Mitengo ya kanjedza ya Pandanus imatchulidwanso kuti spiral pine kapena pandanus. Ndi mtundu wa mitundu 600 yodziwika. Kutengera mitundu, imatha kukhala yodziwika bwino kapena yoyipa. Amatchulidwa kuti banja la a Pandanales, mtundu wa Pandanova.
Mitundu ya pandanus ya mitengo ya kanjedza imaphatikizapo ma subspecies ochokera kudera la West Africa kummawa ndi ku Hawaii, m'malo a m'mphepete mwa mapiri ndi mapiri pamtunda wa mamita 3-4. Amakulanso m'mphepete mwa Indian East, m'mphepete mwa Western India ndi Sri Lanka. Kupitilizabe mdziko muno limapezeka locheperako, koma pang'onopang'ono limapezekabe kum'mawa kumpoto kwa India, kuphatikizanso kumapiri a Nepal. Ena amaganiza kuti pandanus ndi mtundu wamafuta onunkhira a P. tectorius Parkinson, omwe ali ndi magawo ambiri ogawika - kuchokera ku Australia kupita ku Polynesia. Pandanus kunyumba amakula ndikukula bwino, sizitengera chisamaliro chovuta.
Maluwa a Pandanus amatuluka pama kanjedza a pandanus. Amabzalidwa ku India ndipo amakhala ndi fungo labwino.
Kufotokozera kwa pandanus ndi chithunzi chake
Duwa limakhala ndi fungo lonunkhira bwino, lomwe limakhala losangalatsa komanso laling'ono ngati fungo la rose. Masamba ndi olemera komanso okhazikika.
Zomera zimatha kusiyanasiyana maonekedwe ake, mwachitsanzo, pali pandanus wamkati mita imodzi, ndipo pali mitengo 20 sentimita (monga lamulo ali ndi nsonga yokulirapo ndipo amakula pang'onopang'ono). Onani pandanus yemwe ali pachithunzicho ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a chitukuko:
Chitsa chachikulucho chimakhala ndi nthambi yayikulu komanso masamba ngati singano okhala ndi zipsera. Mwachilengedwe, kanjedza la pandanus limakhala ndi mizu yolimba, yolimba kumunsi - imathandizira duwa panthawi yakutukuka ndikukula, makamaka kukula kwa gawo lake lapamwamba ndi masamba ndi zipatso.
Masamba ooneka ngati belu amatha kusiyanasiyana kuyambira masentimita 30 mpaka 2 kutalika kuchokera pa sentimita 1.5 mpaka 10 cm. Popeza duwa ndilabwino, maluwa amatha kukhala achikazi kapena amuna. Mwachilengedwe pazomera zosiyanasiyana.
Maluwa aamuna pamtengo amatha kutalika masentimita 2-3, amakhala ndi fungo labwino ndipo amazunguliridwa ndi mabulangete oyera.
Komanso tikupatsirani zithunzi zingapo za pandanus:
Mtengo wa pandanus wachikazi kunyumba yosamalidwa moyenera umabweretsa maluwa okhala ndi zipatso zazikulu, zomwe zimakhalanso ndi malo okhala. Zipatso zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a mpira wokhala ndi mainchesi 10-20 masentimita ndipo zimakhala ndi ma prites ambiri, monga magawano omwe amawoneka ngati chipatso cha chinanazi. Nthawi zambiri, chipatsocho chimasintha mtundu kukhala wobiriwira kukhala wofiyira wowala kapena wofiyira pakakhala kale. Zipatso za mitundu ina zimatha kukhala zotheka kudya; zimadyetsedwa ndi nyama zina, kuphatikizapo mileme, makoswe, akhwangwala, njovu ndi abuluzi.
Popita nthawi, masamba otsika a pandanus amagwa, kusiya masamba chifukwa choti thunthu limawoneka ngati lopindika mkati, ndipo duwa limakhala ngati kanjedza.
Kusamalira Pandanus Kunyumba
Kusamalira chipinda cha pandanus sichinthu chovuta kwambiri monga momwe mungaganizire poyambira. Patsani duwa utoto wowoneka bwino, wosasintha (koma osati wowopsa kwambiri, masana) - popanda kuwala kwa dzuwa, masambawo amakhala opanda cholimba komanso pambuyo pake. Masamba okhala ndi motley, utoto wokongola, wopanda kuwala, mtundu wake umazimiririka. M'nyengo yozizira ndi yophukira, posamalira pandanus kunyumba, duwa silikufunika mthunzi nkomwe, m'malo mwake, ndi nthawi iyi ya chaka yomwe muyenera kupereka mwayi wowunikira kwambiri momwe mungathere. Simungagwiritse ntchito magetsi achilengedwe okha, komanso othandizira ena - nyali za tebulo, ndi zina zambiri. zinthu. Aikeni pamtunda wa mita kwa chinthu kwa maola 6-8 patsiku.
