Kufotokozera - Malawi a Violet

Mafotokozedwe ake ndi a banja la Gesneriaceae, lomwe likuyimiriridwa kwambiri mu maluwa amkati (Gesneriaceae) Kulongosola Kwachidziwitso cha Genus (Episcia) amachokera ku "episkios" achi Greek - amdima, otetezedwa, ali ndi mitundu 30 mpaka 40 yazomera. M'mabuku ofotokozera achingelezi, akuti: “Moto wamotoZomwe zikutanthauza "lawi la moto",Chomera cha peacock"(Maluwa a Peacock"), "Chameleon chomera”(Chameleon Chomera) kapena“ Orange african violet ”(Orange African Violet).

Malo omwe amafotokozerako nkhalango zotentha za ku Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, Guinea, Suriname ndi Antilles. Mwachilengedwe, iwo amakula ngati udzu wokhala ngati udzu wokhazikika, wokhala ndi mphukira zambiri, m'malo otetezeka, pansi pamitengo.

Mafotokozedwe akuwoneka. © Topjabot

Kufotokozera kwa mafotokozedwewo

Mafotokozedwewa ali ndi ndondomeko yoyang'ana masamba, masamba ndi ofanana, amakhala ochepa, kutengera mtunduwo, kuyambira 5 mpaka 20 cm kutalika ndi 3-10 cm mulifupi, pubescent, nthawi zambiri okhala ndi mitundu yofiirira. Kusungika kwa masamba akale ndi chomera chachikulu ndi chikhalidwe cha malongosoledwe, i.e. Zoyambira zazitali sizimawululidwa, koma zimasungidwa ndi masamba.

Mafotokozedwe amakulira makamaka kwa masamba okongola, koma duwa limawonekeranso bwino kwambiri motsutsana ndi masamba masamba achikuda. Duwa ndi "gramophone" kutalika kwa 3 cm ndi 1.5 cm mulifupi, kutengera mitundu. Maphalawo nthawi zambiri amakhala ofiira owala, pharynx ndi chikasu pamtunda, gawo lakunja limakhala lofiira ndi kukhathamiritsa kwachikasu. Koma pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malongosoledwe ndi maluwa apinki, lalanje, achikasu, abuluu, oyera ndi mangala.

Zomera zam'nyumba

Kukula mwachangu komanso kwamaluwa nthawi yayitali kumapangitsa zochitika kumitu yofunikira kwambiri pachikhalidwe chamkati. Kuphatikiza apo, nyengo yayitali yayitali ndi chikhalidwe cha zomwe zalembedwedwa - kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira.

Mafotokozedwe nthawi zambiri amakulimidwa ngati mbeu zokulirapo (drooping). Zomera zing'onozing'ono zomwe zibzalidwe mumphika kwa nthawi yayitali, koma zimagona, nthawi yomweyo zimaphukira mbali zazitali zimapangidwa zomwe zimapendekera m'mphepete. Zofanizira zazikulu zimafika kutalika pafupifupi 40-60 masentimita (sikawonjezereka) ndipo zimakhala ndi mphukira 20-30 zomwe zimaphuka, 5-10 zomwe zimatha kuphuka.

Mafotokozedwewo ndi ofiira amkuwa.

Zolemba za epistasis yomwe ikukula kunyumba

Kutentha: Zapakatikati pa nthawi ya kukula ndi maluwa, nthawi yozizira osachepera 18 ° C. Mafotokozedwe ayenera kutetezedwa ku zolemba.

Kuwala: Mafotokozedwewa amakonda kuwala kowala kosasunthika, koma ndikusayatsa, mtundu wamasamba amadzimaso umatha.

Kuthirira: Kutsirira kumachepetsa nthawi ya kukula ndi maluwa. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira ndizochenjera komanso zosowa.

Feteleza: Zowonjezera zakudya zimayambira kuyambira Epulo mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti, sabata. Gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wapadera wamaluwa amkati.

Chinyezi cha mpweya: Mafotokozedwe amafunikira chinyezi kwambiri. Miphika yokhala ndi mbewuzi imayikidwa poto yokhala ndi miyala yokumbira ndipo, kuphatikiza apo, imatsanulidwa nthawi zonse.

Thirani: Pakukula kwamagawo, ndibwino kutenga miphika yokwanira, osakweza kutalika. Zisinthidwa pachaka.

Kuswana: Mbewu, masamba odulidwa, ma rosette aakazi.

Mafotokozowa ndi ofiira owala.

