Yoyenerera dzina loti "upstart" chifukwa cha liwiro lake lachitukuko cham'madzi, marshmallow yaying'ono yabwino kwambiri ndi imodzi mwazomera zodziwika bwino zamkati. Zefyranthes imagonjetsa ndi chiyero cha mitundu ndi mawonekedwe ake, maluwa ochulukirapo komanso osazindikira. Uku si kunyezi wosavuta kukula, koma mwachidziwikire ndiwothandiza kwambiri. Choyera, cha pinki, chachikaso,-toni ziwiri - kwa aliyense pakati pa zephyrantes pali zokonda.
Zachyranthes
Ma marshmallows osalala komanso okongola.
Oimira mtundu wa Zefiranthes wobzala monga mbewu zomwe zalimidwa, sizodabwitsa kuti adatenga dzina lawo kuchokera ku marshmallows - mphepo yakumadzulo (m'Chigiriki, dzina la chomera limamveka "duwa lamkuntho lamadzulo"). Zazyranthes ndiwofatsa, wodabwitsa modabwitsa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amadziwika ngati mkatikati monga mpweya wabwino, duwa. Chomera chimawoneka ngati maluwa owala bwino, pofotokozera kufananizira koteroko. Gawo lonyambalo limawoneka mwatsopano modabwitsa, loyera, ngati kuti limapumulanso mzimu ndi maso ake. Ungwiro ndi kuphweka kwa Zefuranthes samadziwadi kufanana. Ngakhale motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa mababu ena amkati - onse osowa komanso otchuka - amaonekabe apadera. Mitundu ya anthu a chomera imawonetsera kukongola kwake - kakombo ka maluwa, kakombo wa mvula, duwa lamvula, kakombo wa marshmallow, duwa la marshmallow ndi "marshmallow" chabe.
Woimira uyu wa banja la Amaryllis ali ndi mababu ang'onoang'ono, ndipo chomeracho sichabwino kwambiri. Masamba a Zephyranthes ndi a glossy, amtundu komanso osalala, okhala ndi lamba kapena mzere, kuyambira 25 mpaka 40 cm.
Zazyranthes - mbewu, modabwitsa kuthamanga kwa chitukuko cha ma peduncle. Kwenikweni, pakukula "kwakanthawi" kwamitengo yamaluwa, adapeza dzina lodziwika "" upstart ". Kuyambira pomwe imawoneka pamwamba pamtunda kuti maluwa, pakangopita masiku awiri okha. Mosiyana ndi ambiri omwe amapikisana nawo, osati inflorescence, koma maluwa amodzi amadzala pachimera pa zephyranthes. Chojambulidwa ndi utoto, chokhala ngati kakombo kapena koluka, wooneka ngati nyenyezi, amafika mainchesi 2-8. Tsoka ilo, maluwa onse amatuluka mwachangu monga maonekedwe - amakhala pafupifupi masiku awiri okha.
Nthawi ya maluwa ya zephyranthes imasiyana m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana: imatha kuphuka nthawi yozizira, komanso nthawi ya masika, komanso yotentha.
Mtundu wa zephyrantes umaphatikizapo mitundu ya pinki, yoyera, yachikaso mumitundu yoyera kwambiri.
Zachyranthes
Mitundu ya Zefaniya
Mtundu wa Sefyranthes, mitundu 40 ya zomera. Mwa izi, zosakwana khumi ndi imodzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsera. Mwachilengedwe, anyezi wapaderawu amatha kupezeka ku Caribbean, South ndi Central America. Zomwe zimachokera zimakhudza kwambiri machitidwe omwe amabzala mbewuzi.
Zazyranthes nthawi zambiri zimadziwika ndi mtundu wawo, zomwe zimawunikira mtundu wachikasu, oyera oyera komanso oyera otuwa, komanso mbewu zomwe zili ndi utoto wamitundu iwiri. Ngakhale mtundu wa dzina la Zefiranthes nthawi zambiri samasamalidwa, mitundu yonse ya bulbous ili ndi mawonekedwe ake komanso kusiyana kwakukulu pakupanga kwamaluwa.
