Orchid wakuda - duwa lomwe lili ndi mbiri yachinsinsi

Maluwa oyamba adawoneka Padziko Lapansi miliyoni miliyoni zapitazo, koma kukongola kwa zinthu zakutchire izi kudachitika patapita zaka zambiri, mzaka zam'ma 2000 BC, chifukwa cha anthu aku Japan ndi China. M'zaka za zana la 19 adayamba kukula ku Europe. Masiku ano zodziwika bwino kwambiri komanso zodabwitsa ndizoyala zamtundu wakuda. Maluwa osalimba awa amakopa ndi kusangalatsa, amakupangitsani kufuna kuteteza kukongola kwake, kristalo.

Nkhani yamaluwa

Nkhaniyi imati anthu adaphunzira za maluwa obiriwira achikuda omwe adachokera kwa George Cranleit, yemwe adaba zachilengedwezi kwa nzika zaku South America. Achifwamba atakwiya adapeza botanist wopanda pakeyo ndikumulanga pazomwe adachita, kuzunzidwa koopsa.

Amakhulupirira kuti maluwa "akuda" ndi mithunzi yakuda yamitundu ina

Malinga ndi sayansi yakuda, adawachotsa ku California.amene adatha kupeza maluwa okhala ndi miyala yakuda kwambiri komanso fungo labwino la vanila podutsa ma phenylepses.

Maluwa akuda ndi a banja la orchid, katsitsumzukwa kwa dongosolo, gulu lokhala ndi magulu awiri, madipatimenti azomera zamaluwa

Akatswiri a sayansi ya zinthu zachilengedwe amati mtundu wamtundu wakuda mulibe chilengedwe, ndipo duwa lakuda ndilopanda maluwa wamba ofiirira, otuwa kapena ofiirira. Chifukwa chake, maluwawo amatchedwa "akuda" okhala ndi msonkhano waukulu.

Momwe Maluwa Omera Amawonera

Kunja, ma orchid akuda ndi osiyanasiyana, katswiri wodziwa zachilengedwe yekha ndiamene angamvetsetse kuti mbewu zomwezo ndi zamtundu womwewo. Pansipa pali kufotokozako mwachidule mitundu yamitundu ya maluwa:

Phalaenopsis wakuda gulugufe	Maluwa amafanana ndi agulugufe. Tsamba lamasamba ndilofiirira lakuda, pafupifupi lakuda. Malire owonda oyera kuzungulira m'malire
Dracula roezlii	Maluwa okongola, ngale. Pamakhala zikuwoneka ngati zakuda chifukwa cha malo ang'onoang'ono akuda omwe amaphimba
Maxillaria schunkeana	Maluwa ndi ang'ono, ofiirira amdima, amitundu itatu, onunkhira bwino. Pamunsi pansipa pali timawu tating'ono toyera. Amaganizira mtundu wakuda kwambiri wa ma orchid wakuda
Paphiopedilum de nachtwacht	Maluwa ndi abwino mitundu yamatcheri ak kucha. Pamakhala matumba okhala ndi malekezero osaloledwa
Paphiopedilum pisgah pakati pausiku	Maluwa amakhala akuda kwambiri, pafupifupi akuda, oboola mitsempha yakuda
Fredclarkeara pambuyo pa kuda	Ma inflorescence ndi wandiweyani, wofiirira wakuda, pafupifupi wakuda bii. Maluwa amafanana ndi tulips mawonekedwe. Kutulutsa kununkhira
Cymbidium Kiwi Pakati pa Usiku	Maluwa ndi akulu, mowa wozizira ozama ndi zoyera ndi lilac pakati

Kukongola kwakuda kumatha kukhala ndi chitsamba chimodzi chokhala ndi malo amodzi okulirapo kapena kuchokera ku tchire zingapo ndi malo angapo okukula. Masamba amatha kukhala ochepa kapena opapatiza, amtundu kapena owonda.

Mizu ya Orchid imakhala ndi mababu onanana ndi anyezi. Chifukwa cha kufananaku, maluwa adatenga dzina, chifukwa kutanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Greek "orchis" yakale kutanthauza "testicle"

Ndi mitundu yonse yamaluwa akuda, maluwa awo ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana. Maluwa ndi ofanana, ndi perianth yokopa yopangidwa ndi mitundu isanu ndi umodzi. Masamba a perianth amapanga magulu awiri amitundu itatu iliyonse.

Pali mbewu zomwe zili ndi stamens ziwiri komanso perianth petal momwe zimakhalira ngati nsapato, komanso mbewu zomwe zili ndi stamen imodzi ndi petal wamba potengera milomo (nthawi zambiri imakhala yolimba.

