Lilac - nymph wa m'mundamu!

Dzinalo limachokera ku liwu Lachi Greek `syrinx` - chubu, chomwe, mwachiwonekere, chimawonetsa kapangidwe ka duwa. Malinga ndi mtundu wina - m'malo mwa nymph Siring, adasandulika bango, pomwe mulungu wa nkhalango Pan adapanga chitoliro cha m'busayo "syrinx".

Lilac (lat.Syringa) - mtundu wa zitsamba za banja la Olive (lat. Oleaceae). Izi zikuphatikiza mitundu isanu ya mbewu zomwe zimagawidwa kuthengo kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Europe (Hungary, the Balkan) komanso ku Asia, makamaka ku China.

Masamba a lilac ndi olekana, nthawi zambiri amakhala, amasiyana pang'ono, amagwa nthawi yozizira. Maluwa ndi oyera, a lilac kapena a pinki, omwe amapezeka kumapazi omwe amatha nthambi. Kapu ndi yaying'ono, yochepa, yokhala ngati belu. Corolla nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi chubu chachikulu cha cylindrical (chocheperako, mwachitsanzo, mu Amur lilac yokhala ndi chubu chofupikitsa) ndi miyendo yodontha ya mbali zinayi. Masitepe awiri ophatikizika ndi chubu cha corolla. Ovary imodzi, yokhala ndi manyazi ambiri. Chipatsocho ndi bokosi lowuma la bivalve.

Mitundu yonse ya lilac imakhala ndi maluwa okongola, ndichifukwa chake imaberekedwa m'minda. Makamaka ndiofala kwambiri pakulankhula kwa lilac (Syringa vulgaris L.) - chitsamba chapamwamba kwambiri, cholimba kwambiri, chomwe chimamera bwino panthaka kumwera komanso kumpoto kwa Europe ndipo chimakongoletsa minda m'minda yophukira ndi maluwa ake onunkhira. Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe akulu ndi maluwa a lilac, mitundu yokhala ndi maluwa oyera ndi ofiira adatuluka muchikhalidwe. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa distillation m'malo obiriwira, kuti pafupifupi nthawi yonse yozizira mutha kukhala ndi maluwa atsopano a lilac. Mtunduwu umamera bwino ku Balkan. Kuphatikiza pa lilacs wamba, munthu amathanso kutchulanso Persian lilac (Syringa Persica L.) yocheperako, nthawi zina masamba a katiri, Lilac waku Hungary (Syringa Josikoe Jacq.) fungo, mbadwa ku Hungary; Syringa Emodi Khoma. kuchokera ku Himalayas; Syringa japonica kukula ochokera ku Japan. Ku China, mitundu ingapo ya lilac imamera mosiyanasiyana. Amur lilac (Syringa amurensis Rupr.) Imapezeka pa mtsinje wa Amur ku Russia.

Kukonzekera koyamba

Mbewu za Lilac zimabzalidwa m'maenje obzala omwe amafukula milungu iwiri 2-3 mutabzala. Zomera zaka ziwiri ndi zinayi za lilac zibzalidwe m'maenje ndi mainchesi 40-50, ndikuzama masentimita 35-45. Dzenje limadzazidwa ndi dothi lapamwamba lachonde, ndikuphatikizira manyowa, manyowa osapsa, peat kapena ma peat. Kufikira 20 kg za feteleza zachilengedwe izi zimawonjezeka kudzenje. Kuphatikiza apo, pamadothi acidic amawonjezera 2-2,5 kg ya calcareous tuff. Pa dothi lamchenga, laimu iyenera kuwonjezeredwa ngati mawonekedwe a dolomite ufa wokhala ndi magnesium, wosakwanira dothi losalala. Nthawi yomweyo, feteleza wa mchere amagwiritsidwa ntchito: 0,7-0.9 kg wa granular superphosphate ndi 0,3 kg wa phosphate rock kapena bone bone; mpaka 150 g wa potaziyamu sulfate ndi 700- 900 g wa phulusa. Kusakanikirana kwa feteleza wachilengedwe ndi mchere ndi dothi kumachitika m'njira yoti ambiri mwa iwo agwere pansi. Ngati dothi ndilosakwanira kuti mudzaze, dothi limathiridwa mu dzenje kuchokera pazikhala chonde.

