Gravilate (Geum) ndi chomera chochokera ku banja la Rosaceae. Awa ndi masamba osatha okhala ndi duwa loyambira lokhala ndi masamba akulu a cirrus. Zimatha kukhala zobiriwira chaka chonse ngati kutentha m'derali sikugwa pansi -18 ° C. Mwathunthu, mtunduwu umakhala ndi mitundu pafupifupi 50, koma 20 okha ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pachikhalidwe. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongoletsa yomwe imatha kuwoneka pachithunzichi.
Zochenjera za ikamatera
Mtundu wodziwika wotere ndi Zithunzi zaku Chile, kulima, kwa mbewu zomwe sizovuta. Kupatula apo, mbewuyo ndi yolemetsa. Nthawi yabwino yodzala ndi nthawi ya masika, nthawi yomata nthaka, koma masamba asanatseguke.
Mukamasankha malo, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti pafupifupi mitundu yonseyo imalekerera chinyontho m'nthaka. Kuchokera pamenepa, amatha kubola. Pewani madera omwe mizu yake ingakhale pafupi ndi madzi pansi. Njira zina, zimatha kuyikidwa pamabedi a maluwa ataliitali kapena kudzutsa nthaka pong kuwonjezera mchenga wowonjezerapo.
Ngakhale chodzikongoletsa pakukula kwa mango, mpofunika kuonetsetsa dothi lopepuka, lotayirira komanso lowonanso. Asanabzalire ayenera kukonzekera, kukumba, kuchotsa udzu wonse ndikupanga:
- Mchenga;
- Manyowa kapena humus;
- Phulusa la nkhuni;
- Laimu;
- Dolomite ufa.
Izi zikuthandizani kuti acidity ikhale yachilengedwe komanso kuti ikhale ndi gawo labwino lokwanira. Kuthandizanso kuthira nthaka ndi yankho la fungicides pofuna kupewa. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pakukula mitundu ya haibridi. Matendawa amatenga matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi.
Ponena zowunikira, apa ndibwino kuti musankhe tsamba lomwe lili ndi kuwala kosiyanitsidwa. Ngakhale miyala yamtengo wapatali imamera m'duwa lotseguka komanso pang'ono. Izi ndizofunikira maluwa. M'malo okhala ndi mthunzi sikhala wokongola kwambiri, koma wokhalitsa.
Chosiyana ndi ichi gravilat yamtsinje. Amakonda madambo komanso onyowa, amakonda mthunzi. Adzakhala bwino m'mphepete mwa dziwe, amalekerera nthaka yabwino kapena yac acid.
Samalani moyenera
Kuti chitukuko chikhale bwino, mmera umafunika kusamalidwa bwino. Ngakhale chifukwa cha kuzindikira kwawo sikovuta kupereka. Njira zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito pamanda:
- Kuchotsa udzu;
- Kutsegulira dothi lochotsa mizu;
- Kuchepetsa ma peduncle;
- Mavalidwe apamwamba ndi kuthirira.
Kuchotsa ma pedunances amatha kuchitika pambuyo pa maluwa oyamba, izi zidzakulitsa nthawi yake. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi chisamaliro chabwino, mphamvu yokoka imatha kutulutsa mobwerezabwereza pafupi ndi kugwa. Ndipo mitundu monga mtsinje kapena mzinda pachimake mu ndikusangalala ndi maluwa awo mpaka Okutobala. Kudulira kwa mphukira kumachitika pofuna kuthana ndi ukalamba.
Ponena za kukana kuzizira, zimatengera mitundu. Manda a Ross, mitsinje ndi triflorum saopa chisanu. Koma kuwotha nyengo yachisanu ndikofunikira kwa achinyamata toyesale ndi mitundu yosakanizidwa, makamaka mitundu ya terry. Chifukwa chake, pakugwa, gawo lakuthambo la iwo liyenera kudulidwa, ndipo mizu iyenera kutenthetsedwa ndi lapnik, masamba, udzu kapena mulche kuti asazizire.
Kubzala kwa gravilate sikuvomera bwino, njirayi siyikhala mizu ndipo mwina singakhale ndi duwa. Chifukwa chake kuli kofunikira kuchita osazipitanso kamodzi pazaka 3-4, komabe, mkati mwa izi amalimbikitsa kukonzanso. Ndikofunika kuphatikiza ndi magawidwe. Imachitika kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira madera ofunda, kuti mbewu ili ndi nthawi yosinthira isanayambike nyengo yozizira. Ndikofunikira kuyamba kwanthawi yophukira pomwe mbewu zonse pamphaka zakupsa.
Pakatikati, chitsamba chimagawidwa mchaka. Imakumbidwa ndikuigawa bwino mbali zosiyanasiyana. Ndikofunika kuti akhale ndi rosette yamasamba, masamba ndi mizu. Zitsime zaiwo zakonzedwa pasadakhale, kuziwaza ndi madzi. Mutabzala, kompositi kapena peat zimawonjezeredwa panthaka ndikunyowa bwino.
Kuika zinthu kumakhalanso kofunikira ngati chomera chikakula kuvunda kwa mizu. Zigawo zonse zomwe zakhudzidwa zimachotsedwa, ndipo zathanzi zimangosinthidwa kupita kumalo kwatsopano, popeza zidawakonzera kale komanso dothi ndikukonzekera mwapadera.
Pofalitsa zipatso, zodulidwa zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Amazika mizu mu dothi lomanga thupi ndikumwetsa madzi nthawi zonse. Ndipo safunikira njira zapadera zodzaza mizu.
Gravilate sichimakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo ndipo safuna chithandizo chapadera ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Matenda oyamba ndi fungus amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala a fungicidal.
