Mtengo wobiriwira nthawi zonse wamtundu wa Chitrus (Citrus), monga mandimu (Citrus limon) ndi membala wa banja la Rutacea. Mtengo wotere unagwera m'maiko a Mediterranean kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 9, pomwe udayamba kukula ngati mbewu yobzalidwa. Ndipo idatumizidwa kuchokera ku Southeast Asia. Pazinthu zachilengedwe, mtundu woyambirira wa ndimu ndiosatheka kale kukumana.
Ndimu mwadzala ngati chomera chokongoletsera ndi zipatso. Popeza amakonda kutentha kwambiri, amakula m'malo okhala ndi nyengo yozizira, ngati chomera cha mphika mu malo a chipinda. Ndi kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yotentha, tikulimbikitsidwa kusunthira mumsewu, ndipo pakugwa kachiwiri mubweretseni m'chipindacho. M'malo mchipinda, mitundu yambiri ya mbewuyi imamera, ndipo yonseyo imaphuka ndi kubereka.
Kupatula kuti mtengo wa ndimu ndi wokongola kwambiri, umathandizanso kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, m'maselo a mwana wosabadwayo payekha pamakhala mafuta ambiri ofunika, ndipo zamkati zimakhala ndi mavitamini osiyanasiyana. Chomera chokha, chomwe chimatha kukhalabe ndi mawonekedwe abwino mu nyumba, chimakhalanso chofunikira. Chowonadi ndi chakuti chimatulutsa zinthu zosakhazikika (zosakhazikika), zomwe zimakhudza bwino momwe anthu akukhalira mnyumba, komanso zimathandizira kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi.
Mu nyengo yamkati, chomera ichi chitha kutalika masentimita 150. Ili ndi phesi loongoka, lomwe limakhazikika patapita nthawi. Nthambi zazing'ono zimapakidwa utoto wobiriwira, koma ndi msinkhu zimakutidwa ndi khungwa loonda la utoto wonyezimira. Kuti mupange korona wokongola, yesani kudulira mphukira.
Masamba obiriwira onyansa a mbewuyi, pomwe masamba ake ndiwowoneka bwino. Pali mitundu yomwe imakhala ndi timinsamba tating'onoting'ono totsamba timene timasamba.
Masamba a mandimu amatha kuchitika nthawi yofunda komanso nthawi yachisanu. Komabe, limamasula kwambiri mchaka. Pamtengowo nthawi yomweyo, pamatha kukhala zipatso, maluwa, ndi masamba osakhwima. Maluwa ocheperako kapena maluwa oyera oyera amatengedwa m'mabisiketi yaying'ono, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala osakwatira. Kuti mbewu ibala zipatso, maluwa ayenera kupukutidwa. Kucha ndikutalika ndipo kumatenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Kusamalira Ndimu Panyumba
Kupepuka
Amakonda kwambiri kuwala, koma zimakhala bwino ngati wabalalika. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika mandimu pafupi ndi zenera lomwe lili kum'mwera kwa chipindacho. Pamenepo limatha kumakhazikika chaka chonse kupatula dzuwa lotentha, masiku osangalatsa. Mwambiri, nthawi yakutentha, mtengo woterewu umalangizidwa kuti usinthidwe mumsewu. Koma ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti nthawi yachilimwe pamasiku otentha ndikofunikira kuyeretsa chomera kulowa mchipindacho kutali ndi mawindo.
Zipatso za citrus ndizodziwika bwino pakusintha kwa kuunikira. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukonzanso mtengowo kuchokera m'malo kupita kwina kapena kutembenukira pazenera mbali zosiyanasiyana, izi zitha kubweretsa kugwa kwa thumba losunga mazira ndi maluwa.
Ngati nthawi yozizira mandimu ali m'chipinda chozizira, momwe matenthedwe amakhala pakati pa madigiri 7 mpaka 14, ndiye kuti amagona (kukula kwazomera kuyima). Pankhaniyi, safunika kuwabwezeretsa m'mbuyo. Koma mbewuyo ikatentha nthawi yozizira, ndiye kuti imafunikira kupatsidwa tsiku lowala kwa maola 10-12, ndipo izi zitha kuthandizidwa ndikuwunikiranso kumbuyo.
Mitundu yotentha
Mukakulitsa ndimu, muyenera kuganizira kuti sakonda kutentha mwadzidzidzi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati nthawi yozizira mutsegula zenera m'chipinda momwe mudalamo, izi zingapangitse masamba kusiya. Sitikulimbikitsidwanso kusamutsa kuchipinda chofunda chisanachitike chisanu. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika pasadakhale, pomwe kudakali kotentha kokwanira, usana ndi usiku. Pakayamba kuzizira kwambiri ndipo pakuwopseza kuzizira, ndiye kuti mandimuwo amayenera kusamutsidwira kuchipinda chozizira (mwachitsanzo, pakhonde), ndipo patatha masiku angapo abweretsedwa kale munyumbayo.