Episode Care

Mafotokozedwewa amakonda mawonekedwe owala owala, popanda kuwunika mwachindunji. Malo abwino kuti aikidwepo ndi mawindo okhala ndi mawonekedwe akumadzulo kapena akummawa. Itha kumera pazenera zakumpoto. Pazenera loyang'ana kum'mwera, ikani chomera kutali ndi zenera kapena pangani kuwala ndi nsalu kapena pepala (gauze, tulle, pepala lotsata). M'nyengo yozizira, zolemba zake zimapereka kuyatsa kwabwino.

Munthawi zonse, malongosoledwewa amakonda kutentha kwa mpweya m'dera la 20-25 ° C, ndikofunikira kuti musachepetse pansi pa 18 ° C. Mu nthawi yophukira-yozizira, zolemba ziyenera kupewedwa.

Mafotokozedwe ake ali omvera pa boma lamadzi. Kuchepa kwambiri, komanso kukokomeza kwambiri, zimavulaza. Kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira, kuthirira kokhazikika kumafunikira, monga gawo loyambira la gawo lapansi. M'nyengo yozizira, kutsirira kwa ma episode kuli kocheperako, koma dongo silimaletsedwa kuti liume - amathiriridwa madzi, tsiku kapena awiri atayimitsa gawo loyera la gawo lapansi. Madzi ofewa, otetezedwa bwino madzi kutentha kutentha.

Popeza ndikosayenera kuti madzi agwere pamasamba a chomera, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito kuthirira kotsika.

Pofotokozera, chinyezi chowonjezereka ndichabwino. Kubalaza mwachindunji pamtengowo sikuyenera kutero, chifukwa masamba a pubescent amawola mosavuta, chifukwa chake vutani mpweya pafupi ndi chomera pokhazikitsa atomizer pang'ono. Kuti muwonjezere chinyezi, mutha kuyika miphika yofotokozera pamatayala okhala ndi dongo kapena lonyowa, pomwe pansi pamphika sikuyenera kukhudza madzi.

Chomera chimakhala choyenera kuti chikule mu mini-greenhouse ndi terrariums.

Panthawi yogwira ntchito, zomwe zimachitika mchaka ndi chilimwe zimaphatikizidwa milungu iwiri iliyonse ndikuthira feteleza wama mineral, ophatikizidwa kawiri mogwirizana ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito. Zophatikiza feteleza zimaphatikizidwanso kawiri polemekeza gawo lolimbikitsidwa.

Episia imakula mwachangu motero imafuna kupangidwa chitsamba. Atamasula, mphukira zimafupikitsika ndipo maukwati aakazi odula masamba obzalidwa amawokedwa mumphika womwewo kuti chitsamba chikhale chopambana.

Mitundu ikuluikulu yomwe ikukula mosadukizika imatha kuterera, yozikika mosavuta m'miphika yoyandikana nayo. Pachifukwa ichi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyimitsa mbewu kapena kuziyika pamiphika kuti mphukira zokwawa zisazike mizu, chifukwa izi zimachepetsa phindu lawo lokongoletsa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu kumalimbikitsidwa pachaka. Pakulima zolemba, ndibwino kutenga miphika yokwanira, yayitali. Dothi liyenera kukhala ndi acidic pang'ono kapena kusalowerera ndale (pH 5.5 - 6.5). Dothi losakanikirana limakhala ndi magawo awiri a nthaka yamasamba, gawo limodzi la peat (kapena malo otentha) ndi gawo limodzi la mchenga, sphagnum moss ndi zidutswa zamakala. Komanso gawo laling'onong'ono limatha kukhala ngati dothi la peat, peat ndi mchenga (3: 1: 1), ndikuphatikizira kwa sphagnum ndi makala. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza za Violet zogulidwa, etc. Patsani ngalande zabwino ndi mabowo akuluakulu oyikira pansi pa poto.

Mafotokozedwewa ndi amtundu wa clove. © R.G. Wilson

Kufalitsa

Malongosoledwe amafalikira mosavuta ndi kudulidwa kwa tsinde, masamba amodzi ndi mbewu. Kufalikira kwa mbewu kungapangitse kuti zinthu zosiyanasiyana zisinthe. Njira yosavuta yofalitsira ndi kuzika kwa mphukira zam'mbali. Mphukira zopangika ndi ma 3-4 opanda njira zawo zomwe zimayikidwa m'madzi, koma osamizidwa mwamphamvu (zosaposa 3-4 cm). Muthanso, popanda kusiyanitsa bokosi la mwana wamkazi pofotokozera kuchokera ku chomera cha mayi, m'malo mwa mphikawo ndi kukumba mphukira m'khola la masentimita angapo munthaka yonyowa. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mavuto ndi mizu yodula tsinde - imazika mizu mkati mwa sabata.