Njira yofikira

Asanabzala, gawo lowonongeka la mizu limadulidwa ndi mpeni wakuthwa m'munda kapena secateurs. Mizu, makamaka munthawi youma, imamizidwa ndikuumba dongo musanayikemo maenje obzala. Ngati maenjewo osaphimbidwa ndi dothi lokonzekera asanabzalidwe, ndiye kuti asanabzalidwe amadzazidwa ndi theka ndikufanana. Pambuyo pake, mtunda wa pansi umatsanuliridwa pakatikati pa dzenje pafupifupi mpaka m'mphepete mwa dzenjelo. Mizu ya lilac imayikidwa pa knoll, ndikuwongolera mizu mbali zosiyanasiyana. Popewa kuzama kwanyengo mutathilira dothi, khosi la mizu liyenera kupendekera 4-6cm pamwamba panthaka. Atatha kuwaza mizu ndi dothi lochokeradi masentimita 3-5, dzenje limathiridwa ndi dothi lotsala ndikuponderezedwa mwamphamvu ndi mapazi anu, kuyambira m'mphepete. Kuphatikizana kumachitika mosamala, kupewa kuwonongeka kwa mizu. Kuzungulira pobzala pamathiridwa dothi lapansi lokwera masentimita 15 mpaka 20, ndikupanga dzenje kuti ulimi wothirira. Malita 15-20 amadzi amatsanuliridwa m'dzenjemo. Pambuyo akuwuluka, mitengo ikuluikulu imakonkhedwa ndi dothi louma ndikuzikhomera ndi wosanjikiza ndi masentimita 3-5.

Chisamaliro

Lilac ndiyosazindikira, ndipo kusamalira ndikosavuta.

Lilacs iyenera kubzalidwa kumayambiriro kwa masika, masamba asanatseguke, kapena kugwa. Nthawi yabwino kukafika pa Seputembara. Chamba chobzalidwa chimayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zambiri. Ndipo tchire lokhazikitsidwa limathiridwa madzi pachilala chokha.

Kumayambiriro kasupe, wofowoka, wouma ndikumera mkati mwa nthambi zodulidwamo, ndipo chowombera "chamtchire" chimachotsedwanso kuchokera kumtengowo pomwe chikuwonekera. Zovala zodzaza zimadulidwa, kuyesa kuti zisawononge mphukira pafupi nawo, pomwe maluwa adayikidwamo - omwe maluwa adzawonekera chaka chamawa.

Mukamadyetsa chitsamba, musatengeke ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni, kuphatikiza ena okhala ndi mphamvu - lilac limamasuka kwambiri ndikupirira nyengo yozizira bwino. Ndikokwanira kuyambitsa feteleza wovuta mchaka ndi potashi ndi phosphorous - mutatha maluwa, ndipo mutha kuchita izi ngakhale chaka chilichonse.

Nthaka yomwe ili pansi pa tchire iyenera kumasulidwa mosamala kuti isawononge mizu yopanda maziko. Malamulo ena onse ndi muyezo, samalani ndi lilac ngati chitsamba chilichonse chokongoletsera..

Kuswana

Mitundu yamtchire ya lilac yomwe imafalitsidwa ndi njere. Kubzala kumachitika mu yophukira kapena masika pambuyo pa kuphatikizika kwa mbeu kwa miyezi iwiri pa kutentha kwa madigiri 2-5 C. Zosiyanasiyana lilac kufalitsidwa ndi masanjidwe, kudula kapena Ankalumikiza. Katemera amachitika ndi zodula kapena impso kugona (budding). Katundu akhoza kukhala privet wamba, lilac ya ku Hungary ndi lilac wamba.

Lilacs imatha kutenthedwa ndi tulo (nthawi yachilimwe) ndikudzuka (kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yomera). Mukaphulika masika, zidutswa zimakolola muFebruwari - Marichi ndikusungidwa mufiriji m'miyala 10 mpaka 20 yokutidwa papepala. Ndi kuphukira kwa masika, kuchuluka kwa kupulumuka ndi 80%. Mphamvu ya ma oculants ndiyambiri, ndipo amatha bwino nyengo yozizira. Chifukwa cha kufalikira msanga kwa masamba mu nthawi ya masika, nthawi yochepa kwambiri yophukira, chifukwa chake, njira yoleredwera ndi impso yogona ndiyofala.

