backebergii).
Lobivia tizirombo ndi matenda
Lobivia imakonda kukhudzidwa ndi kangaude, chishango chonyenga, tizilombo tambiri komanso mealybug. Zomera zamkati, simungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala. Pakadali pano, pazomera zoterezi, biologics imagwira ntchito pamaziko a mabakiteriya ndi mafangasi omwe alibe vuto kwa anthu. M'masitolo apadera omwe mutha kugula ndikugwiritsa ntchito, malinga ndi malangizo omwe akuwonetsedwa, Zolotaya Iskra, Basamil, Akarin ndi ena.
