Kukula anyezi

Pali umboni kuti kwawo kwa anyezi-batun ndi Asia. Pakadali pano, malo akulu anyezi m'chilengedwe atha kupezeka ku China, Siberia ndi Japan. Monga mbewu yobzalidwa, anyezi-batun amapezeka padziko lonse lapansi ndipo amangolimidwa chifukwa cha nthenga zake zobiriwira, zomwe zimakoma kwambiri, koma zofewa kuposa anyezi (sizimangosiyira "zosasangalatsa" pambuyo pake).

Anyezi-batun, kapena Chitata, kapena Duo-anyezi (Allium fistulosum).

Anyezi-batun (Allium fistulosum), kapena, monga momwe amatchedwanso, duodenum, Chitata, Chitchaina kapenanso mchenga, ndichikhalidwe chamiyala chamtundu wa amtundu wa anyezi.

Mababu a anyezi ndi osaneneka komanso osakhazikika. Tsinde, pokhala lathunthu mkati, nthawi zina limafikira kutalika kolimba - mpaka mita imodzi (ndipo nthawi zina kuposa pamenepo). Masamba amawumbidwa bwino, ndiwofalikira kuposa anyezi wamba. Munthawi ya maluwa anyezi, mutha kuwona maambulera ake odabwitsa, akuluakulu komanso owoneka ngati mpira, omwe amapangidwa ndi maluwa ambiri kuposa maluwa ang'onoang'ono.

Mutha kubzala anyezi pofesa mbewu, kapena kufalitsa pongogawa tchigawochigawo (mutathira mafuta phula ndi phulusa). Komanso, pakukula mkuwa wa anyezi, njira yambewu yokulira nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Amagwiritsa ntchito njira yokomera ngati mukufunikira kuti mudule masamba msanga momwe mungathere, ndipo mwayiwala za kufesa kwa dzinja kwa anyezi.

Kukula mbewu za anyezi

Kufesa mbewu za anyezi

Zosadabwitsa kuti kulima anyezi-batun mu njira yokomera ndiye njira yodalirika kwambiri yoperekera mbewuyi. Njira yodzala mitengo yopangira anyezi-batun ndiyotchuka kwambiri m'maiko Akum'mawa, ndipo izi zimafotokozedwa mosavuta. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito chikhalidwe cha pachaka kukulitsa anyezi-batun, kuthekera kwa kuwonongeka kwa mbewu ndi matenda kumachepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo, motero, kupanga zobiriwira zambiri patebulo zimathandizira, zomwe sizingakhale koma kusangalala.

Nthawi zambiri kufesa mbewu za anyezi-batun kwa mbande kumachitika mchaka chachiwiri cha Epulo, nthawi zina pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, ndipo amayamba kubzala mbande pabedi mchaka chachiwiri cha Juni. Tekinolojiyi yopanga anyezi-batun imathandiza kupatsa anthu zitsamba zatsopano mu Seputembala. Munthawi imeneyi, imatha kusungidwa pamodzi ndi mababu abodza.

Zachidziwikire, ngati mukufuna kukula mbande zapamwamba za anyezi-batun, muyenera kusamalira nthaka yapamwamba kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri wamaluwa amapanga zinthu zotere - gawo la humus ndi gawo la dambo lansomba limasakanikirana bwino, kenako 150-200 g phulusa (phula feteleza wokhala ndi pafupifupi 5% potaziyamu) umayikidwa mu ndowa yokwanira malita khumi ndikutsanulira 80-85 pamenepo g nitroammophoski, ndiye kaphatikizidwe kamasakaniza kwambiri. Ngati simunatenge zosankhazo kuchokera kutsamba lanu ndipo simukuzikhulupirira, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kuchotseratu mawonekedwewo mwakuwotcha mu uvuni kwa ola limodzi, koma ngati mukuopa kuti "kuphedwa" kumeneku kupha tizilomboto tonse tomwe tili m'nthaka (monga zabwino, osatinso), ndiye kuti ingotaya mayankho ndi 2 - 3% yankho la potaziyamu potaziyamu.

