Chomera chachilendo, chomwe kwawo ndi India ndi Southeast Asia, adakondedwa ndi olimi a ku Russia chifukwa cha kukongoletsa kwake komanso machitidwe ake othandiza. Kukula kwa momordic sikutanthauza chisamaliro chapadera, kotero nthawi zambiri zimatha kupezeka osati m'munda kapena wowonjezera kutentha, komanso m'nyumba zapamizinda.
Chikhalidwechi ndi cha banja la dzungu ndipo chimakula ngati mawonekedwe a mpesa wapachaka wozungulira chaka chilichonse chotalika mpaka mamitala awiri. Pokhudzana ndi chomeracho, kuwotcha kumawoneka, komwe kumapangitsa kuti iziteteza ku tizilombo tina tosiyanasiyana. Katunduyu amasowa pomwe zipatso zimayamba.
Kukula momordica kuchokera ku mbewu
Pofalitsa mbewuyi, njira zonse zodulidwa komanso mtundu wa mbewu zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Njira yachiwiri imakhala yopindulitsa komanso yofunika. Kukula kwa momordica kuchokera ku mbewu kungachitike mwachindunji panthaka, koma popeza mbewuyo imakonda kutentha, ndibwino kudikira mbande kunyumba.
Kubzala kumachitika kumayambiriro kapena pakati pa kasupe m'magawo angapo:
- Sungani mbewu zakuda zakuda;
- Dulani mphuno ya mbewuyo ndi fayilo ya msomali kapena sandpaper yabwino, ndikuchotsa zigawo za chigobacho;
- Kuthira mbewu, kuponyera mwachidule njira yofooka ya potaziyamu;
- Kukulani mu nsalu yofewa, yonyowa ndikusiya pamalo otentha (osachepera + 23 ° C) mpaka mizu yoyera itayamba kuoneka.
Musasunge nthangala za potaziyamu nthawi yayitali, izi zimatha kuwola.
Zomera zambiri zimatheka pobzala mbewu ziwiri mu thanki yapadera yokhala ndi michere m'dothi lakuya masentimita 1.5 ndikuthirira bwino. Mtsogolomo, kuphimba zotengera ndi filimu, ndikupanga malo obiriwira ndikunyamuka. Kutengera ndi kutentha kwa boma, mbande ziyenera kuwonekera milungu iwiri.
Kusamalira Mbewu
Kuti mukule nokha momordica nokha, mphukira yoyamba ikawonekera, muyenera kuchotsa filimuyo ndikuyika mbande pamalo otentha. Ndikofunika kuyang'anira chinyezi, kupewa kupukuta ndi kupopera mbewu tsiku ndi tsiku. Tikudikirira kuti masamba awiriwo azikhalapo, mpofunika kuti azitola, ndikusiya cholimba champhika. Zitatha izi, mutha kuyamba kukonzekera ma momordic kuti mukawokere panthaka. Pachifukwa ichi, mbewu zimawumitsidwa motere:
- Tsiku lililonse tengani miphika mumsewu, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera nthawi kuchokera maola awiri mpaka tsiku, ndikuwonjezera maola 1.5 tsiku lililonse.
- Ikani mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha ndikuyidukiza molingana ndi chiwembu chofananira, pomwe zikumera ziyenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa.
Nthawi yochulukirapo yomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wabwino ikafika patsiku, mutha kuyamba kumuyika poyera.
Teknoloji yogulitsa
Nthawi yoyenera mutabzala momordica pansipa ingaganiziridwe patatha masiku 45 mutabzala. Kuti mbewuyo isafe usiku wozizira, kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kutsika poyerekeza + 15 ° C. Olima maluwa odziwa bwino amalimbikitsa kudikirira kuti mitengo ya maapozi izitulutsa, kapena kubzala mbewuyo pamalo obiriwira.
Kutentha kochepa kumatha kuyambitsa kukhumudwa ndi kufa kwa momordiki wokonda kutentha.
Magawo Omasukirana:
- Kukumba mabowo 35 cm mwakuya, masentimita 55 pakati pawo;
- Ikani mbewuyo mdzenje pang'onopang'ono mosasokoneza dothi, kapena paliponse ndi thanki ya peat;
- Thirani pamwamba ndi dothi ndikuthira pamalita atatu a madzi pansi pamzu umodzi.
Zochita zonse ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri, kusamala kuti zisawononge mizu yosalimba.
Kuphatikizika Kwazinthu Zomwe Zimafunikira
Kukhazikika pabwalo la momordica kumafuna zinthu zina, popeza mizu yopyapyala simalola kufalikira. Dothi loumbika ndi kaphatikizidwe ka mchenga ndi humus yokhala ndi gawo lotsika kapena losaloledwa la acidity limawoneka ngati labwino kwambiri. Pamaso panthaka ya acidic, ndikofunikira kusakaniza ndi laimu pamtunda wa 200 g pa 1 mita kuchokera nthawi yophukira2.