Kusamalira maluwa

Maluwa akuda Amaganiza kuti ndi zomera, amene wofesa mbewu wodziwa bwino yekha akhoza kukula. Tiyeni tiwone ngati izi zili choncho.

Wodziwika bwino wamaluwa yekha yemwe amatha kupirira zonse zokhala ndi maluwa okongola

Zochitika Zosamalira Nyengo

Khalidwe ndi kukula kwa chisamaliro cha ma orchid akuda kumatengera nthawi yazaka. Nyengo yatsopano yazomera mu mbewu izi zimayamba kumapeto kwa February. Munthawi imeneyi mutha kuthira mbewu zobelekedwa m'miphika yawo. Mu theka lachiwiri la Marichi, pomwe nthawi yogwira ntchito imayamba, ikhoza kufalitsidwa ndikugawa chitsamba.

Pofika masiku otentha dzuwa, maluwa osakhwima ayenera Tetezani ku dzuwa. M'miyezi yotentha yotentha, maluwa amafunika kuthiriridwa madzi ndikuswedwa, ndipo nthawi yakucha masana ikayamba kuchepa, ayenera "kuyatsidwa" pogwiritsa ntchito nyali za fluorescent.

Kuyambira Seputembala mpaka Januware, muyenera kuthirira ndi kudyetsa orchid zochepa kuposa nyengo yotentha.

Kuthirira

Mphamvu yothirira orchid wakuda zimatengera nthawi yazaka. M'chilimwe, mmera umathiriridwa katatu pa sabata, m'nyengo yozizira - osaposa nthawi 1-2 pa sabata. Maluwa odabwitsa amenewa amalola kuyanika dothi bwino, koma sakonda kuthirira kwambiri.

Tsatirani nyengo yothirira ya maluwa anu

Maluwa amakonda madzi ofewa, mvula kapena kusungunuka. Ndizololedwa kuthirira maluwa ndi madzi owiritsa. Mu matalala patatha maluwa, pafupipafupi kuthirira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa.

Yang'anirani mosamala maonekedwe a maluwa. Ngati masamba ndi pseudobulbs a mbewu atakwinyika - alibe chinyezi chokwanira. Masamba akatembenuka chikasu ndipo mizu yake imavunda, mbewuyo imadwala m'madzi

Mutha kuthilira mu njira ziwiri:

ikani maluwa ndi chomera kwa mphindi 10-15 mumtsuko wokhala ndi madzi ofunda;
nyowetsani nthaka ndi madzi osamba.

Mukathirira, mphikawo uyenera kuyikidwa pa kaphikidwe kenakake mpaka chinyezi chambiri chitulutse m'mabowo.

Kutentha ndi kuyatsa

Maluwa akuda amakonda kutentha. Mchipinda momwe mbewuzi zimamera, kutentha kwanyengo masana ayenera kutentha mpaka 18-28^zaC. Usiku, dontho la kutentha mpaka 12-20 ° C limaloledwa.

Kuti duwa limve bwino, ndikofunikira ikani pazenera ndi nyali zowonongeka. Nyuzipepala yomwe inadumphira pagalasi kapena filimu yoteteza dzuwa ingathandize kufalitsa dzuwa mwachindunji.

Masana masana kwa orchid wakuda ndi maola osachepera 12. M'nyengo yozizira, masana dzuwa litachepa, mbewuyo iyenera kuwunikidwanso pogwiritsa ntchito nyali za fluorescent.

Chinyezi

Maluwa akuda amakula bwino ndikupanga zipinda zomwe zimakhala ndi chinyezi cha 30-40%. M'zipinda zokhala ndi mpweya wowola, masamba obisika amachoka pamaluwa, maluwa amagwa. Kuti duwa lisapukutidwe, liyenera kuyikidwa mu thireyi ndi madzi.

M'zipinda zonyowa amamva kuti sakusangalatsidwa, mizu yawo imavunda, ndipo masamba amawoneka pamasamba. Mpweya wabwino wokhazikika komanso wotsekemera m'chipindacho umatha kuthetsa vutoli.

Feteleza

Orchid amathanso kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wapadera wopangidwira mtundu uwu wa mbewu. Feteleza iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pakukula kwambiri, osapitirira kamodzi pa sabata lililonse la 2-3.

Ndikofunikanso kuwonjezera feteleza m'nthaka kutengera nyengo.

M'nyengo yozizira komanso miyezi yotentha yotentha, kuvala pamwamba kumayenera kuyimitsidwa, kapena kuchepetsedwa kamodzi pamwezi. Mu kasupe, pamene kagayidwe kazomera kakukula, kuchuluka kwa mavalidwe apamwamba kumatha kuchuluka.

Kufalikira ndi kufalikira kwa ma orchid akuda

Njira zolerera

Pali njira zinayi zazikulu za kubereka zamtundu uwu. Makhalidwe a njirazi akuwonetsedwa patsamba lotsatirali.