Momwe maumbowo ali okonzeka ndipo muli zotengera zosachepera 15 cm zokhala ndi mabowo kuti zikhale zotungira m'madzimo ndi masentimitala okwanira sentimita imodzi kuti zibzalidwe ndizokonzeka, ndikofunikira kuyamba kukonzekera njere kuti mubzale. Pazifukwa izi, mbewu za anyezi-batun zimafunikira kuzilowa kwa maola 24 kusungunuka kapena madzi amvula, kusintha madziwo kawiri nthawi imeneyi. Kenako, atazichotsa m'madzi, amazikulunga ndi nsalu ndikuisunga mchisulo chapansi pa firiji kwa masiku angapo. Pambuyo pa nthawi imeneyi, imayimirirabe kuti ometse nyemba pamiyala yowuma mpaka kukhazikika ndipo ithafesedwa mubokosi kapena chidebe china. Kufesa mbewu za anyezi-batun kuyenera kuchitika mu gawo lapansi ndikubzala mu 1.5 1.5 cm, osazama. Malo opendekera omwe ali muzoyola ndibwino kupezeka, kutalikirana kwa masentimita 5-6 Ngati mulibe zojambula, ndiye kuti simuyenera kukhumudwa, njere zitha kufesedwa kwathunthu mumphika zoyezera masentimita 6-7 zokha, zisanu kapena zisanu ndi ziwiri chilichonse. Mwa njira, mbewu yotereyi ili ndi dzina - maluwa, ndipo ngati wina ayesa kubzala ngati, onetsetsani kuti mwalemba ndemanga ngati ndiyotheka.

Mutabzala, mbewuzo zimafunika kupepuka, sentimita ndi theka, ndikuwazidwa ndi dothi labwino komanso lotayirira, kenako ndikukhazikika pamtunda ndikuzunguliza pang'ono. Kupitilira apo, masentimita angapo a mchenga wopanda mchere umathiridwa pamadzi wokumbika ndi dothi loumbika. Zitachitika izi, mbande zitha kuthiriridwa, mwachilengedwe, kuthirira sikuyenera kuchitika kuchokera kuchitsime kapena kuthekera, botolo lothanulira lokha ndi lofunikira pano kuti zigawo zonsezi zisatsukidwe ndipo chifukwa chilichonse mbewu zisatsukidwe. Mukathirira (lita imodzi mwa lalikulu mita, komwe ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito kusungunuka kapena madzi amvula ku chipinda), isanatulutse, ikani zodzikirazo ndi zokutira ndi pulasitiki kapena magalasi ndikuziyika m'chipinda chomwe kutentha kwake kungasunthe kuchokera madigiri 18 mpaka 21 kuposa zero.

Mbande za mbewu ya anyezi-batun.

Kusamalira Mbewu

Mukangoona mbande pamwamba pa dothi, filimuyo imayenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo mabokosi kapena zotengera ziyenera kusamutsidwa pazenera lakumwera, koma osati chipinda chofunda kwambiri, moyenera, chipindacho chiyenera kukhala ndi kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 10-11. Pambuyo pa tsiku, muyenera kuyesa kukhalabe m'chipinda chino nthawi yamatenthedwe kutentha kwa madigiri 14-16, ndipo usiku mumatsitsa mpaka madigiri 11-13. Zikatero, ngati sizingatheke kuyang'anira kutentha m'chipindacho, mutha kungotsegula mawindo ndi zitseko, chinthu chachikulu sikuti mupange kupanga kusanja.

Mbewu isanakhale wamphamvu, zidzakhala zofunikira kupitiliranso kuunikira, chifukwa nthawi imeneyi dzuwa limatuluka mochedwa, ndipo limagona molawirira, ndipo mbande zimakhala zopanda kuwala kwa dzuwa. Moyenera, anyezi-batun amafunika maola 14, mwachitsanzo, maola kutalika kwambiri masana. Pazifukwa izi, mutha kugula phytolamp wamba kapena nyali ya LED ndikuyikonza pamwamba pa mbande za anyezi-batun kuti kutalika kwake kuzikhala masentimita 26 mpaka 28. M'masiku atatu oyambilira mutatha kuyatsa, musayime konse kuti mbewuzo kuzolowera kuunika kotero, ndiye kuti kuwalako kumatha kuzimitsa 6 koloko ndikuyatsa 8 koloko madzulo.

Adasankha ndi kupepuka, kuthirira. Kuthirira mbande za anyezi-batun kuyenera kuchitika pafupipafupi, koma pang'ono, osamayimitsa nthaka kapena kutulutsa kwake mopitirira muyeso sikuyenera kuloledwa.

Pakatha masiku pafupifupi asanu ndi awiri, mbande zikaonekera pamwamba pa dothi, ndikofunikira kuphatikiza, woyamba kugwiritsa ntchito 2.5 g ya superphosphate yosungunuka m'madzi pa mita imodzi ya nthaka, kenako 2.5 g ya potaziyamu sulfate, komanso yosungunuka m'madzi, pa mita imodzi nthaka. Pomwe tsamba loyambilira loona limapezeka mu anyezi wam'mera, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse mbewuyo m'njira yoti izikhala yotalikilana ndi masentimita atatu pakati pa mbande.