Njira yabwino ndiyo mawindo akumadzulo ndi kumadzulo. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti mutenge mbewu panjapo, ndipo nthawi yozizira kuti izikhala mu chipinda chokwanira komanso kutentha kwa 18 ̊̊, ndipo nthawi yozizira imatha kukhala mkati mwa 15, koma osatsika, komanso kwa nthawi yochepa.
Simuyenera kugwira ntchito yokonzekera, koma ndikofunikira kuyambitsa chipindacho pang'ono nthawi yozizira. Ndipo musaiwale kuti nthawi ndi nthawi mumazungulira chidebe cha pandanus posamalira pakhomo (ngakhale chitukuko).
Pandanus salekerera madzi ochulukirapo, kotero muyenera kuthirira madziwo m'chilimwe ndikuphukira tsiku lililonse, kuti dziko lapansi likhale ndi nthawi youma. Mutha kuthilira madzi ambiri, koma pambuyo pa mphindi 30 za njirayi, onetsetsani kuti mwachotsa madzi onse owonjezera. Kuthirira maluwa kumafuna madzi ofunda pamtunda wa 30-30 madigiri. Ndibwino ngati madziwo ali ofewa komanso amakhazikika. M'nyengo yozizira, kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kumachepetsedwa - kumakhudzidwa makamaka ndi chinyezi chambiri nthawi ino ya chaka. Kuthirira ndi madzi ozizira kungayambitse matenda ambiri azomera.
Pandanus kunyumba modekha amalekerera kusakhalapo kwa chinyontho, koma izi sizikutanthauza konse zomwe ungachite popanda kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Osachepera kamodzi kwa milungu iwiri kapena iwiri, njirayi iyenera kuchitidwa, komanso kuwonjezera kuchotsa dothi pamasamba ndi nsalu yonyowa (kuyambira pachigawo mpaka kumapeto ndi nsonga). Nthawi zambiri, duwa limakhala ndi mizu yothina yomwe sungathe kuchotsa. Kuti tipewe kupukuta, timalimbikitsa kuwakulunga ndi moss wothira ndikukumbukira kuti musinthe nthawi ndi nthawi.
Kupandukira kwa Pandanus
Pandanus kunyumba ayenera kuziyika pokhapokha ngati pakufunika, ndiye kuti mizu ikakuluka padziko lonse lapansi mumphika. Nthawi zambiri achichepere amafunika kumuwonjezera pachaka, akuluakulu amatha kucheperachepera - kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Mtengo wa mtengo wa pandanus uli ndi mizu yosalimba kwambiri, motero uyenera kugwiridwa mwanjira ina mlingaliro lenileni la mawu (ndipo samalani kuti mtanda wa dothi usawonongeke).
Kukula kwa mphukira yatsopano kuyenera kukhala kwakuzama kwambiri kuposa koyambako ndipo 1/3 iyenera kukhala yopanda madzi. Osabzale kwambiri - siyani duwa pamlingo womwewo kale.
Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa odziwa amalimbikitsa kuti azitola mizu yaikulidwe kuti ikhale mfundo musanayike, kuti musawononge duwa kapena inunso.
Pandanus: Njira zolerera
Pali njira zitatu zoberekera pandanus kunyumba. Kusamalira bwino kanjedza kumathandizira kuti mphukira zatsopano zizikula bwino, zomwe zimakhala zokhazikitsidwa bwino. Ganizirani njira zazikulu zolerera pandanus.
- 1. Mbewu. Amaponyedwa panja popanda kunyowa m'nthaka ndi dothi la peat, mchenga ndi dothi. Kenako amaphimbani ndi pepala la pulasitiki kapena pulasitiki ndikuwasunga m'chipindamo ndi kutentha kosachepera 25 digiri. Musaiwale kuti nthawi zonse mumathirira madzi ndikuwaza zikumera, komanso mpweya nthawi ndi nthawi. Kutengera mikhalidwe yonse, patatha milungu itatu kapena inayi, kutuluka kwa dzuwa kumayamba. Ngati mukufuna kufulumizitsa njirayo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito masamba obiriwira apadera, momwe mumakhala kutentha pang'ono. Pakabzala mbande ziwiri zokha pa mbande iliyonse, mutha kuziuthira m'miphika ina ndi dothi ndi danga komanso mchenga.
- 2. Zodulidwa ziyenera kutengedwa kuchokera kumipikisano yotsalira ya pandanus - ayenera kukhala osachepera 20 cm. Malangizo odula ayenera kuchiritsidwa ndikuwathira makala ndi makala. Konzani dothi ndi peat ndi mchenga, kenako, limodzi ndi mbewu, chokani kwakanthawi pansi pagalasi kapena kapu ya pulasitiki mchipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kosachepera 25 digiri. Pakatha mwezi umodzi ndi theka, malinga ndi zikhalidwe zonse, zikumera ziyenera kuzika mizu kale.