Musanadzalemo mbande, ndikofunikira kumasula dothi ndikuthira ndi feteleza wachilengedwe. M'tsogolo, mbande ziyenera kudyetsedwa kawiri pamwezi, kusinthana ndi potashi ndi feteleza wa phosphorous.
Kukula momordica, nkhaka yaku India iyenera kusankha chiwembu chomwe chimatetezedwa ku zojambula zoyatsidwa ndikuwongolera dzuwa, koma ndi kuwala kokwanira. Chikhalidwechi chimamva bwino kumadera omwe tomato, nyemba, dzungu kapena mbatata zidakula.
Chisamaliro cha Momordica
Kulima ndi kusamalira momordica kuli ndi malingaliro angapo. Ngati chomeracho chakula m'matawuni pamakhonde, ndiye kuti ayenera kupukutidwa. Izi zitha kuchitika ndi bulashi yofewa, posamutsa mungu kuchokera ku maluwa amphongo kupita kwa wamkazi, kapena kungowakhudza ndi akazi.
Kuti muchulukitse zipatso, ndikofunikira kupanga chitsamba munthawi. Kuti muchite izi, chotsani mphukira zam'mbali zonse zotsika ndi mamita 0.5 kuchokera pansi, atangotulutsa ovary woyamba.
Kuthirira
Kukula momordica panthawi yogwira ntchito kumatanthauza kuthirira kambiri pafupipafupi. Ndikofunika kuyang'anira chinyontho m'nthaka, kupewa kuyanika, komabe, kufalikira kwa mbewuyo kumadzaza ndi kuzunda kwa mizu. Madzulo aliwonse, chikhalidwecho chimayenera kuthiridwa ndi madzi ofunda.
Kumasuka
Dothi la chomera liyenera kukhala lotayirira. Izi zitha kuchitika mwa mulching ndi udzu. Zikatero, mphutsi zimayamba kugwira dziko lapansi ndi manyowa. Kuthana ndi kumasula nthawi zonse ndikudula kungathandize filimu yakuda, yomwe imaphimba dera lonselo ndikubzala. Kuphatikiza apo, sanalole kuti nthaka ilere, atagwira nthunzi.
Ntchito feteleza
Kudyetsa koyamba kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa maluwa, chachiwiri - panthawi yopanga zipatso, yomaliza - masabata angapo asanakolole. Monga feteleza, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakanikirana am'migodi ogulidwa m'sitolo yapadera, kapena mankhwala achilengedwe (kapu ya manyowa am'madzi pa malita 10 amadzi).
Garter
Musanakule momordica kunyumba, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi liana. Kuti akule bwino, amafunika thandizo. Udindo uwu ukhoza kuseweredwa ndi khoma la nyumba yomwe ili ndi ma twine otambasuka, kapena chimango chokhazikitsidwa. Chithandizo cham'munsi chimayikidwa pamtunda wa 85 cm kuchokera pansi, ndipo chomera chikangofika, chitsamba chimayenera kukhazikika ndikugudwa, ndikuchotsa 25 cm pamwamba pamphambano.
Kututa
Mukamakula yade momordic, ndikofunikira kusonkhanitsa zipatso panthawi. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika pakatha masiku 14 zitawonekere, apo ayi zimawawa. Nthawi zambiri zokolola zimachitika, zipatsozo zimaberekanso chitsamba. Mukasiya zipatso pamalowo, zimayamba kufooka.
Zipatso zisanawonekere, polumikizana ndi chomera mutha kuwotcha, chifukwa chake chisamaliro chikuyenera kuchitidwa ndi magolovesi ndi zovala zotsekedwa.
Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda
Momordica ndi yofanana ndi nkhaka osati mawonekedwe okha. Mbewu zimatha kutenga matenda ndi tizirombo tina, zomwe zimafunikira chithandizo:
- bacteriosis (Bordeaux osakaniza);
- nsabwe za m'masamba (mankhwala ena apadera);
- powdery mildew (fungicides);
- zola yoyera.
Chomera chimatha kusanduka chikaso chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kutentha. Zikakhala zoterezi, amatha kuthandizidwa ndi kulowetsedwa ndi anyezi kapena phulusa. Mukawola mizu mozungulira chitsamba, muyenera kuthira dothi labwino. Kuti mupewe matenda komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, muyenera kuganizira mosamalitsa kuthilira, popeza chomera chimafooka makamaka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mizu.
Mutaganizira nthawi yofesa momordica ndi momwe mungasamalire bwino, mutha kuyamba kubzala zikhalidwe zachilendo pamunda kapena khonde.