Chofala kwambiri ngati chomera munyumba chimawerengedwa kuti ndi vuto ku Guatemalan - marshmallows ang'ono (Zachyranthes minutaomwe amadziwika kuti Zazyranthes grandiflora - Zazyranthes grandiflora) Ichi ndi chopepuka chaching'ono kwambiri (cham'mimba mwake mpaka 3 cm, chofupikitsa khosi) chokhala ndi masamba opyapyala mpaka 30 cm ndi 0.8 cm mulifupi, chosiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wokongola wakuda. Maluwa amodzi okhala ndi mawonekedwe opindika mpaka mainchesi 8 kutulutsa pachimake mpaka 30cm, kutalika kwa mawonekedwe a "maswiti" apinki ndi kuwala kwa lalanje. Zachikuluzikulu zazikulu zokhala ndi maluwa a Bopyranthes kuyambira Epulo mpaka Julayi.
Zeferanthes Lindley (Zazyranthes lindleyana) ndi mtundu wina wamtundu wa pinki wokhala ndi maluwa mpaka masentimita 7. Limamasula mochedwa, kuyambira Julayi mpaka Ogasiti. Mababu mpaka mainchesi 4 amatulutsa masamba okulirapo mpaka 1.5 masentimita. Maluwa ake ndi ofiira, opindika pang'ono pang'ono pang'ono, ndi pharynx wowala ndi ma stamens owala, owoneka ngati kakombo, okhala ndi malilime onga malilime.
Pazina la "zephyranthes yoyera" nthawi zambiri limakula Zachyranthes Atamasco kapena Zafiranthes Atamas (Zachyranthes atamasco) Ichi ndi chopindika modabwitsa chokhala ndi masamba obiriwira odera obiriwira mpaka 25cm, chovekedwa ndi maluwa oyera okhala ndi maluwa opaka mpaka mainchesi 8. Mababu ndi ochepa, ovoid, mpaka 2 cm mulifupi, ali ndi khosi lalifupi. Babu iliyonse imatulutsa masamba 6. Maluwa amtunduwu amatenga kuyambira Epulo mpaka nyundo.
Koma zochulukirapo sizofanana kompositi, koma mitundu yokongola yocheperako ya ku Argentina, Paraguay ndi Brazil - marshmallows oyera (Zachyranthes candida) Mbali yodziwika bwino ya zephyranthes iyi imakhala yopapatiza masamba osakwana 0.5 cm. Olimba bwino komanso owoneka bwino, amakula mpaka 40 cm. Chulu chamtunduwu ndi chowulungika, ndi mainchesi mpaka 3 cm, wokhala ndi khosi lalitali, pafupifupi mpaka 5 cm. Ma piligine ndi ochepa thupi, amawonekera kuyambira Julayi mpaka Seputembara. Maluwa okhala ndi ulusi wopindika ndi mainchesi opindika kufika pa masentimita 6-8, nthawi zambiri mphindikati zakunja zimafowola pang'ono. Ma zephyranthes awa amapanga ma sodium okongola kwambiri, omwe amasiya njira zosiyanasiyana.
Koma mitundu yokhayo yotchuka, yowala maluwa achikasu - Zachyranthes Golide (Zachyranthes aurea) lero otaya mawonekedwe a Gabrantus yemwe anali ndi nthawi yayitali (Habranthus longifolius) wa mtundu Gabrantus. Chomera chokhala ndi masamba opyapyala komanso maluwa achikasu achikasu mpaka 800 masentimita. Babuyo ndi yozungulira, mpaka 3 cm. Masamba amakhala mzere, mpaka 30 cm. Kutulutsa kwa zephyranthes izi nthawi zambiri kumatenga nthawi yozizira.