Kumbukirani kuti kutentha kwa dothi nthawi yamizu ya epistemia kuyenera kukhala osachepera +18 ° C, makamaka makamaka mozungulira +25 ° C. Zomera zazing'ono zimadutsa kangapo pamene zimakula (ndi pafupipafupi kamodzi pamwezi), i.e. kuziika popanda kuwononga dothi lonyowa m'mbale, lalifupi masentimita atatu kuposa momwe limapitira kale. Kukula kwakukulu kwamphika wazomera wamkulu kuli pafupifupi 20 cm. Njira yosavuta yofalitsira ma epithetswo ndi tsinde ndikudula ndikuwazika mizu mu dothi lapansi. Amalekanitsidwa ndikuwoka m'dothi lopepuka mumphika wocheperako (mainchesi 8-9 cm) ndikuyika mu hotbed kapena kuphimba mphika ndi mtsuko.

Kuphatikizika Kwamagawo

Zofotokozera, otchedwa "Kuwala" lapansi kusakanikirana. Gawo laling'ono limayenera kudutsa madzi ndi mpweya bwino, pH pafupifupi 5.5. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza zamtunda zopangidwira ma violets (senpolia). Nayi imodzi mwa izi: tengani magawo anayi (mwachitsanzo makapu 4) a "tsamba" la masamba, onjezani gawo limodzi la peat ndi 1 mchenga. Mutha kuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono wa sphagnum moss kapena makala. Pansi pa mphikawo, ikani zotayidwa za dongo labwino kwambiri, thonje lophwanyika kapena miyala.

Zofotokozera, makamaka, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito zosakanikirana zamtunda zomwe zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo azomera zamkati, komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti pafupifupi onsewa amapangidwa pamaziko a peat ndipo ndikofunika kuwonjezeranso masamba dothi kwa iwo motsatana. 1: 1, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti pH ya osakaniza ndi pafupifupi 5.5. Dothi lamtunda ndiye dothi lapamwamba kwambiri (masentimita 5) kuchokera pansi pa mizu ya belir, lindens. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pofotokozera mwa kuwonjezera mchenga wowuma (chimodzimodzi gawo limodzi la mchenga mpaka magawo anayi a dziko lapansi); kapena dongo lokulitsa (mu chiyerekezo 1: 6); kapena ufa wina wophika: perlite (1: 5); wosweka sphagnum moss (1: 5); peat (1: 3).

Otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimitsa mafotokozedwe: Magawo awiri a peatoti peat, magawo awiri a nthaka yamasamba ndi gawo limodzi la sphagnum moss. Sphagnum moss ili ndi maubwino angapo kuphatikiza ufa wina wophika: ndiwosangalatsa kwambiri, wosakanikirana kwambiri, uli ndi pH yochepa acid yomwe imakhala yolondola pofotokozera komanso imakhala ndi malingaliro okhudzana, omwe ndiwothandiza kwambiri pofalitsa mbewu izi popanda madzi apakatikati.

Zovuta zomwe zingakhalepo pakukula pazinthu

Kufotokozera sikumakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo tomwe timayamwa tofala tomwe timakonda chikhalidwe cham'nyumba. Choopsa chachikulu kwa iwo ndi kuvunda, chifukwa cha chinyezi chambiri m'nthaka pakuwachepa komanso kutentha pang'ono m'nyengo yozizira. Ndikothekanso kuwola tsinde ndi masamba odulidwa ofotokozedwawo pofalitsa.

Kupewa kwa zowola: kusiyanitsidwa kwa madzi mumphika (kuvomerezera kupezeka kwa mabowo pansi poto, kuthirira pambuyo poyanika dothi lapamwamba mumphika); kuwonjezera makala ophwanyika (5-10% mwa voliyumu) kapena mapukusi owuma a sphagnum (10-20% ndi voliyumu) m'nthaka. Chomera chokhala ndi mizu yovunda kapena yodwala chimawoneka ngati chosalala m'nthaka mumphika. Zidula zimadulidwa pachomera ndipo amazizika mu mtsuko wamadzi kapena nthawi yomweyo pansi. Nthaka yakale iyenera kutayidwa, ndipo mbale zowotchera.

Ndi mpweya wouma kwambiri, nsonga za masamba zimatha kutha ndipo kukula kwachinyamata kumatha. Kutsirira kosasinthika kungapangitse masamba ena kuti asokere. Chifukwa cha kuwala kwambiri ndi dzuwa, masamba amatha kuzimiririka. Pamalo amdima kwambiri, zomerazo zimataya mtundu wawo ndikuchepera.

