Plantain (Plantago) ndi wa banja la plantain. Mitundu iyi imayimiriridwa ndi zitsamba, komanso masamba osatha ndi pachaka a herbaceous. Malinga ndi chidziwitso chochokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, mtunduwu umagwirizanitsa mitundu 150-250. Oimira genus Psyllium pazachilengedwe amatha kupezeka pakona iliyonse ya Dziko Lapansi. Mitundu yambiri ndi namsongole. Komabe, pakati pawo pali ena omwe ali ndi mankhwala, monga: nthata kapena nthata, ndipo ndikakulitsa zazikulu kapena zokulirapo. Mwachilengedwe, chikhalidwechi chimakonda kukula m'malo opanda kanthu, mapiri, misewu, ngakhale mchenga. Zina mwazomera zomwe zalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira.
Zinthu za therere chomera
Plantain ali ndi chifupizifupi, komwe mizu yopyapyala ngati chingwe imachoka. Pepala loyambira masamba limaphatikizapo masamba a petiolate. Monga lamulo, nthumwi za maluwa amtunduwu zimakhala zopanda masamba komanso zowongoka. Komabe, nthawi zina pamakhalanso mitundu yomwe ma peduncle amakhala masamba ndi nthambi. Mtundu womaliza wokhala ndi gawo limodzi kapena maluwa owundana umakhala ndi maluwa ochepa kwambiri, omwe samayimira kukongoletsa kulikonse. Zipatso za mbewuyi ndi bokosi lamitundu yambiri. Monga lamulo, mphepo imakhudzana ndi kupukutidwa kwa plantain.
Kulima
Momwe mungabzalire
Mitundu yotereyi monga chinsalu chachikulu imadziwika ndi nthaka. Koma nthawi yomweyo sikulimbikitsidwa kuti ikule panthaka yolemera kapena yonyowa. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pamalo omwewo mbewu ya herbaceous imabzalidwa osaposa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu.
Asanayambe kulamula mwachindunji, malowo ayenera kukonzekera. Kuti muchite izi, kukumba, ndipo feteleza akuyenera kuthira dothi, mwachitsanzo, magalamu 30 a superphosphate, ma kilogalamu 4-6 a kompositi ndi magalamu 15 a feteleza wa potaziyamu amatengedwa gawo lililonse lalitali. Mukafuna kukumba malowo, sinthanani pamtunda, ndipo liyenera kuphatikizidwanso.
Wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kubzala mbewu za plantain panthaka nthawi yozizira. Kuti izi zitheke, mitengoyo iyenera kukonzedwa, ndipo kuya kwake kuyenera kukhala mainchesi 0.5, pomwe mtunda pakati pawo uyenera kuchokera pa 0.45 mpaka 0.6 metres. Ma gululi atakonzeka, amafunika kugawa nthangala zankhuni, zomwe zimakutidwa ndi dothi losakhala lakuda kwambiri. Ubwino wabzala nyengo yachisanu ndikuti m'nthaka yozizira mbewuyo imadutsa mwachilengedwe, ndipo ikayamba masika ochezeka amawonekera pamalowo. Ngati kufesa mbewu kudaganiziridwa kuti zizikhazikitsidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa chaka, ndiye kuti adzafunika stratization. Poyamba, mbewu imatsukidwa kwa masiku angapo m'malo momwe kutentha kwa mpweya kumayambira 18 mpaka 20 degrees. Pambuyo pake, njere zimayikidwa mumtsuko wagalasi kapena thumba la polyethylene, yomwe imadzazidwa ndi mchenga wothira mu chiyerekezo cha 1: 4. Kenako zosakanikirazo ziyenera kuyikidwedwa paphewa la firiji kwa miyezi iwiri yozizira, yokonzera masamba. Mwadongosolo, chidebe cha mbewu chimayenera kuchotsedwa mufiriji ndi zomwe zimagwedezeka bwino. Komanso, nthawi ndi nthawi amafunika kuyang'ana momwe mchenga uliri, ndipo ngati pakufunika zotere, ndiye kuti umanyowa.
Kubzala mbewu kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira nthawi yomweyo nthaka itanyowa. Asanabzale, dothi pamalopo liyenera kumasulidwa bwino mpaka mamilimita 30 mpaka 40, pomwe pansi pake limakulungika. Mukabzala mbewu m'nthaka ziyenera kuyikidwa m'manda 1cm.
Zosamalira
Plantain wamkulu m'munda ndi wosavuta kuwasamalira. Kuti herbaceous chomera chikamakula ndikukula bwino, chimayenera kuthirira panthawi yake, kudula ndi kumasula dothi lapansi pakati pa tchire. Makamaka ayenera kulipira udzu wobzala mu chaka choyamba cha kukula kwake, chifukwa nthawi imeneyi tchire silili lofooka, ndipo limatha kumera udzu mwachangu msanga. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, masula pansi chiwembu, ndikufunikabe kutulutsa udzu wonse mbande yoyamba itatuluka. Kuchepetsa mbewu zofunikira safuna kupatulira, ngakhale zitakhala zochuluka kwambiri.