Chapakatikati, mapangidwe a masamba ndi kuyamba maluwa, mtengowo uyenera kuyikidwa pamalo abwino (kuyambira madigiri 14 mpaka 18). Ngati kuli kotentha panthawiyi, ndiye kuti mazira ndi masamba adzagwa.
Mtengo ukhoza kunyamulidwa kunja kokha ngati mpweya utenthe mpaka madigiri 12, ndipo kutentha kwake sikungagwere pansi pamtengo. Mtengowo umafunikira kusintha pang'ono ndi pang'ono ndi kuwala kwadzuwa. Chifukwa chake, poyambira, ziyenera kuyikidwa pamthunzi.
Ndi nthawi yophukira, ndimu iyenera kubweretsedwa mchipindamo kutentha kwa mpweya itatsika mpaka madigiri 11 kapena 12. Chomera chaching'ono chimatha kutsukidwa mnyumbamo usiku wokha, ndipo masana chimatulutsidwanso mumsewu. Kusamutsa chomera chachikulu mu mphika waukulu kukhala mpweya wabwino, kenako kulowa m'nyumba tsiku lililonse kumakhala mavuto, chifukwa amabweretsedwa m'chipindacho mukatentha kwambiri mumsewu. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muyambe kuyika mandimuwo pamtunda wofunda kwa masabata 1-2.
M'nyengo yozizira, mtengowo uyenera kuyikidwa pamalo abwino (kuyambira madigiri 14 mpaka 16). Ngati nthawi yozizira imakhala yotentha, ndiye kuti iyenera kukhala yothira nthawi zambiri kuchokera ku sprayer.
Chinyezi cha mpweya
Amakonda chinyezi chambiri. Zikakhala kuti zatsika kwambiri, masamba amagwa. Kuti muwonjezere chinyezi, muyenera kutsanulira mandimuwo nthawi zonse kapena kuyika poto poto lodzala ndi timiyala ting'onoting'ono kapena dongo lokulitsa ndi madzi ochepa. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito chofutira.
Momwe mungamwere
Imakonda chinyezi kwambiri, choncho ndikofunikira kuthirira madzi mu nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi yachilimwe nthawi zambiri komanso kambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa. Pa nthawi yozizira yozizira, kuthirira kumakhala kochepa, ndipo ngati nthawi imeneyo mbewuyo imakhala yotentha, ndiye kuti iyenera kuthiriridwa ngati gawo loyera. Pewani kuyanika kufinya, chifukwa izi zimatha kupangitsa chikaso kugwa ndi masamba.
Komanso, onetsetsani kuti dothi silimayenda. Izi zimatha kupanga mapangidwe ovunda pamizu. Kuti izi zisachitike, muyenera kupanga dothi labwino kwambiri mukadzala.
Pakathirira gwiritsani ntchito kutentha pang'ono (kutentha ndi madigiri angapo kuposa kutentha kwa chipinda) ndipo madzi okhazikika. Kutsirira kumalimbikitsidwanso kusungunuka kapena madzi amvula.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Kuvala kwapamwamba kumayenera kuchitika pakulimba kwakukulu (kuyambira pa Marichi mpaka Okutobala) kamodzi masiku 10 mpaka 10. Phula feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi, pobweretsa nthaka m'nthaka kapena ngati michere. Panthawi yozizira yozizira, kuvala pamwamba sikumachitika. Mukasungidwa m'chipinda chozizira pang'ono, muyenera kudyetsa ndimu 1 nthawi pamwezi ndi feteleza pang'ono.
Zikatero, mbewuyo ikakhala pamsewu, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito dontho la mbalame, humus ndi slurry kuti mudyetse. "Zosakaniza" izi ziyenera kuyamba kusungunuka m'madzi.
Zinthu Zogulitsa
Zomera zazing'ono zimafunikira chodzala ndi pachaka. Imachitika mchaka isanafike maluwa. Kuika kumachitika mosamala, ndikusinthika. Zikakhala kuti sizotheka kuthira ndimu nthawi yophukira, izi zitha kuchitidwa m'dzinja. Chomera chikakhala chakukula, kumuika sichiyenera kuchitika nthawi yopitilira 1 patatha zaka 3 kapena 4, koma kumtunda kwa dziko lapansi kuyenera kusinthidwa pachaka.
Kuika kumachitika mosamala. Onetsetsani kuti dongo silidawonongeke. Chomera chimayikidwa mumphika watsopano ndikuthira dothi labwino. Ndizo zonse, chifukwa pamwamba pa mizu yopyapyala ya chomerachi pali wosanjikiza wa mycorrhiza (bowa wapadera), ndipo amathandizira kuyamwa bwino kwa michere padziko lapansi. Kuti ndimu ikule ndikukula bwino, musaiwale za mawonekedwe amtunduwu, ndipo palibe chifukwa chake muyenera kugwedeza kapena kutsuka mizu yake. Izi zitha kuchitika pokhapokha ngati mutembenuza mizu kuti mupulumutse mtengowo.