Kufotokozera kumatha kukhudzidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, mealybugs, nematode, ndi tizirombo tina tamizu. Njira zowongolera - kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhala ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo: actellik, neoron, cymbush, etc. Ndikofunikira kuwaza chomera ndi njira ndikuthirira nthaka kuti madzi atuluke m'mbuna pansi. Kukonzanso kumachitika mobwerezabwereza katatu ndi gawo la masiku 7-10. Mukadwala ndi nematode (ndikupanga mapangidwe azotupa pamizu), zodula zimadulidwa pachomera, nthaka imatayidwa, ndipo mbale zimaphika.

Mitundu yotchuka ya timitu

Carnation (Episcia dianthiflora)

Synonym: Alsobia clove (Nayonso dianthiflora) - yodzipatula mu mtundu wina wa Yetbia. Malo omwe mbewuyo imabadwira ndi Mexico. Chomera chosatha cha mitundu itatu ya mphukira: chidafupikitsidwa ndi masamba apafupi komanso kutalika kochepa, kumachita khungu ndi ukalamba, kuzika mizere mumiyendo (ndevu zamlomovu), zokhala ndi mabowo aakazi Masamba ndi ang'ono, 3 cm kutalika, 2 cm mulifupi, elliptical to ovoid, m'mphepete mwa tawuni, zobiriwira zakuda ndi midrib yofiirira, yochepa velvety pubescent. Maluwa ndi osakwatiwa, oyera ndi utoto wofiirira kummero ndi mphonje m'mphepete mwa dzanja. Pali mitundu ingapo yokongoletsa kwambiri.

Episcia mkuwa wofiirira (Episcia cupreata)

Imamera m'malo otsetsereka, pamalo okwera kwambiri mikono 2000 pamtunda wa nyanja, m'malo otentha a mvula ku Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil. Chitsamba chamuyaya, chili ndi kukula kwakukulu kuposa mitundu yam'mbuyomu. Mphukira zokwawa, ozika mizere mu gawo lapansi. Masamba ndi owoneka bwino, ozungulira-pafupi, owoneka ngati mtima pansi, 6-13 masentimita m'litali ndi 4- cm mulifupi, pubescent; bulawuni wobiriwira mpaka mkuwa pamwamba, wokhala ndi mzere wotambalala yoyera mkati mwa mtsempha ndi mawanga, ofiira pansi, wokhala ndi mzere wobiriwira pakati. Maluwa amodzi, ofiira owopsa kapena ofiira ofiira; corolla chubu 2-2.5 masentimita, kutalika kwamkaka ndi malo ofiira, kunja kofiyira. Limamasula mu chirimwe, mu Julayi-Seputembara.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala mukamadutsa ndipo ali ndi mitundu yambiri yazikhalidwe ndi mitundu:

wokhala ndi masamba akulu kwambiri (11-14 cm), maolivi a brownis kumtunda, owala, opindika ngati siliva m'mitsempha, pinki pansipa;
Masamba ofiirira amtundu wa siliva, wonyezimira, wopanda m'mphepete mwa azitona, otuwa ndipo amawoneka pakati pamitsempha, pinki pansipa;
yokhala ndi masamba akuluakulu, azitona amtundu wonenepa, wofewa pang'ono, wokhala ndi mkombero wowala kwambiri wamkati moyandikira mtsempha wapakati;
Masamba amakhala okhazikika pamaso, wobiriwira, wobiriwira, wobiriwira, m'maso mwake.
Masamba osalala, obiriwira opepuka, okhala ndi siliva mikwingwirima yapakati komanso yotsatira.

Chilengedwe Chozungulira (Episcia reptans)

Imapezeka m'malo otentha m'malo otentha mvula ku Brazil, Colombia, Guiana, Suriname. Zosatha herbaceous zomera. Mphukira zokwawa, zazitali, zophukira. Masamba ndi elliptical, 4-8 masentimita kutalika ndi 2-5 cm mulitali, ofunda pamtima, pansi penipeni, masamba obiriwira a azitona komanso bulauni pamwamba, ofiira pansi, otutira pang'ono pamwamba, otumphukira m'mphepete; m'mitsempha yapakati komanso mpaka theka la kutalika kwa mitsempha yotsekera ndi chingwe chobiriwira -obiriwira. Maluwa amakhala okha, omwe ali m'makoma a masamba, pamiyala yofiyira; corolla chubu 2,5-3,5 masentimita; pharynx wa corolla 2 cm, pinki mkati, ofiira kunja. Limamasula mu Julayi-Seputembara. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mbewu ya ampel.