Zephyranthes zamitundu iwiri ndizodziwika kwambiri - Zazyranthes wokhala ndi mitundu yambiri (Zachynanthes multicolor) Mababu okhala ndi masamba owala mpaka atatu mainchesi amatulutsa masamba atatu sentimita ndi maluwa amodzi okhazikika. Mtundu woyera woyera umaphatikizidwa ndi malo amdima m'munsi mwa mapira ndi mitsempha yabwino kwambiri, ndikupanga chithunzi chakuti chitumbuwa cha chitumbuwa chimasunthira m'maluwa. Kunja ndi kofiyira. Awa ndi a Zephantanthes a Januwale kutuluka pakati pa dzinja.
Zazyranthes ting'onoting'ono (Sefyranthes minuta).
Zachyranthes zoyera (Zazyranthes candida).
Zachyranthes atamasco.
Kusamalira Zazyrantes
Ngakhale zephyranthes zambiri za chaka zimawoneka zosafunikira kwenikweni, kukongola kwake kwa maluwa kumakwanirirana bwino ndi masamba osawerengeka, ndipo osati kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali. M'malo mwake, zonse zomwe zimafunikira pamtunda ndizowunikira bwino komanso nthawi yopuma muuma komanso kuzizira, chisamaliro mosamala komanso chisamaliro.
Nthawi yopumula
Monga mababu ena onse, ma marshmallows sayenera kukhala ndi maluwa apadera komanso gawo lopanda. Nthawi yachisanu chomera ikatha kusinthika momwe mungafunire. Panthawi yogonera, zinthu zitatu ndizofunikira pa zephyranthes:
- kutentha kozizira;
- kuyatsa kowala ndikusunga masamba ndi malo amdima posakhalapo;
- pafupifupi gawo lowuma.
Kutalika koyenera kwa gawo lopumulirako ndi miyezi 2-3, koma ngati mungafune, mutha kuutambasulira nthawi yayitali. Ngakhale a Zebranthes ali ndi miyezi yambiri pamtunda wokhazikika, mbewuzo sizingakhale pachimake zikagwiritsidwa nyengo yabwino. Kwa bulb iyi, ndikofunikira kudikirira nthawi yoyambira payokha, ndikumasintha ndikusintha kukhala komweko.
Kusintha kwa nyengo yokhala matalala kuyeneranso kukhala kwachilengedwe: mbewuyo iyenera kuyamba kugwa masamba, ndipo chikatha chikaso mbali ya masamba, kuthilira kumayimitsidwa ndipo pokhapokha mbewuyo itasinthidwa kukhala yatsopano. Amasiyira kumtunda pokhapokha pokhapokha kuyanika pokhapokha ngati chomera chiwasunga (pang'ono), ndiye kuti gawo loyang'ambalo silouma kwathunthu ndikuthilira ndilochepa, koma amadyera othandizira.
Zowunikira Zefirantes
Izi zazing'onoting'ono zazing'onozi ndizikhalidwe zamtunduwu ndipo sizilekerera ngakhale pang'ono pang'ono. Zazyranthes zimakula bwino mu kuwala kowala. Mukakhazikitsa zowaza, zimatha kukhazikika pawindo lakumwera komanso khonde ladzuwa.
Kwa matalala, ngati zephyranthes zikusunga masamba pang'ono, kuunikiranso kuyenera kukhala kowala momwe kungathekere. Ndi kuyanika kwathunthu kwamasamba, mbewu zimatha kuikidwa ngakhale mumdima.
Njira yabwino pakukula kwa zephyranthes ndizowonera kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo sill.
Zachyranthes
Kutentha kosangalatsa
Munthawi yakutukuka kwantchito, kutentha kulikonse kwa chipinda kumagwirizana ndi zephyranthes. Mulingo woyenera kwambiri umachokera ku 18 mpaka 25 degrees. Bulb sakonda kutentha kwamphamvu, kumayenda pamatenthedwe kwambiri kumachepetsedwa ndikutha. M'nyengo yotentha, zibangiri zimatha kutengedwa kupita mumlengalenga, zikaikidwa m'malo otentha, koma nthawi zonse zimatetezedwa ku mphepo komanso mphepo.