Mukamasankha poto wogulitsa, muyenera kulingalira mfundo yoti ikhale yotalikirapo masentimita ochepa kuposa yoyamba ija. Izi zikuthandizira kupewa kukokoloka kwamadzimadzi m'nthaka ndipo, chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe a zowola. Muyeneranso kudziwa kuti m'miphika yayitali ya mandimu, maluwa samachitika.
Ngati mbewuyo ndi yayikulupo, ndiye kuti pulani ya pulasitiki kapena nkhuni imasankhidwira, yomwe imayenera kukhala ndi mabowo akulu pansi. Musaiwale za dongo labwino lokwanira, lomwe liyenera kukhala ndi dongo lokulitsa, chifukwa izi zimalola madzi owonjezera kuti atuluke msanga.
Kusakaniza kwadothi
Mukamatera gwiritsani ntchito kutayirira, pang'ono acidic kapena ndale. Kupanga dothi losakanikirana, humus, turf ndi dothi lokhazikika, komanso mchenga ndi peat, ziyenera kusakanizidwa m'chiyerekezo cha 1: 2: 1: 1: 1. Ngati mungafune, mutha kugula osakaniza zopangidwa ndi zipatso.
Momwe mungapangire korona
Mbewuyi imakhala ndi nthambi zambiri, ndipo idakali yaying'ono, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti isinthidwe mwadongosolo kuti korona apite. Ngati mbewuyo ili ndi masamba kapena mazira, ndiye kuti simuyenera kuisintha, chifukwa izi zimatha kugwetsa. Muyenera kutembenuza pang'ono (pafupifupi madigiri 30) kamodzi masiku angapo.
Akatswiri amalangiza kuti apange korona mu mtengo wokhala ndi thunthu lotsika (pafupifupi 20 sentimita asanafike nthambi). Thunthu liyenera kudulidwa ndi ma secateurs, izi zimapangitsa kuti impso ziwonekere. Pakatha chaka, zidzakhala zofunikira kufupikitsa nthambi za mbali, ndipo ngati zingafunikire, ndiye kuti zotsikirako. Nthambi, pomwe mazira amapangika, pomwepo sizimakula ndipo nthawi zambiri zimaphukira, motero kumeta zipatsozo, zimayenera kudulidwa mu masamba awiri kapena atatu.
Kupukuta
Kuti ndimu ibereke zipatso, ndikofunikira kupukuta maluwa pamanja. Kuti muchite izi, mufunika bulashi yaying'ono. Muyenera kutenga mungu kuchokera ku maluwa ena ndikuwasunthira kwa ena.
Malamulo Akukula Zipatso
Nthawi yakucha chipatso imatengera mitundu yomwe imakula. Komabe, ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti njirayi ndi yayitali. Kunyumba, zimatha kutenga miyezi 7 mpaka 9. Tetezani chomeracho pakusinthasintha kwa kutentha, komanso zoletsedwa kutentha nthawi ino. Ma Leaglets, omwe amatenga mpweya wambiri kuchokera kumlengalenga, akadali mtundu wa "nyumba yosungiramo" ya michere. Kuti chipatso chimodzi chokha chizikhalamo ndikukula bwinobwino, ndikofunikira kuti masamba 12 mpaka 15 athanzi azipezeka pa mandimu.
Momwe mungafalitsire
Pofalitsa, madula ochokera ku mandimu a mandet amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Muthanso kufalitsa ndimu ndikalumikiza pambewu za zipatso zosiyanasiyana za zipatso.
Mbewu zodzala zitha kutengedwa ku ndimu yogula kucha. Mbande zabwino zimamera ndikukula mwachangu, komanso zimasintha mwanjira zatsopano. Koma nthawi yomweyo, sizilandira monga chizindikiro cha chomera cha mayi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mitengo yotereyo singabale chipatso. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala phesi kuchokera ku mandimu opatsa zipatso mpaka mmera wotere.
Ndikosavuta kukula chomera kuchokera pamadulidwe, omwe angatengedwe kuchokera kwa abwenzi kapena kugula kudzera pa intaneti.
Kutalika kwa chogwirira kuzikhala kuyambira 8 mpaka 12 cm. Aliyense wa iwo ayenera kukhala ndi impso 3-5. Pamwamba, kudula kumapangidwa theka la sentimita pamwamba pa impso, ndipo pansi, mwachindunji pansi pake. Chodulidwa chizikhala chopangika madigiri 45. Pepala latsamba liyenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo linalo liyenera kufupikitsidwa ndi gawo la ½.
Zodulidwa musanabzala mchenga wowuma kapena mchenga wothira pansi mu chiyerekezo cha 1: 1, akuyenera kuthandizidwa ndi mizu yolimbikitsira mizu (mwachitsanzo, heteroauxin). Komanso sinthani m'munsi kudula ndi makala osadulidwa. Kubala kumachitika mpaka kukuya kwa mamilimita 10-15 pakadutsa madigiri 90. Amayikidwa pamoto (osachepera madigiri 18) ndikuwazidwa mosiyanasiyana. Mazu adzachitika m'masabata angapo.