Chomera chamtundu wotere chimafuna kudyetsedwa nthawi zonse. Nthawi yoyamba kudyetsa plantain ndikofunikira kumayambiriro kwa nthawi ya masika. Kachiwiri kuvala tchire kumachitika pambuyo poti gulu lonse la masamba lithe. Mutha kudyetsa mbewu zomwe mwadya ndi Nitrofos, pomwe mulingo woyenera uyenera kufotokozeredwa ponyamula feteleza uyu. Komanso, m'malo mwa Nitrofoski, pamtundu uliwonse wa mita, mutha kupanga magalamu 15 mpaka 20 a feteleza aliyense wokhala ndi nayitrogeni.
Kukula kachulukidwe patsamba lanu sikungakhale kovuta kwa walimi wodziwa dimba kapena woyamba. Chachikulu ndikutsatira malamulo onse aukadaulo waulimi pachikhalidwe ichi ndikuwasamalira, ndiye kuti simudzakhala ndi vuto ndi mbewuyi.
Kubzala mbewu
Akatswiri amalangizidwa kuti atenge mankhwala a zitsamba kuchokera ku zitsamba zam'mera mvula itatha kale. Komabe, musanakolole, muyenera kudikirira kuti chomera chiume bwino. M'chaka choyamba cha udzu, ndiye kuti nthawi imodzi yokha amakolola kuchokera kuthengo. Kuchokera pazomera ziwiri kapena zitatu zakubadwa, mbewuyo imayenera kuchotsedwa kawiri pakulima, pomwe zokolola zoyambirira zitangoyamba kuphukira, ndipo yachiwiri masabata 6-8 isanayambike nthawi yophukira. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pamtchire nthawi yamasika isanathe kukulira ayenera kukhala ndi nthawi yokulitsa masamba atsopano.
Ndi masamba omwe amangoyambira masentimita 10-12 pakadali pano omwe ayenera kudulidwa. Kuti tiumitse zida zophatikizidwa, ziyenera kuyikidwa m'malo otetezeka, zitha kuyikidwanso m'chipinda chomwe chili ndi mpweya wokwanira kapena podutsa mpweya, pomwe kutentha kokwanira kuti kuyume kumakhala kuchokera madigiri 40 mpaka 50. Ngati mungafune, mapepalawo amatha kuumikizidwa m'matumba kuti aume. Mukamakola masamba mukusonkhanitsa mankhwala opangira mankhwala, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti musavulaze rhizome, komanso tsamba la masamba. Mankhwala akayamba kuwuma ayenera kukhala ndi mtundu wonyezimira kapena wobiriwira ndipo amakhala ndi fungo labwino komanso kununkhira kowawa.
Mbali yotsika ya inflorescence ipse bwino, ndikofunikira kutola mbewu za mbewu iyi, chowonadi ndichakuti, monga masamba amakala, ali ndi mphamvu zochiritsa. Muyenera kudula inflorescence pamunsi, atapuma kwa masiku 3-5, ayenera kupunthwa.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yamapulogalamu okhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Mwa kuchuluka kwamitundu yambiri yazikhalidwe, ndi okhawo awiri omwe amapanga mankhwala opangira mankhwala. Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane kudzaperekedwa pansipa.
Mchenga wa Plantain (Latin Plantago arenaria), kapena wankhanza, kapena wachi India, kapena utitiri, kapena utitiri
Mtundu wa plantain uwu umaimiridwa ndi chomera cha herbaceous chaka chilichonse. Kutalika kwa nthambi zamitengo kumafikira pafupifupi 0,4 metres. Pamwambapa, mphukira ndi glandular-pubescent. Masamba otsutsa amtunduwu ndi amalire ndi okhazikika-kolimba, kutalika kwake amafikira pafupifupi mamilimita 70. Pamwambapa, masamba adasanjidwa. Mitengo ya caporescence, yomwe imakhala ndi ovoid mawonekedwe, imakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono. Pamwamba pa inflorescence palinso kupindika kokhazikika, komwe kumakhala ndi tsitsi lakumaso. Chipatso cha mbewuyi ndi bokosi la ellipsoidal mawonekedwe, mkati mwake momwe muli mbewu. Awiri udzu ndi mbewu za mtundu uwu zam'mera zimakhala ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ena.