Pafupifupi masiku khumi asanalikire mbande za anyezi m'malo otseguka, mbande zimayenera kulimbitsidwa. Njira yosavuta yoyambira ndikutsegula mawindo ndi zitseko nthawi zambiri komanso nthawi yayitali. Pakatha masiku angapo, ngati kukuwombelera kumene sikumayembekezeredwa, mutha kuyesa kupanga mbande tsiku loyamba, kenako usiku pamalowo.

Kubzala mbande panthaka

Nthawi zambiri mbande za anyezi-batun zimabzalidwa pabedi osachita mantha mchaka chachiwiri cha Juni, pofika nthawi imeneyi sipakhalanso chiwopsezo chilichonse chobwera chisanu, ndipo dothi likhala lotenthedwa komanso lotayirira. Mbewuzo zomwe zili ndi mizu yolimba komanso timabuluti tating'onoting'ono atatu kapena anayi tili okonzeka kubzala. Komanso, motsimikiza kwambiri, mutha kuyang'ana kukula kwa phesi lakumunsi, liyenera kukhala mamilimita asanu. M'badwo womwewo umakhala wofanana ndi miyezi iwiri.

M'malo mwake, kubzala anyezi-batun sikusiyana ndi kubzala mbande zamasamba aliwonse. Zomwe mukufunikira ndikuchita, panthaka yomwe inakonzedwa molingana ndi malamulo onse omwe ali pamwambapa, ikani maenje akuya kwa masentimita 11-13 mzere ndi kusiya ma makumi angapo masentimita kuti mutalikirane, kenako ndikubzala mbande mwa iwo. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera phulusa lamatabwa angapo pansi, nyowetsani nthaka ndikuyika mbande mwamphamvu, ndikufinya nthaka. Ndiye kutsanulira ndi mulch humus ndi wosanjikiza wa sentimita imodzi.

Dothi la anyezi

Anyezi-batun ndi wabwino chifukwa samasankha kwenikweni za kutentha, monga, kunena, anyezi. Ngakhale mutayiyika pang'ono pang'ono, imaperekabe zipatso zabwino. Koma za mtundu wa dothi, pali ma vagaries pano: anyezi-batun amakonda nthaka yachonde, yokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, yokhala ndi acidic pang'ono kapena kusalowerera ndale. Wamaluwa amakhulupirira kuti loam ndi sandy loam ndi malo abwino kwambiri.

Kunyumba, anyezi-batun nthawi zambiri amakula m'malo otentha komanso otsika. Komabe, kasupe ndi madzi amvula nthawi zambiri amayenda panthaka, ndipo pomwepo imayamba kuwombera mwachangu, chifukwa chake, simudzalawa masamba ake achifundo.

Ngati palibe china chochita koma kubzala mbewu ya anyezi panthaka yachilengedwe, kenako "ennoble": onjezani phulusa 250 la phulusa pa mita imodzi ya bedi lamtsogolo, ndipo muyenera kuchita izi osachepera miyezi isanu ndi umodzi musanadzavunde. Kapena ngakhale kugwa, onjezani 200 g a laimu ku dothi pokumba.

Kwakukulu, kukonza dothi la anyezi-batun ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Chifukwa chiyani? Chikhalidwe ichi ndi chosatha, m'malo amodzi sichingathe chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri, koma zaka zisanu. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera pa kumasula, kukumba dothi, kuchotsa udzu ndi kuchotsa dothi, liyenera kulimbikitsidwa ndikuwonjezera makilogalamu 4-6 a humus kapena kompositi, 18-19 g ya potaziyamu sulfate, 32-35 g ya superphosphate, pa mita lalikulu (makamaka mu kugwa) pafupifupi 25 g ya ammonium nitrate, zonsezi, inde, pansi pokumba.

Pambuyo pa mbewu zomwe ndingabzale anyezi-batun?

Zoyambitsazo ndi mutu wofunikira - anyezi-batoni amakula bwino ngati mbewu zapakhosi, nyemba, phwetekere kapena kabichi zidalimo kale pamalopo, koma ngati adyo, anyezi, nkhaka, kaloti kapena anyezi atabzala, ndibwino kudikirira chaka osachepera.

Kubzala anyezi-batun poyera

Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti anyezi pamalo otseguka amatha kufesedwa kuposa kamodzi pa nyengo, kapena awiri, koma atatu. Madeti oyenera kwambiri ndi Epulo, Juni ndi Julayi, komanso Okutobala ndi Novembala. Nthawi yophukira mochedwa, yomwe imatchedwa bwino kufesa nthawi yozizira, nthawi zambiri imachitidwa ndi cholinga chomwecho ngati kasupe: kale kwambiri kumayambika amadyera oyandikira.