Feteleza ndi kuthirira
Potaziyamu wa phosphate mineral mankhwala ndi oyenera gravilate. Mukakulitsa mitundu ya ku Chile, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa granular ndi potaziyamu, nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous. Izi ndizowona makamaka nthawi yamaluwa. Pangani izi zokwanira 2 pachaka. Kuchokera kwa organics, humus ndiyothandiza.
Kuthirira mbewu kumafunika zambiri komanso nthawi zonse, koma popanda kuthirira madzi. Ndikwabwino kuyang'ana momwe dothi lilili. Sayenera kukhala youma kapena kunyowa kwambiri. Chisamaliro chachikulu chimaperekedwa panjira zamadzi panthawi yadzuwa ndi yotentha. Pakadali pano, kuthirira ndi kofunika pansi pa muzu.
Chifukwa cha chilala chomwe chimatenga nthawi yayitali, gawo lam'mlengalenga limatha kuuma. Koma pankhaniyi, munthu sayenera kulingalira mopanda chiyembekezo. Mwacionekele, kukhathamiritsa kwa madzi ambiri kumathandiza kukonza vutoli.
Timakula mbande
Kusankha kwodabwitsaku ndikwabwino chifukwa mbewu zotere zimatha kutulutsa kwa nthawi yayitali. Kugawa mbewu ngakhale kwa masiku angapo pa kutentha kwa + 5-10 ° C imathandizira kumera kwawo. Koma kungowaviika m'madzi kwa masiku 5 kungapatsenso zofanana.
M'mwezi wa Marichi-Epulo, mbewu zimafesedwa mumbale zapadera, zowazidwa pang'ono ndi dothi, mchenga, ndikufundidwa ndi filimu kapena galasi lamafuta. Afunika kupereka kuwunikira, kupewa kupukuta kwa gawo lapansi, kumanyowetsa nthawi zonse. Zimamera pakatha pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Pakaphuka mphukira, pogona pakepo pamafunika kuchotsedwa tsiku lililonse kuti mpweya wabwino uume komanso kuuma.
Masamba oyambilira akapezeka, mbewuzo zimadzimbira m'mizimba. Mutha kubzala mbande pamalo oyamba kumayambiriro kwa June. Ena amachita izi mu Epulo, koma nthawi ino pamakhala chisanu kwambiri, motero muyenera kusamalira kuteteza tchire tating'ono ndi filimu kapena zinthu zapadera. Mukamatera ndikusungani mtunda wa 15-20 cm pakati pawo. Gravilate wamkulu wochokera kumbewu nthawi zambiri amatulutsa pakapita zaka ziwiri.
Mbewu zitha kufesedwa panthaka yophukira, ndipo ngati nyengo ndi yofatsa, ndiye kuti mukugwa. Musaiwale za pobzala komanso kuwononga mankhwala antifungal, monga pobzala mbande. M'nyengo yotentha, tchire lokulira limasunthidwa ku maluwa.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu
Pa chikhalidwe cha gravilat XIX c. Pakukongoletsa dimba, mitundu yake yambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito, pano ndi ochepa chabe aiwo.
Mtundu wofiyira umafikira kutalika kwa 1.5 mita. Imaphuka kuyambira kumapeto kwa Meyi mpaka pakati pa Julayi. Pali "Borizin" osiyanasiyana, nthawi yomwe maluwa ake ndi Juni-Seputembara.
Chilean amatanthauza mitundu yayitali, imakonda kutchedwa rose Greek. Masamba ake obiriwira owala amatengedwa mu rosette yoyambira. Maluwa owoneka bwino amayambira kumapeto kwa Juni ndi pitilizani maluwa pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Mitunduyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala kapena zonunkhira. Amwenye a Mapuche amagwiritsirabe ntchito mankhwalawa pachilonda cha mano, matenda am'mimba.
Gulu la haibridi ndi mbewu zomwe zimapezeka podutsa ku Chile ndi miyala yofiyira yowala. Mtundu umodzi wotchuka umatha kutchedwa "Mpira Wamoto". Imafika pamtunda wa masentimita 60. Monga momwe tikuonera pachithunzichi, imakhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu owoneka bwino a lalanje, masamba ake amakhalabe obiriwira kwa nthawi yayitali. Imakhala ndi maluwa nthawi yayitali kuyambira masiku 45 mpaka 60.
Miyala ya kumtsinje ndimitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi nthangala yayikulu, imangomera kokha ndi njere. Pali mitundu yaminda yamaluwa yoyera, yachikaso, yamaluwa. M'malo okhala chinyezi, masamba ake amapeza utoto wofiirira. Chochititsa chidwi, pamene duwa limacha, mbawala zimapatsa mbewuzo feteleza. Rosette yake yoyambira imadutsa magawo angapo a mapangidwe.
Mountain view otsika chomera pafupifupi 15 cm ndi maluwa achikasu. Limamasula kwambiri m'mwezi wa Meyi ndipo limapitilira maluwa pafupifupi miyezi iwiri. Kukongola kwa Mzinda kapena Grass ya St. Benedict. Kufikira 60 cm.Mtundu wokhala ndi nthawi yayitali yotuwa komanso wowala wachikaso wowala wa inflorescence.
Gravilate ipeza malo pafupifupi dimba lililonse. Amadziwika kuyambira nthawi zakale, dzina lake lakale ndi udzu. Amakhulupirira kuti chomera chimateteza ku mavuto ndi matenda. Kusamalira ndikosavuta, ndipo kukula ndi manja anu kusangalatsa msamalira aliyense. Amabzala m'miyala ndi kuchotsera. Kwa minda yamwala, ndikwabwino kuyang'ana paphiri, ndichopanda ulemu, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chivundikiro. Ndipo mchenga waku Chile kapena mitundu ya Fireball ndiyabwino pamalire.