Plantain ndi wamkulu (Latin Plantago yayikulu), kapena plantain ndi wamkulu
Mtundu uwu ndi mbewu yotchedwa herbaceous, yomwe ndi yosatha. Mizu yonyansa imachoka pakapangidwe kakang'ono. Rasette wa masamba oyambira ali ndi masamba omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe owulungika ndipo ali ndi petioles lalitali. Kutalika kwa peduncle yowongoka kuchokera pa 0.15 mpaka 0.45 metres, imakhala ndi inflorescence yooneka ngati mawonekedwe, yomwe imakhala ndi cylindrical mawonekedwe ndipo imakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono. Zipatso zamtunduwu ndi bokosi lamitundu yambiri. Mphamvu zakuchiritsa zamtunduwu zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi udzu watsopano, komanso masamba ake.
Zomera: kuvulaza ndi maubwino
Machiritso a plantain
Zoti mbewu yokhala ndi udzu wamankhwala yadziwika ndi kale kwambiri kwa anthu. Chifukwa chake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse pochiza matenda, kupuma, matenda amphumo, matenda am'mimba komanso chifuwa chachikulu. Kukonzekera komwe kumapangidwa pamaziko a plantain kumathandizira kuti muchepetse kutupa, kukonza zimbudzi ndi kuyeretsa magazi. Komanso chomera ichi chimagwira kwambiri mu gastritis, zilonda zam'mimba, kuthokomola chifuwa, enteritis, enterocolitis, malungo, zotupa za m'mimba, matenda a pakhungu, komanso njira yotupa mu chikhodzodzo.
Madzi atsopano omwe amapezeka kuchokera ku udzu wotsekemera amathandizira kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe azinthu zowonongeka mu minofu yowonongeka, komanso mabala ophera tizilombo ndikuchotsa mafinya. Amadziwikanso kuti chomera chamtunduwu chimakhala ndi mphamvu yosintha, mogwirizana ndi izi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku neurosis, kusowa tulo komanso kuwonjezereka kwa kuwonongeka. Kukonzekera komwe kumapangidwa pamtengowu kumathandizira kukakamiza, komanso kuchotsedwa kwa edema.
Mankhwala othandizira a chomerachi amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri mu matenda azachipatala. Chifukwa chake, plantain imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa kutukusira kwa mucous ndi minofu ya chiberekero, komanso amaletsa kutuluka kwa uterine ndikuchotsa kusokonezeka kwa ntchito yamchiberekero. Komanso, chomerachi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza matenda abwinobwino mwa amuna. Chomera china chikuwonetsa bwino kwambiri pochiza yade, enursis ndi kutsekula m'mimba
Plantain amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri kunja. Chifukwa chake, ngati pali ming'alu kapena kudula zidendene, ndiye kuti chomera ichi chikuthandizira kuchira kwawo mwachangu. Kuti tichite izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kokonzedwa kuchokera ku plantain, iyenera kusakanikirana ndi madzi, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakusamba kwa phazi. Ngati pali ma scuffs ndi calluses, pamenepa tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muthetse masamba atsopano a mbewuyi m'malo ovuta usiku. M'mawa wotsatira, khungu lowonongeka liyenera kubwezeretsedwanso.
Plantain imagwiritsidwanso ntchito posamalira khungu. Kuchokera kunyumba, mutha kuphika zonona zothandiza zomwe zili ndi machiritso. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuphatikiza batala la ng'ombe kapena uchi ndi kulowetsedwa kwa plantain. Madzi atsopano omwe amapezeka pamtengowu ndi oyenera khungu louma. Musanagwiritse ntchito timadziti pakhungu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse ndi madzi oyera. Kuchokera pazotsatira zake, mutha kukonzekera chigoba cha nkhope, chifukwa, kutsanulira kofunikira kwa wowuma kukhala osakaniza ndi madzi ndi madzi. Chifukwa chachikulucho chiyenera kupakidwa pakhungu la nkhope ndikulimbana ndi theka mpaka ola limodzi. Pambuyo pake, nkhopeyo imatsukidwa bwino ndi madzi oyera ozizira.
Masamba a tsamba ili ndi flavonoids, proitamin A, ascorbic acid, vitamini K, ma enzyme, polysaccharides, uronic acid, tannins, ndi kuwawa. Ndipo nthangala za plantain zimaphatikizapo mafuta amafuta, ntchofu, chakudya, amino acid, ndi oleanolic acid.
Kwa yemwe chomera chimasokonekera
Ngakhale kuti plantain ndi, mbewu yothandiza yopanga mankhwala, iyo, monga mbewu zonse zamankhwala, ili ndi zotsutsana zingapo. Chifukwa chake, kukonzekera komwe kumapangidwa pamaziko a plantain ndi oletsedwa kutenga kwa anthu omwe achulukitsa katulutsidwe ndi acidity ya madzi am'mimba. Ngati munthu wonjezera magazi, ndiye kuti mankhwalawa amathanso kumuvulaza. Sangagwiritsidwenso ntchito ndi iwo omwe ali ndi vuto limodzi lakutulutsa. Akatswiri amalangiza, musanagwiritse ntchito psyllium koyamba pa matenda alionse, onetsetsani kuti mwakumana ndi katswiri wodziwa bwino ntchito yake.