Mukabzala chisanachitike nyengo yachisanu, sibwino kukonzekera malowo koyambirira, njira yabwino kwambiri ndi chilimwe, koma kutentha ndikamatsika ndikutentha madigiri angapo, mbewuzo zingabzalidwe mpaka pakukula kwa masentimita angapo popanda kulima koyambirira, ngati Dothi ndi lolemera, komanso kuya kwakuya pang'ono (3-4 cm), ngati kuli kopepuka, chifukwa mmalo mwake limatha kutha mwachangu kwambiri. Mtunda pakati pa mizere kumapeto kwa yophukira ukhoza kusiyidwa osasinthika - pafupifupi ma sentimita awiri. Mutabzala, malowo amayenera kukongoletsedwa, kuphatikizidwa ndipo amayikiriridwa ndi humus, wosanjikiza masentimita angapo. Omwe alimi ena odziwa kupanga bwino amataya pamwamba - pomwe amagwiritsa chipale chofewa.

Masika akangofika, bedi lokhala ndi yophukira mbewu za anyezi-batun liyenera kutsegulidwa, koma osati kwathunthu. Humus itachotsedwa, ndikofunikira kuphimba dothi (kama) pabedi ndi pulasitiki kuti pulani yake ikhale yofiyira mbewu ndikukula mwachangu. Ndizosangalatsa kuti ngati chilichonse chikhala bwino, ndiye kuti anyezi, wofesedwa kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, dzuwa limayamba kutuluka pafupifupi ndi kuwala koyambirira. Mbeu zikangowonekera, ndiye kuti patatha pafupifupi sabata imatha kuwonda.

Anyezi zenera sill

Zingakhale zachilendo, koma mutha kulima anyezi-pawindo pawindo wamba, mwachitsanzo, ngati mulibe gawo kapena palibemo mbewuyi. Ndikotheka kukula (kuthamangitsa) batun pawindo pakati pa nthawi yozizira. Zomwe zimafunikira ndikubyala mbewu yazaka ziwiri kapena zitatu kuchokera m'nthaka nthawi yophukira (nthawi zambiri Okutobala), nthawi zonse ndi chotupa, kuti tisawononge mizu ndikuyidzala mumiphika ndi m'miyomo yokhala ndi mabowo oyikamo nthaka ndi zotayira mu ngalande ngale, 0.5c cm; Kukula kwake kuyenera kukhala 12-15% kuposa momwe matope a chomera chomwe akukulidwa. Kenako, chomera chokumbidwa chimatsalira, osawononga dothi loumbika, chodzalidwa mumphika ndikuyika chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwapakati pa 18-21 madigiri ndi 80%. Nthawi zambiri pamwezi umodzi mudzakhala mukukumbukira zitsamba zatsopano za anyezi-batun.

Kusamalira Anyezi Kunja

Kukula anyezi-batun kulibe vuto konse ayi, kuthirira, kumasula dothi, kuchotsa udzu, kudyetsa ndi kuteteza ku tizirombo ndi matenda.

Kulima koyambirira kuyenera kuchitika mutabzala, ndiye kuti sabata litawonekera panthaka. Panyengo, mufunika kuwononga nthaka isanu kapena isanu ndi umodzi pazomera izi. Kutsegulira nthaka kungaphatikizidwe ndikuchotsa namsongole m'dera loyandikira chifuwa ndi mbewu pafupi. Ngati simukufuna kumasula dothi ndikuchotsa namsongole, mutha kuyika nthaka panthaka ya humus ndi masentimita angapo.

Kuthirira anyezi

Anyezi-batun amaonedwa kuti ndi chikhalidwe chokonda chinyezi, chifukwa chake, mwachilengedwe, amakhala m'malo omwe mumakhala chinyezi chambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, nthaka iyenera kukhala yocheperako, koma yonyowa nthawi zonse. Moyenera, dothi lomwe lili pamalo otseguka liyenera kumadzaza ndi chinyezi mpaka akuya masentimita 17-19.

Inde, ndikofunikira kulingalira zamvula: mwachitsanzo, ngati nthawi zambiri kumagwa mvula, kuthirira sikungakhale kofunikira konse. Mu nyengo yokhazikika, kuthirira ndikokwanira kangapo pa sabata, ndipo ngati kwatentha kwambiri, ndiye patsiku. Mukathirira, yesani kugwiritsa ntchito madzi okhala pamtunda wofunda, mwachitsanzo, madzi amvula ochokera mgolo.