Munthawi yopumira, ngakhale igwe kugwa, nthawi yozizira, kapena musinthira kwina, mbewuyo imayenera kupatsidwa malo abwino. Zazyranthes ndizokonzekera bwino kutulutsa mu kutentha kuchokera madigiri 8 mpaka 12, koma ngati dothi lili louma, ndiye zephyranthes amatha kulolera kutsika kwa kutentha mpaka zero. Mtengo wokwanira wamatenthedwe mu nthawi yonseyo ndi madigiri 15.
M'chilimwe, zephyranthes sitingatengeke ndi mpweya wabwino, kuwundana m'mundamu, komanso kumuika dothi lotseguka (kufufutidwa kuyenera kuchitidwa woyamba woyamba chisanu). Zabzalidwe m'chilimwe m'nthaka, mbewu zimapanga mababu akuluakulu, motero zimaphukira bwino chaka chamawa.
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Zefiranthes ngakhale pamwamba pa maluwa amafunika kuthirira pang'ono. Bulb iyi imathiriridwa mosamala, kulola nthaka kuti iume pakati pa kuthirira pamtunda wapamwamba. Zefyrantes ndizonyalanyaza chinyezi, kukhululuka zolakwa, koma ndibwino kupewa kupukuta dothi kapena kunyowa.
Kwa matalala kapena kutentha kwambiri, marshmallows amafunika kuthirira kochepa, kumangothandizira moyo chomera. Kusintha kwawo pafupipafupi kumatengera ngati masamba a zephyranthes amasunga kapena kutayika. Ngati chomera sichikutaya masamba kwathunthu, ndiye kuti kuthirira osowa kumachitika, ndipo ngati masamba akutembenukira chikasu kwathunthu, ndiye kuti kuthilira kumayimitsidwa. Pambuyo pobwezeretsa kapena kubzala mababu atsopano m'chaka, olima ena amalimbikitsa kuthirira pang'ono kuti marshmallows adzuke m'mamawa. Koma ndikwabwino kuiwalanso za kuyambiranso kosalekeza mpaka zizindikiritso zoyambirira zitakula.
Kuchulukitsa chinyezi cha mpweya si ntchito yovomerezeka. Koma ngati mpweya mchipindacho ndi wouma kwambiri, ndibwino kupopera mafuta m'chipinda cham'madzi kuti tisunge masamba okongoletsera.
Zachyranthes
Mavalidwe a Marshmallow
Z feteleza za marshmallows zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi 1 nthawi m'masabata awiri, koma pokhapokha kuyambira pachiyambi cha masamba achichepere mpaka kumapeto kwa maluwa. Pa mbewuyi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza apadera pazomera zamaluwa. Kuchulukitsa kwa feteleza sikumachepetsedwa, ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa omwe akupanga. Izi anyezi amayankha bwino kuvala organic, koma kokha m'chaka.
Zazyranthes kupatsira zina ndi gawo lapansi
Monga bulb yambiri yaying'ono, zephyranthes ndi "banja" mbewu. Amapanga zigawo zonse ndikukula mbewu za ana aakazi, kudzaza zotengera mwachangu modabwitsa. Maluwa azomera zokhazokha samayerekeza: zimachitika chifukwa cha kupangidwa kwa zisa ndi magulu kuti zikuwoneka kuti zephyranthes zimamasula kwambiri, ndipo, chilichonse, peduncle iliyonse imangotulutsa maluwa amodzi. Mukamakula, njerezi zimakula kwambiri ndipo zimakula kwambiri. Izi zimawonetsa mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa zosunthira: ma marshmallows "amadzichotsera" ku chidebe chatsopano pokhapokha atadzaza malo onse mumphika.