Njira zofalitsira ma orchid akuda:

Njira zolerera	Kufotokozera kwa njira
Kugawanitsa	Mpweya wa chomera chachikulu umadulidwa m'magawo angapo, pseudobulbs iliyonse. Zomera zobzalidwa mumiphika yosiyanasiyana.
Kuswana kudula	Zoyenera kukhala ndi mbewu zomwe zimakula mwachangu. Mphukira imadula kukhala ½ kutalika ndi kubzala mumphika wina
Kuswana ana	Maluwa ena amapereka mphukira. Ngati mumasulira "ana", ndiye kuti ali ndi mizu. Pakapita kanthawi, amatha kudula ndikuwoka mumphika wina.
Kuswana mbewu	Njira yayitali kwambiri komanso yotopetsa yofunikira yovuta kukhala wosabala ndi feteleza wapadera. Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi obereketsa.

Maluwa akuda akamatulutsa mgawo, kudula kapena ana, zotsatira zake zigawo ziyenera kuyeretsedwa makala ophwanyika kapena kaboni wofayikiratu.

Kusankha kwa mphika

Mukamasankha mphika wakuda wa orchid, samalani ndi zida zamapulasitiki zowoneka bwino, kudzera pazenera zomwe mungayang'anire momwe mizu ya mbewu ndi chinyezi cha dothi.

Mphika wabwino wa orchid uyenera kuwala. Mu chithunzi - mphika wolakwika.

Chitani chidebe cha pulasitiki mabowo olowera mpweya apansi panthaka ndi kuyiyika mu dongo wokongola kapena poto wicker.

Orchid angabzalidwe mumphika wouma. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito miphika yopepuka yomwe singachedwe kutentha dzuwa. Mukaziika, mbewa yamaluwa yatsopano iyenera kukhala yayikulu masentimita 1-2 kuposa momwe poto wam'mbuyomu ulili.

Kukonzekera gawo lapansi

Orchid si zachilendo m'zonse. Izi zikuwonekera, pakati, ndi gawo lapansi, lomwe liyenera kukhala ndi zigawo zotsatirazi:

makungwa a paini;
mchenga wowuma;
sphagnum moss;
peat;
vermiculite.

Kuchokera paini akufa sonkhanitsani khungwa, pukuta, tsitsani ndi youma. Mu moss-sphagnum, gawo lakumwamba (lobiriwira) lokhalo ndi lomwe limadulidwa, kutsanuliridwa kwathunthu ndi madzi otentha ndikumata ndi lumo.

Mukamakonzekera gawo laling'ono lanu, onani kuchuluka kwake

Zomwe zalembedwazi zimaphatikizidwa ndi mchenga wa peat, vermiculite ndi coarse. Monga njira, mutha kuwonjezera dongo lokulitsidwa, phula la polystyrene ndi makala. Zinthu zake zonse zimasakanizika bwino komanso kusungunuka musanabzala.

Momwe mungasulire maluwa

Duwa lakuda ngati duwa lina lililonse, kupatsira ndi chinthu champhamvu chopsinjika. Chifukwa chake, ndizomera zokha zomwe mizu yomwe imakulitsa mphika imafunika kuziika. Izi zimachitika bwino kumayambiriro kwa nthawi ya kukula kwatsopano, mtengowo utayamba kuphuka ndikupuma pang'ono.

Atangodzaza, zidutswa zingapo za mitengo ya paini yapakatikati zimayikidwa mumphika. Kenako pang'onopang'ono pang'onopang'ono mumathiridwa ndipo chomera chimasunthidwa mosamala kuchokera mumphika wakale pamodzi ndi mtanda winawake. Mapeto ake amadzazidwa ndi gawo lapansi latsopanolo. Pukutsani pang'onopang'ono dothi ndikuyika duwa m'malo otetezeka kwa masiku angapo.

Poika zina ndikofunikira kuti tisawononge mizu ya maluwa okuda. Ngati izi zidachitikabe, muyenera kuwaza madera owonongekawo ndi sinamoni yoyatsidwa kapena sinamoni wapansi.

Matenda a Orchid

Maluwa akuda, monga mbewu zina, atenga matenda osiyanasiyana. Ndipo matendawa, mwatsoka, ndi ochuluka. Kufotokozera mwachidule matendawa kumaperekedwa pagome lotsatirali.