- 3. Pa mizu ndi masamba, nthochi za ana zimatha kuoneka, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe pandaanus zimatha kufalitsidwanso. Ndikofunikira kuzilekanitsa zikafika masentimita 20. Malo odulidwa amaloledwa kuti aume kwa tsiku limodzi, kenako ndikubzalidwe m'nthaka ndi zotulutsira mumchenga ndi mchenga wowuma. Ndikofunikira kubzala mozama osachepera masentimita awiri, kupindika bwino, kutsanulira kwathunthu ndi madzi (chabwino, kapena kungotsanulira) ndikuphimba ndi galasi. Wamaluwa amalangizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha pang'ono komanso kusunga chinyezi chambiri. Macheke amamera mu umodzi ndi theka mpaka miyezi iwiri. Pakatha miyezi iwiri, amatha kuziika kale mumphika wina.
Pandanus Veitch
Pandanus veitch amakula ngati chitsamba. Chomera ichi, ngakhale nthawi yozizira, chimakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira ndipo ndi yaying'ono, koma mitundu ina imatha kutalika mita imodzi ndi theka. Amasunga masamba nthawi yozizira. Masamba a subspecies awa amakulitsa kwambiri - ali ndi kutalika kwakukulu, mawonekedwe. mawonekedwewo amafanana kwambiri ndi mtengo wa kanjedza chifukwa cha kumtunda kwa thunthu.
Iyenera kusungidwa kutentha pang'ono kwa 15 digiri Celsius. Ndipo muyenera kuyang'ana momwe nyengo iliri usikuwo musanachisiye mumsewu - mungafunike zowonjezera zina. Zomera zomwe zimasungidwa kunyumba ziyenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa lowonekera, zomwe zimatha kuwononga masamba (izi zimawopsa kwambiri pakati pa chilimwe, nthawi yotentha kwambiri).
Chapakatikati, nthawi yakula, limodzi ndi kuthirira, dyetsani pandanus ndi feteleza wopanga maluwa patatha milungu iwiri iliyonse. Mukamasankha feteleza, samalani chifukwa ziyenera kukhala ndi nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu (zimathandizira pakukula bwino kwamiphukidwe yatsopano).
Kuthirira vekitala ya pandanus kumayenera kuchitika pang'ono, koma nthawi yomweyo imasungunuka ndi dothi (wamaluwa waluso amawerengetsa kuti magalasi awiri atatu okwanira sabata iliyonse). Osasiyira madzi mumtsuko mutathirira - izi zimathandizira kupanga bowa.
Izi zosiyanasiyana zimakonda nthaka yoyesedwa bwino.
Pogwiritsa ntchito Pandanus
Zipatso za Pandanus zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zipatso kapena ngati mbewu. Zipatso zatsopano za duwa zimakhala ndi ofiira kapena achikasu. Ndipo atatha kukonza, okhala ku Polynesia amawagwiritsa ntchito ngati sopo. Mbeu zodyedwa za pandanus ndizosakhazikika mwanjira zawo zosaphika, chifukwa zimafunikira chithandizo chamtengo wapatali.
Chomerachi chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati othandizira kulawa zakudya, makamaka maswiti a ku North India: madzi a pandanus amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamenepo limodzi ndi shuga ndi mkaka monga chopangira chachikulu pamachitidwe osiyanasiyana. Ku Southeast Asia, imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mpunga kuti uwisire kununkhira kwa curry.
Mafuta ofunikira amapangidwa kuchokera ku maluwa, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati othandizira popanga ayisikilimu ndi zakumwa. Mafuta awa ali ndi fungo lapadera komanso labwino.
Kunyumba, pandanus amagwiritsidwa ntchito povunditsa malo ndikupanga mawonekedwe abwino a microclimate. Palm imasonkhanitsa bwino zinthu zonse zoyipa kuchokera kuzungulira mpweya ndikuzolemeretsa ndi mpweya ndi mafuta ofunikira. Izi zimathandizira kuwonongeka kwa microflora ya pathogenic.
Ku Oceania, pandanus amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zida zapakhomo, zovala ndi nsalu (kuphatikiza zikwama zosiyanasiyana ndi zovala zopangira zokongoletsera), chakudya, mankhwala, zodzikongoletsera, usodzi ndi miyambo yachipembedzo.
Masamba ake amatha kutafunidwa ngati zotsekemera kapena njira yopumira. Asayansi adatsimikiziranso kuti mbewuyi ili ndi ma flavonoids, omwe ali ndi zinthu zingapo zochiritsa - antiviral, antiallergenic, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant.
Mwa njira, maphemwe salekerera fungo la pandanus, chifukwa chake mutha kugwiritsa ntchito masamba kapena mbewu ngati othandizira tizilombo.
Chomera chimakula bwino ndikukula pamlingo wa 3000 metres pamwamba pa nyanja. Ili ndi phindu lalikulu lazachuma, zachikhalidwe komanso zosangalatsa ku dera la Northern India - mu mtengo wake amathanso kukhala olimba mtima ngati coconut.
M'madera ena, pandanus ndiye maziko opanga manja - nthawi zambiri ogwira ntchito amatola masamba, kuwadula bwino ndikawakonzekeretsa kuti apange zovala zosiyanasiyana ndi zinthu zina zapakhomo.