Zomwe zimapangidwira zimakonzedwa kuyambira theka lachiwiri la June: mphukira zam'mbuyo zimadulidwa mpaka kutalika kwa 12-15 cm, mphukira zimachotsedwa. Kudulira mochedwa, musanayambe maluwa, sikulimbikitsidwa chifukwa malo odulira alibe nthawi yochira. Pa chitsa, makulidwe a kolala yamizu ayenera kukhala 0,6 - 1.5 cm, ndipo khungwa liyenera kupatukana ndi nkhuni. Kuti tichite izi, ndikofunikira kuthirira mbewu zambiri masiku 5 mpaka 6 asanafike katemera. Patsiku la budding, masheya amamasulidwa, ndipo malowo amapukutidwa ndi nsalu yoyera komanso yonyansa. Zidutswa zokhala ndi impso za budding zakonzedwa pamene zikukula. Mphukira za mphukira zokhwima ndi zazikulu, khungwa ndi la bulauni, kukhwima kwa odulidwa kumatsimikiziridwanso ndi kupindika: kumayambitsa kufooka chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa minofu yolimba. Makulidwe oyenera a odulidwa ndi 3-4 mm, kutalika ndi 20 - 30 cm, ndibwino kuwadula kumbali yakumwera kapena kumwera chakumadzulo kwa korona wa chitsamba. Masamba achotsedwa amachotsedwa, ndipo masamba a petioles omwe ali ndi kutalika kwa 1 - 1.5 masentimita atsala. Amatumikira kosavuta kwa budding. Zodulidwa zakonzedwa zimayikidwa mu filimu ya pulasitiki yokhala ndi minyewa yonyowa kapena utuchi ndikusungidwa m'chipinda chapansi kapena firiji kwa masiku 7-10. Impso zimatengedwa pakati pa mphukira. Zapamwamba, nthawi zambiri zamaluwa (awiriawiri) sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zosayenera kufalikira komanso kutsika, impso sizinakhazikike bwino. Kuchokera pa mphukira umodzi wokhwima, mutha kutenga impso zodzaza ndi 10-15. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri ya unamwino pakatikati pa Russia ndi theka lachiwiri la Julayi. Kupambana kwa budding kutengera luso. Pamtunda wa masentimita 3-5 kuchokera pansi, chowoneka ngati T chimapangidwa ndikusunthika kwakanthawi kwa mpeni kuti asakhudze minofu yamatabwa. Kutalika kwa kutalika kwakutali ndi masentimita 2-3. Pamalo oyanjana ndi zigundazo, khungubwe limakwezedwa (ndi fupa la mpeni wa maluwa). Chogwirira chimatengedwa ndi dzanja lamanzere ndikugwidwa ndi chala chachikulu ndi zala zapakati pamwendo. Chala cholozera chimakulitsidwa ndikuchirikiza chogwirizira kuchokera pansi. Mpeni umayikidwa pakona pachimake pa chogwiririra 1 mpaka 1.5 masentimita pamwamba pa impso. Ndikusunthira kwakumanja kwa dzanja lamanja, mpeniwo umayikiratu mosataya nkhuni ndikudziyendetsa wokha. Kutalika konse kwa phokoso kuyenera kusungidwa kuya komweko ndipo pansi pa impso pomwe tsamba limakulitsidwa pang'ono ndikumapanikizidwa kuti mugonjetse minofu yolumikizira mitolo. Chishango chodulidwa moyenera chimakhala ndi dothi loonda, kutalika kwake ndi 2-2,5 cm, malo omwe impso ili pakatikati.