Kukula anyezi

Sitinatchule pang'ono za mavalidwe apamwamba. Pambuyo poika mbande kumunda, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera yankho la mullein kusungunuka mu nthawi 10 kapena kuchepetsedwa ma 15 ndi nkhuku ya manyowa kulowetsedwa. Norm - 25-30 g pa chitsime chilichonse chodzala mbande. Ngati dothi lili lolemera, ndiye, monga tidalembera kale, phulusa lamatamba angapo, lomwe limanyowetsedwa kale ndi madzi, ndikokwanira.

M'tsogolomu, zitha kuchitidwa kamodzi, chifukwa anyezi-batun amadziunjikira nitrate. Kubwerezanso kuvala pamwamba kumatha kuchitika patadutsa masiku 10 itatha yoyamba, mutamasula ndikuthirira nthaka ndikuthira 50-70 g phulusa lamatabwa pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse.

Tizilombo ndi matenda a anyezi

Zadziwika kuti dothi labwino komanso labwino, mbewu sizimadwala ndipo sizikhudzidwa ndi tizirombo, koma nthawi zina izi zimachitikabe. Nthawi zambiri anyezi-batun amakhala ndi anyezi weevil, anyezi moto ndi anyezi amawuluka.

Anyezi moto amadya masamba amkati, kusiya masamba ochepa okha. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ovomerezeka, monga Fufanon, kuti muthane nawo, koma kutsatira malangizo omwe ali phukusi.

Anyezi weevil, - amapangira ma punctiki pamasamba a anyezi ndikuwachotsa mankhwalawo, ndipo mphutsizo zimaluma masambawo ndikudya zomwe zili.

Anyezi akuuluka, - mphutsi zake zimadya zomwe zili bulb ya anyezi-batun.

Onsewa amatha kuphedwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ngati mumatsatira mosamala malangizo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mwa matenda, wowombayo anyezi agunda peronosporosismasamba ophimba imvi ya violet, mankhwala opangidwa ndi mkuwa, kuti, HOM, oxychrome ndi zina zotere, amagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi izi, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi njira zingapo zochizira.

Kuti musalole tizirombo m'dera lanu konse, muyenera kuyang'ana kasinthasintha wa mbewu, kuti musakokometse malo, musadzaze madzi ochuluka, kulimbana ndi namsongole, kumasula dothi ndikusamalira mbewu nthawi zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu magawo oyamba akuwonekera kwa manyowa, ndikofunikira kuthira mbewu ndi yankho la ufa wa mpiru (supuni pa ndowa imodzi), ndipo kuchokera pa anyezi ntchentche, kuthirira mbewu kangapo pamnyengo ndi kulowetsedwa kwa nsuzi za mbatata (kilogalamu ya nsonga pa ndowa imodzi, mita imodzi yabwinoko) kapena chomera pafupi kama wokhala ndi kaloti.

Maluwa anyezi-batun.

Kututa ndi kusunga anyezi

Monga mukudziwa, anyezi-batun amakula chifukwa cha msipu, m'nthaka panthaka yokha ndikumapangidwa komwe kumadziwika kuti bulb wabodza. Mutha kutsuka amadyera kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe mpaka nthawi yophukira, chifukwa misa yobiriwira imakula nthawi zonse. Chaka chotsatira, anyezi woposa chaka chimodzi, mutha kuyamba kudula zipatsozo kumayambiriro kwa chakudyacho, chikangowonekera. Imani kudula kumayenera kukhala masiku 35-45 isanayambike nyengo yozizira, kuti babu adakonzekereratu nthawi yachisanu. Chifukwa chake, mu nyengo imodzi, mbewuzo zimatha kukolola kuyambira kawiri (pa mbewu zazing'ono) mpaka kanayi (pa akulu).

Mutha kudula amadyawo mutangofika kutalika kwa 18-23 cm. Kudula kuyenera kuchitika pamwamba panthaka, pomwe masamba amayenera kuphatikizidwa, kuwukhira ndi kuyika mufiriji, wokutidwa mchikwama cha pulasitiki.

Zikachitika kuti, pazifukwa zina, muyenera kukumba mabatani anyezi ndikuwasunga mwanjira iyi mpaka kuphukira, ndiye yesetsani kuyika mufiriji, momwe kutentha kuli pafupifupi digiri, ndipo chofunikira - osadula masambawo pamababu.

Zosiyanasiyana za anyezi-batun

Mu boma mayina osankhidwa pakadali pano pali mitundu 50 ya chikhalidwe ichi, ndikuyenera kuyang'anira zinthu zatsopano za 2017: Gulden, Zelenets, Krasny, Puchkovsky, Fist ndi Chipollino.