Matenda akuluakulu a ma orchid wakuda ndi njira zowachitira nawo

Matendawa	Zizindikiro	Njira zolimbana
Zovunda	Masamba amatembenukira bulauni, mizu imavunda ndi kufewetsa	Katatu m'masiku 30-45, chiritsani mizu ndi nthaka ndi yankho la Fundazole (0.2%) kapena Topsin (0.2%)
Fusarium zowola	Masamba amasanduka achikasu, azipiringa, amawoneka, pinki	Kwa masiku 10, katatu patsiku, kumiza mphika wamaluwa mu njira ya "Fundazole" (0.2%). Kwa kanthawi, kanizani kupopera
Gray zowola	Ziluwa zotuwa zokhala ndi thukuta looneka bwino pamasamba, kenako pamtunda, ndipo maluwa owoneka ngati bulau amawoneka pamaluwa	Chotsani malo owonongekautsi wa chomera ndi fungicides
Masamba owoneka	Amawona malo amdima pamasamba ofooka	Chotsani masamba onse okhudzidwa. Spray maluwa ndi kukonzekera fungicidal. Osathirira masiku 4-5
Anthracnose	Malo ang'onoang'ono ozungulira bulauni pamasamba ndi pseudobulbs. Popita nthawi, kuwonekera kwa chikaso kapena chikasu cha pinki	Dulani ndi kuwotcha madera okhudzidwa. Mankhwala ophera tizirombo ndi makala kapena phulusa. Katatu pamwezi, gwiritsani ntchito maluwa ndi kukonzekera kwamkuwa. Kuchepetsa kuthirira
Powdery mildew	Masamba ndi masamba ophimbidwa ndi zovala zokulira. Madera owonongeka, chomera chimafa	Yankho la sulufule ya colloidal, kukonzekera kwa Skor kapena Topsin-M kungakuthandizeni
Matenda a virus	Zofooka monga mawanga, mivi ndi zozungulira zimawonekera pamasamba ndi maluwa.	Patulani chomera kwakanthawi. Ngati matendawa atsimikizika, aononge, chifukwa matenda oyamba ndi ma virus sangathe kuthandizidwa.

Kuti muchepetse kuthana ndi bwino matenda a orchid wakuda, muyenera kudziwa zomwe akuwonetsa ndikuwunika momwe akonda. Matendawa akapezeka msanga, duwa limatha kupirira nawo.

Zoyenera kuchita pamene maluwa atulutsa

Anakupatsirani maluwa okongola akuda, koma iye wamisala ndipo safuna kuphulika? Mwina mbewuyi idakali yaying'ono kwambiri kapena sakonda komwe ikuzungulira. Komabe, zinthu zoyamba ziyenera kukhala patsogolo.

Nthawi yosintha. Maluwa akuda amasinthana kwa nthawi yayitali kukhala mikhalidwe yatsopano. Khalani oleza mtima. Mwina mbewu ikasinthika, imaphukanso.
Achinyamata a mbewu. Zomera izi zimayamba kutulutsa zaka zakubadwa 1.5-2,5. Yembekezani mpaka chomera "chikacha", ndipo chisamaliro choyenera chidzakusangalatsani ndi maluwa ake okongola.

Maluwa achichepere akhoza kukhala olepheretsa maluwa

Maola ochepa masana. Ngati maola masana ndi ochepera maola 12, orchid alibe nthawi yokwanira kukhwima masamba ndikupanga thumba losunga mazira. Yesani kuyatsa maluwa ndi nyali ya fluorescent dzuwa litalowa.
Chofunika kusiyana pakati pa kutentha kwa usana ndi usiku. Kusiyana pakati pa kutentha kwa usiku ndi usana sikuyenera kupitirira 5-7 ° C. Chitani zomwe zingathandize kuti kutentha kusamachitike.

Kuthirira kwambiri. Orchid sizilekerera kuthirira kwamadzi ndi kuthirira kwambiri kukana maluwa. Kuti muthane ndi vutoli, sinthani njira yothirira, muchepetse pafupipafupi.

Tsekani mphika. Ngati chomera cholowa mumphika, chimatha kutulutsa maluwa. Ikani maluwa mu mphika wokulirapo, kutsitsimutsani dothi.
Kusagwirizana ndi zomwe ali mndende. Onani momwe duwa limamera. Mwina kwazizira kwambiri, kwatentha kwambiri kapena sikunakonzekere? Sinthani malo omwe mukukhalamo, kapena sinthani poto ya maluwa kumalo atsopano, abwino.

Kutsatira malangizowo kukuthandizani kuti maluwa atuwale azikuda kunyumba.

Mukachita bwino, Orchid wakuda amamasulidwa kuyambira miyezi iwiri mpaka itatu pachaka. Kutulutsa maluwa molondola kwambiri kumatengera maluwa osiyanasiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa maluwa pa tsinde lake.

Phunzirani mochenjera kuti mumve kukongola kwanu kwakuda, ndipo adzakubwezerani maluwa okongola, onunkhira komanso nthawi yayitali.