Kukonzekera kwina kukuyambira kumaphatikizira nkhuni. Chishango chimagwidwa kumanzere ndi nkhuni ndikukwera. Matabwa amawakweza mosamala ndi mpeni ndikuyenda mwachangu, ndikuchirikiza ndi chala chakumanja, adalekanitsidwa ndi khungwa. Ngati chotupa cham'mimba chawonongeka, chilembe chikuyenera kuchotsedwa. Mphepo yokonzekereratu imatengedwa ndi petiole ndikuyiyika mu T-mawonekedwe osokonekera pamtoko. Fupa la mpeni lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusunthidwa ndikuwongolera pansi ndipo, makamaka, liyenera kukhala pakatipa. Makungwa amtunduwo amakodwa kuchikopa ndikumangidwa. Povula, gwiritsani ntchito kanema wonyezimira yemwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala a compress. Ma riboni amadulidwa 30 - 40 cm, kutalika kwa 1-1.5 cm.Nyambo zimayambira pamwamba ndipo zimatha pansi pa impso. Malekezero a tepi akhazikika pamwamba pa kusintha kosunthika kotembenuka kawiri. Mphepo imakhala yozungulira: Chigawo chilichonse chotsika chimakutidwa ndi chapamwamba. Zoyenera zigwiritsike mwamphamvu, popanda mipata, kutseka gawo lonse lalitali pamtunda. Mphukira yakuthwa ikhala lotseguka. Mapeto a tepi pansi amakhala okhazikika. Kenako chitsa chimadulidwa, pakatha masiku 5-7 ma oculants amayenera kuthiriridwa, ndipo patatha masiku 15-20 mutha kuyang'ana momwe mungapulumuke: masamba omwe adakhala ndi chonyezimira, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe atsopano, petiole amazimiririka ndikumapanikizika pang'ono. Osazolowera masamba kuwuma, kufota, tsamba petiole limagwira.

Ndibwino kuti mupange budding kuchokera 5 mpaka 10 komanso kuyambira 16 mpaka 20 maola. Osaphukira mvula. Atangoyamba kumene kuzizira, maimidwewo amakutidwa ndi peat yowuma ndi masentimita 5-10 pamwamba pamalowo. Chapakatikati, peat imakokedwa, zingwe zimachotsedwa ndipo mitengo ikudulidwa "paminga" pamwamba pa impso ndi masentimita 5-7. Impso zimachotsedwa pomwepo pomwepo, kupatula zomwe zili kumtunda kwa 2-3, zomwe zimapereka kuyamwa ndikupeza zakudya. Diso likayamba kukula, ndiye kuti impso zotsalazo zimachotsedwa pamtengo. Mphukira yatsopano imamangirizidwa ndi kangaude kuti isasweke.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Lilacs ndi osowa kwa tizirombo ndi matenda.. Zowopsa komanso zowopsa ndizotsatirazi.

Lilac Mining Moth kumenya masamba. Poyamba, amaphimbidwa ndi mawanga a bulauni - migodi, kenako ndikuwuma ndikuwuma. Chitsamba chimakhala ngati chikuwotchedwa. Chaka chotsatira, tchire ngati limachita maluwa. Gulugufe amatuluka pakati pa Meyi - koyambirira kwa Juni ndikuyika mazira pansi pa tsamba motsatira mitolo. Pambuyo pa masiku 5 mpaka 10, mbozizo zimatuluka ndi kulowa mkati mwa tsamba. Pakati pa mwezi wa Julayi, mbozi zimatsikira pansi ndikuyimba m'nthaka yakumtunda, mpaka akuya masentimita 5. Pambuyo masiku 18, agulugufe amatuluka. Wachiwiri-pupae yozizira m'nthaka panthaka ya masentimita 3-5.

Njira zoyendetsera. Kukumba dothi pansi pa tchire kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira ndikuphukira kuya kwamasentimita 20 kutembenuza nkhokwe. Nthawi yomweyo, chisamaliro chimayenera kuchitidwa kuti chisawononge mizu, popeza chimapezeka kwambiri ku lilac. Ndi zowonongeka zazing'ono tchire, dulani masamba omwe akhudzidwa ndikuwotcha.

Bakiteriya necrosis. Matendawa amakula m'chigawo choyamba cha Ogasiti. Matendawa amapatsirana ndi tizilombo, kudzera m'madzi nthawi yothirira, ndikubzala zinthu komanso kuvulala. The causative wothandizila hibernates mu wagwa masamba, mu zimakhala za matenda mphukira. Zizindikiro za matendawa: Masamba akuda, mphukira zofiirira. Choyamba, masamba ndi nsonga za mphukira zimakhudzidwa, ndiye matendawa amatsika. Mphukira zazing'ono zimakhudzidwa kuchokera kumunsi kwa tsamba.

Njira zoyendetsera. Kuyendetsa kwakanthawi. Kusonkhanitsa ndi kuwononga masamba agwa, kudulira ndi kuwotcha mbali zina za mbewu. Tchire lomwe limakhudzidwa kwambiri limachotsedwa ndikuwotchedwa. Lilac kudula musanataye katemera ayenera kutetezedwa.