Madeti obwezera ma zephyranthes amafotokozedwa mosamalitsa: samachitika kale, koma kumapeto kwa nthawi yotsika.
Gawo lirilonse la zephyrantes ndiloyenera ngati lili ndi thanzi lokwanira, lotayirira, komanso lapamwamba kwambiri. Zomera, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza zapadziko lapansi. Udzu wabwino kwambiri umachokera pa 5.8 mpaka 6.0 pH. Ngati mukusakaniza dothi nokha, ndiye kuti mutenga dothi lofanana, humus ndi mchenga ndikuwonjezera gawo la feteleza wa phosphate.
Miphika yambiri ya marshmallows sitiwonjezeka. Chomera chizikhala ndi malo oti chitukukirepo, kukula ana akhanda, koma malo ochulukirachulukira amakupangitsani kudikira maluwa kwa zaka zingapo. Makonda ayenera kuperekedwa kwa onse, koma osaya zotengera.
Njira yofukizira marshmallows ndiyosavuta. Ngati mukufuna kufalitsa mbewuzo, ana ena adalekanitsidwa, ndikusiyapo "chisa" chaching'ono cha mbewu 6-8 ndikubzala mabalowo momwemo momwe adakulira mu chidebe cham'mbuyo, ndikukhazikika mu gawo lapansi (moyenera, kukulitsa babu motsatira khosi - ngati chanu Zefiranthes ndizitali, kenako khosi limayenera kutuluka pamwamba pamtunda). Chachikulu sikuti kuthirira mababu omwe mwangobzala kumene mutangobzala ndikudikirira masiku angapo kuti nyowetsani nthaka mpaka pompopompo zigwirizane (kuthirira pambuyo pozisakaniza kumalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chowola cha mababu).
Mababu a Zefiranthes.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo ta Zefiranthes
Zazyranthes nthawi zambiri zimadwala tizirombo - onse mphutsi za amaryllis komanso nthata wamba za kangaude ndi tizilombo tambiri. Pamaso apa, ndibwino kulimbana ndi tizilombo nthawi yomweyo ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo (ofunikira kapena owongoka kwambiri). Pakawonongeka kwambiri ndi nyongolotsi ya amaryllis, ndibwino kutaya mbewuzo.
Mavuto omwe amakhala nawo pamakulima
- kusowa kwamaluwa ndi mphika wokulirapo, kuphwanya kutentha kwa nyengo, kuthirira kosayenera pa nthawi yokhala phee, kuyatsa bwino kapena kuwotcha mafuta;
- kutayika kwa masamba ndi chikaso cham'mera mwachangu ndi chilimwe chifukwa cha kuyanika kwa gawo lapansi;
- maluwa osayenda bwino pakusefukira, chilala, kutentha kwambiri.
Kusindikizidwa kwa Zazyranthes
Choyambacho chimafalikira zonse ndikusiyanitsa mababu a mwana wamkazi, ndikukula kwa mbewu.
Kulekanitsa zisa ndikulekanitsa mababu ndiyo njira yosavuta. Nthawi yomweyo, sagwiritsa ntchito anyezi umodzi: chomera cha marshmallows osachepera anyezi 3-4 mumphika umodzi wamkati.
Mbeu za mbewu ndizovuta kupeza. Choyamba, ma zephyranthes amafunikira kupukutidwa mwaumunthu. Ndipo chachiwiri, mbande zimakonda kwambiri kuvunda ndikutulutsa bwino mchaka chachitatu kapena chachinayi. Mbewu zanyengo zimachedwa kumera ndipo ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano. Kubzala kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, kufalitsa mbewu nthawi zambiri, pamtunda wa 2,5-3 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake komanso osaphimba dothi. Pansi pa kanema kapena galasi amaonekera pofunda, kuchokera malo owala 22 madigiri ndikukhalitsa chinyezi chokhazikika. Chomera chimakhala chosowa zingapo (choyambirira mumbale zazikulu, kenako zingapo mumiphika yaying'ono).
